Dcrire To describe

Je dcris Nous dcrivons

Tu dcris Vous dcrivez
Il dcrit Ils dcrivent
Je massieds Nous nous asseyons
Tu tassieds Vous vous asseyez
Il sassied Ils sasseyent
Dcrire/sincrire/inscrire are irregular in the
present idicative tense and past participle
I. Verb Review
Contrle #2
Lily Holeva
Present
Future
Je massirai Nous nous assirons
Tu tassiras Vous vous assirez
Il sassira Ils sassiront

Past participle: dcrit
Imperfect stem: dcriv-
Future/Conditional stem: dcriv-
Sasseoir (to sit on) has two stems for the present
indicatif/subdjunctif, the imperfect, future, and conditional.
Most commonly used are the present and future:
Past participle: assis
Imperfect stem: nous nous assey-
Conditional stem: je massir-
Subjunctive stem: ils sassey-

II. Descriptive Adjective
STRUCTURE - Regulars
STRUCTURE - Irregulars Masc - Fem
Masculine Feminine
Heureux Heureuse
Faux Fausse
Doux Douce
Roux Rousse
Vieux Vielle
*All of these irregular
masculine -> feminine
adjectives form the plural by
adding an s
Must agree with the nouns they modify in gender and number
Standard pattern of adjective formation:
Masculine singular form + s = masculine plular form
impoli -> impolis
Masculine singular form + e = feminine sinfular form
impoli -> impolie
Masculine singular form + es = feminine plural form
impoli -> impolies
If masculine singular form already ends in e, feminine form is the same
If masculine singular form already ends in s, masculine plural is the same
Adjectives ending in -er will form the ending -re in the feminine form
Adjectives ending in -f will form the ending -ve in the feminine form
Adjectives ending in -x form the feminine in many different ways without
pattern:

Masculine Feminine
Extrieur Extrieure
Suprieur Suprieure
Majeur Majeure
Meilleur Meilleure
Masculine Feminine
Blan Blanche
Favori Favorite
Long Longue
Sec Sche
Public Publique
Adjectives ending in -eur usually end the feminine form in -euse
There are some frequent exceptions:
Adjectives ending in -teur usually end the feminine form in -trice
There are some frequent exceptions such as:

Menteur -> menteuse
Adjectives ending in a vowel + consonant form the feminine by
doubling the consonant before adding an e.
Examples:
Bon -> Bonne
Gentil -> Gentille
However, those ending in -et form the feminine by
adding an accent and and e.
Examples:
Complet -> Complte
Discret -> Discrte
Some adjectives are completely irregular and follow no patterns at all
when forming the feminine

STRUCTURE - Irregular Plurals
Masculine
singular
Masculine
alternate
Feminine
singular
Masculine
plural
Feminine
plural
Beau Bel Belle Beaux Belles
Fou Fol Folle Fous Folles
Mou Mol Molle Mous Molles
Nouveau Nouvel Nouvelle Nouveaux Nouvelles
Vieux Viell Vieux Vieux Vielles
Adjectives ending in -al form masculine plural in two ways....
Examples:
Normal -> Normaux or Final -> Finals
... and form the feminine plural in just one way
Examples:
Normale -> Normales
Finale -> Finales
There are 5 french adjectives that have an alternate masculine singular
used when they are followed by a noun with a mute h.
The feminine forms of these 5 adjectives are derived from these alternate
masculine singular forms.
The 5 adjectives are:

STRUCTURE - Positioning
Adjective Before noun meaning After noun meaning
Ancien Former Old
Cher Dear Expensive
Dernier Last in a series Last (preceding)
Grand Great Tall
Mme Same Very
Pauvre Poor (deserving pity) Poor (not rich)
Propre Own Clean
Some adjectives do not change no matter what form or gender they noun they
modify is in. These include...
A. Certain color adjectives do not change at all
Bordeaux
Cerise
Marron
Orange
B. The adjective snob changes to snobs and the adjective chic to chics for
plural nouns but neither have any feminine forms.
Most adjectives follow the nouns they modify
Some adjectives that come before the noun they modify.
These are adjectives that fall under one of the categories
in the acronym BAGS.
Beauty (ex: beau, jolie)
Age (ex: jeune, vieux)
Goodness (ex: bon, mauvais)
Size (ex: petit, grand)
Some adjectives change meaning depending on whether they
come before or after a noun.

III. Comparative/Superlative - Adjectives
STRUCTURE - Comparisons
STRUCTURE - Superlatives
IV. Tout
The Adjective Tout
Masculine
singular
Feminine
singular
Masculine
plural
Feminine
plural
Tout Toute Tous Toutes
To compare people or things to eachother
To express equality: aussi + adjective + que
To express superiority: plus + adjective + que
To express inferiority: moins + adjective + que
* Bon(ne) changes to Meilleur(e) in superlative comparisons
Not to be confused with Mieux which is not an adjective, but an adverb.
To describe something being better/worse than all others
Most: le/la/les plus + adjective + de
Least: le/la/les moins + adjective + de
All forms meaning the entire, whole, all, every.

Form Meaning
Tout Masc Sing Everything
Tout Fem Sing Everything
Tous Masc Plural Everyone
Toutes Fem Plural Everyone
V. Interrogatives
QUESTIONS: Yes or No
The Pronoun Tout
Meaning changes based on form:
1) Est-ce Que
Est-ce Que + subject + verb
2) Inversion
Switch position of subject pronoun and verb
Most formal way to ask yes/no question
If verb is negative it is proceeded by ne and pas follows the verb-pronound
group
If the verb is in a compound tense, the auxiliary and verb and subject pronoun
are inverted
If subject is a nound, noun remains in normal place a corresponding pronoun is
inverted with the verb
3) Add nest-ce pas after a statement
4) Inotonation
-Raising tone at end of statement to suggest a question is being asked

QUESTIONS: Specific info Request
Interrogative
Interrogative Adjectives
Interrogative Pronouns
Begins with an interrogative word
Interrogative words can be adverbs, adjectives, or pronouns
Interrogative adverb + est-ce que or inversion
Interrogative adverbs:
Combien -> How much
Comment -> How
O -> Where
Pourquoi -Why
Quand ->When
Examples:
Combien avez-vous pay ce collier?
Combien est-ce que vous avez pay ce collier?
Both of these translate to: How much did you pay for this necklace?
Interrogative adjectives:
Quel (mascular singular)
Quelle (feminine singular)
Quels (masculine plural)
Quelles (feminine plural)
Means which or what
Can only be followed by a noun or conjugated tre
Examples:
Quel maillot prfrez-tu?
Quelle est la diffrence entre un manteau et un blouson?
Interrogative pronouns are either invariable or variable

Invariable
Do not change to agree with the noun they modify
Invariable pronouns:
Qui
Que/Qu
Quest-ce que
Quest-ce qui
Quoi
Quoi est-ce que
Qui ---> to ask about people
Can be used as subject:
Qui aime Diams? -> Who likes Diams?
Can be used as direct object (followed by inversion):
Qui as-tu vu au concert? -> Who did you see at the concert?
Can be used as object of preposition (followed by inversion):
Avec qui sors-tu ce soir? -> With whom are you going out tonight?
Quest-ce qui ---> ask about things
Used as a subject:
Quest-ce qui lintresse? -> What interests you?
Que/Qu ---> ask about things
Used as direct object (+ inversion):
Que fais-tu? -> What are you doing?
Quest-ce que --> ask about things
Used as direct object:
Quest-ce que tu as achet? -> What did you buy
Quoi ---> ask about things
Used as object of preposition (+ inversion):
De quoi parles-tu? -> What are you talking about?
Quoi est-ce que ---> ask about things
Used as object of preposition:
Avec quoi est-ce quelle se teint les cheveux? -> What is she dying her hair with?


When asking for a definition, use either Quest-ce que (or + cest que)
Quest-ce que cest que la Fte de la Musique?
Quest-ce que la Fte de la Musique?
Both of these transale to -> What is the Fte de la Musique?
VI. Il/Elle vs Cest
Variable
Agree in gender and number with noun they modify
Always placed at beginning of question
Indicates a choice
Contract with and de
Variable pronouns:
Lequel (mascular singular)
Laquelle (feminine singular)
Lesquels (masculine plural)
Lesquelles (feminine plural)
Lequel de ces jeunes hommes joue de la guitare?
Translates to: There are 2 rock concerts tonight. Which one do you want to go to?
Il/Elle est generally is followed by an adjective
Example:
Il est sympathique -> Hes nice
Cest generally is followed by a noun
Example:
Cest le copain de Vincent au tlphone -> Its Vincents friend on the phone
Cest is also used to refer to a previously mentioned subject
Example:
Tu nas pas aim le concert? Cest vraiment dommage!
You didnt like the concert? Thats really too bad!

III. Infinitives

Russir to succeed
Je russis Nous russissons
Tu russis Vous russissez
Il russit Ils russissent
Regular verbs with -ir ending:
BASIC IDEA: ENDINGS:
1) Drop the -r
ex: russir -> russi
-s -ssons
-s -ssez
-t -ssent
2) Add on ending
ex: russi -> Je russis

Acheter and Modeler
The A Subjects change their e to
The B Subjects stay the same
Acheter to buy/purchase
Jachet Nous achetons
Tu achets Vous achetez
Il achet Ils achetnt
Modeler to model
Je model Nous modelons
Tu models Vous modelez
Il model Ils modelnt
Prfrer and Scher
The A Subjects change their to
The B Subjects stay the same
Prfrer to prefer
Je prfre Nous prfrons
Tu prfres Vous prfrez
Il prfre Ils prfrent
Scher to dry
Je sche Nous schons
Tu sches Vous schez
Il sche Ils schent
Appeler to call oneself
Jappelle Nous appelons
Tu appelles Vous appelez
Il appelle Ils appellent
Appeler and Jeter
The A Subjects get a double L / double T in stem
The B Subjects stay the same
Both still get same endings!
Jeter to throw
Je Jetter Nous Jetons
Tu Jettes Vous Jetez
Il Jette Ils Jettent