Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS. (30 Marks)

Circle the MOST CORRECT anser.
!n" c#rrecti#ns $%st &e $arke' CLE!RL(. N# $arks ill &e )i*en in case #+ '#%&ts.
Each ,%esti#n is #rth - $ark.
1. Polymers are degraded to teir component monomers !y a process called
". deydration syntesis
B. condensation
C. ydrogenation
#. ydrolysis
$. " transport protein tat carries o%ygen in red !lood cells is
". aemoglo!in
B. insulin
C. actin
#. collagen
&. lipids are
". typically ydropilic
B. mainly composed of ydrogen and o%ygen
C. solu!le in non polar sol'ent and relati'ely insolu!le in (ater.
#. #efined !y teir structure
). Te term meta!olism most precisely descri!es te cellular process*es+ of ,,,,,,,,,,-
". catalysis of "TP
B. !rea.ing do(n large molecules into smaller ones meta!olism
C. !uilding large molecules from smaller ones
#. B and C
/. 0ic of te follo(ing statements a!out ana!olism is incorrect-
". "na!olism in'ol'es syntesis of large molecules from small ones.
B. "na!olism manages te storage of e%cess materials and energy resources.
C. "na!olism can lead to tissue !uilding1 repair and gro(t.
#. 2one of tese statements is incorrect.
6. "denosine tripospate *"TP+ functions primarily as
". a precursor of 'itamin "
B. an 3energy carrier3 in some en4ymic reactions
C. a long,term energy storage molecule
#. a cellular store of pospate
5. En4ymes are:
". ydrogen carriers in some !ody reactions
B. catalysts found in all li'ing cells
C. macromolecules containing #2" tat 6ma.e reactions appen7
#. catalysts found in animals and plants !ut not in !acteria
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
8. En4ymes:
". consist mostly of protein1 e'en toug some en4ymes destroy protein
B. consist mostly of protein in (ic te se9uence of nucleotides is important
C. contain an acti'e site1 (ere te su!strate !inds during reactions
#. " and C
:. "n en4yme cataly4es a reaction !y
". supplying te energy to speed up a reaction.
B. lo(ering te energy of acti'ation of a reaction.
C. canging te e9uili!rium of a spontaneous reaction.
#. increasing te amount of free energy of a reaction.
10. Te induced fit model most correctly descri!es te (ay an en4yme and su!strate !ind to eac
oter !ecause:
". Te su!strate canges its sape sligtly upon !inding to te en4yme for a !etter fit
B. Te and,in,glo'e model alters te en4yme permanently
C. Te induction of gene e%pression creates a !etter fit of te en4yme to su!strate
#. Te en4yme canges its sape sligtly upon !inding to te su!strate for a !etter fit
11. "n increase in te le'els of 2"#H and "TP in cells is li.ely to occur under (ic
condition*s+-
". increased acti'ity of cata!olic pat(ays
B. decreased acti'ity of ana!olic pat(ays
C. ini!ition of ana!olic pat(ays
#. " and B
1$. Te reason (y umans can meta!olise starc !ut not cellulose is,,,
". Starc is a smaller polymer tan cellulose1 terefore easier to !rea. do(n.
B. Starc digestion starts earlier1 in te mout1 and gets longer time for completion tan
cellulose digestion.
C. Te cemical !onds in starc can !e !ro.en !y certain uman en4ymes1 tose in
cellulose can;t.
#. Human !odies store cellulose as te energy supply and so1 cannot meta!olise it.
1&. Te role of !ile produced !y te li'er and stored in te gall !ladder is,,,,,
". To digest te proteins in food.
B. To emulsify and disperse te fats so tey can !e digested !y appropriate en4ymes.
C. To digest cellulose.
#. To secrete insulin.
1). Te t(o main en4ymes ,,,,, and ,, digest ,,,,,,, in our food:
". Starc
B. <lycogen
C. =ipids
#. Proteins
1/. >alnutrition refers to,,,,,,,,,,,
". ?nade9uate amounts of total calorie *food+ inta.e
B. ?nade9uate amounts of a specific component of food
C. ?nade9uate amounts of all 'itamins
#. ?nade9uate amounts of all proteins
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
16. Te t(o ormones tat regulate !lood sugar !alance are ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
". ?nsulin and glucagon
B. Pepsin and trypsin
C. =ipase and maltase
#. Trypsin and cymotrypsin
15. Te cells of te stomac are temsel'es not !ro.en do(n !y te acids and en4ymes !ecause:
". Tey are coated (it mucous
B. Tey secrete an al.ali to neutralise te acid
C. Te digesti'e en4ymes are secreted in te stomac an inacti'e form.
#. " and C
18. 2icotinamide adenine dinucleotide *2"#+ is
". a precursor of coen4yme "
B. a precursor of niacin
C. a 'itamin important for 'ision
#. a carrier molecule for Hydrogen atoms
1:. Te condition of .(asior.or
". occurs (en te diet is deficient in essential amino acids
B. occurs (en te diet is deficient in protein
C. is a conse9uence of cildood o!esity
#. occurs (en te diet is deficient in protein and car!oydrate.
$0. >itocondria a'e te general function of
". producing o%ygen from te !rea.do(n of food molecules
B. using o%ygen and forming lactic acid
C. !rea.ing do(n molecules from food and forming "#P
#. !rea.ing do(n molecules from food and forming "TP
$1. Protein is primarily important in te diet as
". a source of saccarides for ma.ing protein
B. a source amino acids for ma.ing protein
C. a source of !uilding !loc.s for ma.ing #2"
#. a source of amino acids for ma.ing starc.
$$. Te condition of marasmus
". occurs (en te diet is deficient in essential amino acids
B. occurs (en te diet is deficient in protein
C. is a conse9uence of cildood o!esity
#. occurs (en te diet is deficient in protein and car!oydrate.
$&. Type ? dia!etes mellitus
". occurs (en insulin is not made in te pancreas
B. occurs (en te diet is deficient in essential amino acids
C. occurs (en te diet is deficient in protein
#. is a conse9uence of cildood o!esity
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
$). " gene represents a section of #2" tat:
". Can !e dou!le,stranded
B. ?s made up of all types of !ase pairs
C. Can !e transcri!ed into any type of @2"
#. ?s a!le to replicate
$8. Te ,,,,,,, and ,,,,,,, ma.e up te !ac.!one of te #2" eli%1 (ile ,,,, ma.e up its interior:
". SugarsA pospatesA !ases
B. "deninesA tyminesA guanines
C. BasesA pospatesA sugars
#. PospatesA ydrogen !ondsA pospodiester !onds.
$:. Te t(o cains of #2" must run in ,,,,,,,,,, direction*s+ and must !e ,,,,,,,, if tey are to
!ond (it eac oter.
". te sameA uncomplimentary
B. oppositeA uncomplimentary
C. parallelA complimentary
#. antiparallelA complementary
SHORT !NS.ER QUESTIONS
Sh#rt ,%esti#n -/ 0ill in the )a1s. (T#tal -0 $arks)
One $ark 1er ,%esti#n. 0racti#nal $ark )i*en less than 0.2 can &e )i*en.
". ?n meiotic cell di'ision1 te omologous cromosomes separate at te ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
stage1 (ile te sister cromatids separate at te ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, stage.
B. Te main types of @2" molecules in te cell are ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
C. #2" cains are called directional !ecause ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and
antiparallel !ecause ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
#. @2" differs from #2" in tree respects: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
E. ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, are e%amples of infectious agents (ic do
not a'e nucleic acids.
B. Te uman s.in colour is an e%ample of a trait go'erned !y oneC t(oC treeC multiple genes1
(ile te left, or rigt,andedness is an e%ample of a trait go'erned !y oneC t(oC treeC
multiple genes *circle your coices for eac trait+.
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
<. Te properties of (ater tat allo( it to clim! to te top of plants are: ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
and ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
H. Using te Ta!le of <enetic Code pro'ided &el#1 translate te follo(ing m@2" se9uence
into an amino acid se9uence: C"C!""U"C<"<
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
?. ?f te adenine !ase *"+ and te cytosine !ase *C+ so(n in !old and underlined in te a!o'e
se9uence are mutated *canged+ to a guanine *<+ and an adenine *"+ respectively1 (or. out
(at te amino acid se9uence (ould !e:

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.
Ta&le #+ )enetic c#'e t# &e %se' +#r Sh#rt ,%esti#n -3 1arts I3 4/
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
Sh#rt ,%esti#n 5/ (T#tal -0 $arks)
!''ress the +#ll#in) 1r#&le$s in )enetics. Please c#nsi'er all 1#ssi&ilities an' e61lain
"#%r ansers ith the hel1 #+ a11r#1riate )ene s"$&#ls an' P%nnett s,%are(s) 'ran in
the )i*en s1aces. N# $arks ill &e )i*en i+ the P%nnett s,%are(s) are $issin) #r inc#rrect.

!. ?n te fruit fly Drosophila, te gene for eye colour is located on te D,cromosome1 (ite eye
colour *w+ !eing recessi'e to red eye colour *0+. Te females are DD (ile males are DE. ?f a
red,eyed female is crossed (it a (ile,eyed male1 (at (ill !e te eye colour*s+ of te progeny
of te male and female flies- Consider all possi!ilities and e%plain your ans(er (it appropriate
gene sym!ols and Punnett s9uare*s+. (3 $arks)
7. 0at (ill !e te !lood type *s+ of te cildren !orn to a couple (ere te moter as type
"B !lood and te fater as type " !lood- Consider all possi!ilities and e%plain your ans(er
(it appropriate gene sym!ols and Punnett s9uare*s+. (3 $arks)
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Eye colour*s+ of males:
Eye colour*s+ of females:
Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
C/ 0at are te predicted penotypes of te male and female cildren from te union of a
(oman (o as an autosomal dominant condition for d(arfism and is etero4ygous for it1 and a
man (o is of normal eigt- Consider all possi!ilities and e%plain your ans(er (it
appropriate gene sym!ols and Punnett s9uare*s+. (5 $arks)
8/ ?n snapdragons1 if a pin.,flo(ered plant is crossed (it anoter pin.,flo(ered plant1 te B1
generation as red1 (ite and pin. flo(ers. 0at is tis penomenon is called- Consider all
possi!ilities and e%plain your ans(er (it appropriate gene sym!ols and Punnett s9uare*s+.
(5 $arks)
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
Sh#rt ,%esti#n 3/ (2 $arks)
0it te elp of clear and la!elled diagrams1 illustrate te !asic cemical structures of *i+ one
su!unit of #2" (5 $arks)A and *ii+ te #2" dou!le eli% (3 $arks).
LON9 !NS.ER QUESTIONS
L#n) ,%esti#n - (-0 $arks)
Eou are gi'en a diploid *$n+ cell (it a cromosome num!er of )1 i.e.1 t(o pairs of omologous
cromosomes1 one pair !eing of a sorter cromosomes tan te oter. 0it te elp of clear3
la&elle'3 c#l#%re' #r 1encil:sha'e'3 'ia)ra$s3 illustrate te e'ents at te di'ision of tis cell
at *i+ all sta)es #+ $it#sis *8 mar.s+ and *ii+ at te 1r#1hase #+ $ei#sis I #nl" *$ mar.s+. Te
figures MUST SHO. CLE!RL( all rele*ant 'etail at the re,%ire' sta)es3 +#r te
alignmentCmo'ementCfate of &#th 1airs #+ chr#$#s#$es an' all chr#$ati's. Do not (rite any
description e%cept la!els. Te figures sould !e self,e%planatory.
S1ace +#r anser/ #n ne6t 1a)e.
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology

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Mit#sis

Pr#1hase I #+ $ei#sis
Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
L#n) ,%esti#n 5. *52 $arks)
0rite detailed notes on an" 0I;E of te follo(ing. #F 2FT (rite more tan fi'e: only te first
B?GE (ill !e mar.ed. (2 $arks each)
1. "ny t(o distinct types of lipids in cells: teir structures1 properties and rolesCsignificance.
$. Higer order *secondary and a!o'e+ structures of proteins1 teir significance and te types of
cemical !onds tat are responsi!le for forming tese structures.
&. @egulation of !lood glucose le'els and te causes and effects of a disease related to tis.
). >endel;s t(o main la(s of ineritance.
/. Properties of #2" tat allo( it to function as te genetic material.
6. Comparison of te tree maHor modes of e%cange of genetic information in !acteria.
5. Te uni9ue properties of prions and t(o e%amples of te diseases caused !y tem.
S1ace +#r ritin) ansers/ #n this an' the ne6t 1a)e
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Unit of Study Code: HES1610 Unit Title: Concepts of Biology
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