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PERTANYAAN SEDERHANA INTERVIEW MENGENAI KOMPARASI CODE & STANDARD

1. Pipeline : SNI 3474 VS ISO 13623+DNV-OS-F101
2. Piping : ASME B31.1 VS 31.3 VS 31.4 VS B31.8
3. Welding : AWS D1.1 VS EN ISO 15607 (Ref 156614-1)
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Pertanyaan Sederhana InterviewPiping Engineering.
*Tersedia isometric dwg
**Tersedia kawat
1st InstructionMemvisualisasikan 3D iso dwg dengan kawat yng tersedia,
2nd InstructionProperties, dimension dll
interview piping
What is the Piping Code for Design of piping systems in Process Piping, Power Pi
ping?
- B31.1
- ASME B31.4 & B31.1
- Process Piping : B31.3 ; Power Piping : B31.1
2. What is the difference between Pipe and Tube?
-Pipe is identified by NB and thickness is defined by Schedule whereas Tube is i
dentified by OD
- tube is with smaller size & thickness than pipe. used for instrument componen
ts. or for venting/draining use.
- Thicknessin B36.10 and B36.19 covers the thickness for Pipe..mean while for the
Tube.i dont know ;p
3. What is NB and OD?
- From the size 14 and onwards NB = OD of pipe.
- NB = normal bore. regular dimension of pipe diameter. OD = outside di
ameter.
4. From which size onwards NB of pipe equal to OD?
- From the size 14 and onwards NB = OD of pipe.
- 14? and above
- (12Inch and Below NB, 14Inch and above OD
5. Can you remember what is the OD of the following pipe without looking to the
book? 1/2 in 3/4 in 1 in 2 in 3 in 4 in 6 in 8 in 10 in 12 in
- 1/2 in (dont know) 3/4 in (dont know 1 in (dont know 2 in (60mm) 3 in (8
9mm) 4 in (114mm) 6 in(168mm) 8 in (234mm) 10 in (273mm) 12 in (323mm)
6. When do we use Eccentric Reducer and Concentric Reducer?
- I Eccentric reducers = Pump suction to avoid Cavitation, To maintain
elevation (BOP) in rack. ii. Concentric reducers = Pump discharge, vertical pipe
line etc
- when we want to avoid liquid or gas trapping inside the flow
- Ecc Red normally used in suction pump and pipe rack. Con Red can be u
sed in vertical Pipe)
7. Why cant we use Concentric Reducer at pump suction ? Explain.
- Cause Air pockets may form if concentric reducer is used at pump suct
ion, which results in Cavitation, and cause damage to Pump. To avoid this proble
m, Eccentric Reducer with Flat Side Up (FSU)is used in Pump Suction
- as answer at no. 6, there will be liquid trap, then this will produce
hammer or hard vibration
- the reason is to avoid air trap in suction line)
8. What is the different between Machine Bolt and Stud Bolt?
- Machine bolt has a head on one side and nut on other side but stud bo
lt have nuts on both sides.
- guessing. stud bolt is used to install two flanges. stud bolt can be t
ightened from two side.
9. When do we need Dampener, Expansion Joint and Mechanical Snubber? and Why?
- guessing. dampener & mech snubber are used when calculation meet unsta
ble supporting.
- Expansion Joint can be used in very limited space. Basically it will
absorb thermal Expansion of the pipe. Application : Piping around Pump. As my un
derstanding dampener and Snubber is used to reduced the piping vibration (CMIIW)
10. Do you know the rule of thumb for piping stress analysis around the pump? Pl
ease describe
- nope. i know only the design criteria of piping system around pump..
11. Do you know the rule of thumb for piping stress analysis around compressors,
turbine and heat exchanger? Please describe.
12. Do you know the rule of thumb for piping stress analysis aroound tower or pr
essure vessel? Please describe.
- check of piping settlement between header line and tank/vessel nozzle
13. What is Steam Tracing?
- same as heat insulation. to keep the delta temperature inside the pip
e.
- steam tracing is a steam line which is used to maintain the temperatu
re of the fluid in the main line. From the steam header, basically we will desig
n distribution manifold for the steam tracing, and after specific distance we ha
ve to collect the condensate and provide new steam tracing line for the main lin
e. The condensate can be open or close system. If it is open system then the con
densate will be drain-off, if it is close system the condensate will be routed b
ack to condensate header for recycling)
14. Why Full Bore Pipe is using in connecting pipeline of launcher?
- in order to avoid locking-trip of pigging
15. When checking Piping Stress Sketch, what parameter you normaly need to check
?
- a. line routing & number b. dimensions & support locations c. design/
operating temperature & pressure d. pipe specification e. code & standard
- Pipe properties, des and ope condition, pipe route
16. What Code you normaly use for checking the Nozzle load on Compressors, Turbi
ne, Heat Exchanger, Pump, Air Cooler?
- Do you mean standard ? TurbineAPI Std 611 = NEMA SM23 Centrifugal C
ompressorAPI Std 617 Reciprocating CompressorAPI Std 618 Air Fin CoolerAPI Std 66
1 PumpAPI Std 610
17. What is the ANSI/ASME Code for dimensional Steel Flanges and Fittings?
- ANSI B16.9
- Flange 24Inch and below : ASME B16.5 ; 26inch and larger ASME B16.47
Fittings : ASME B16.11)
18. Name the Flange Facing
- Raised-Face, Flat-Face & Ring-type Joint
- (Rise Face, Flat Face, and Ring Joint).
19. Do you know the flange facing called as AARH?
20. If you would like to make a branch connection, from which side pipe normaly
take the branch connection?
- gas, vertical 90deg. liquid, horizontal 90deg
- from top; For liquid For gas or vapour from side
21. Control Valve. What kind of support arangement on Control Valve?
- put supports closer to the valve. add guide on both supports. add sto
pper on one of the supports
- 2 support for control valve, one of them is fix, while the other is s
lide (can be guided)
22. Why do wee need to provide HPV (High Point Vent) and LPD (Low Point Drain) i
n Piping?
- to avoid hammer. this usually happening in pocket line
23. Do you know about Weldolet, Sockolet? Please Explain.
- weldolet connects header & branch, welded on the surface, with no pip
e branch plug into inside pipe; than that is used in sockolet
- weldolet connects brach and header for buttweld pipe (BE) and the siz
e 2? and above (common) and sockolet for socket welded pipe (PE) and the size 2?
and under. (pl. correction)
- Weldolet is fitting for Butt End Pipe, while sockolet is fitting for
Plain End Pipe ( Brancing )
24. What is the normal upstream and downstream straight length of orifice flow m
eter?
- 5D 10D ?
- Thats depend on the Beta ratio of the orifice plate. But normally we u
sed the biggest beta ratio ( more safe ). 20D for downstream and 5D for upstream
25. What is composite flange?
- flange made from non-metal material ?
26. Do you know about Insulated Joint? Pleas explain.
- Insulated joint is used when metallic underground pipe connected to m
etallic aboveground pipe (connected by flanges). The purpose is to isolate the C
athodic Protection current so that the current is not flowing on above ground me
tallic pipe.
27. What are insulating gasket kits?
28. Have you done the analysis of Jacketed Piping? What do you normaly need to c
onsider during analysis?
29. What do you need to take into account when performing stress analysis around
Tank?
- pipe settlement. (data of land-lowering around tank.)
- The settlement of the ground due to tank weight
30. What is the relation between Brinnell Hardness Number and Rockwell Hardness
Number?
31. What is the minimum distance between two welds in a pipe?
- as maximum pipe long per piece ? 6m ?
- the minimum distance is 50mm (2?) after welding. (pl. correction)
- 5times of the Thickness or 50mm which is the larger
32. During fabrication, you observed that one samll crack has appeared on a fres
h plate, what type of measure you will take to obtain desired quality with minim
um wastage?
33. Describe the different types of destructive and non-destructive tests?
- same as no. 32
- Destructive Test: a) Tensile test, we put axial tensile force to the
specimen until it is failure b) hardness test, hard to describe, c) bending test
, by using bending machine, we bend the specimen
- Non-Destructive: a) PE, using penetrate liquid b) MT, can be used for
magnetic metallic c) RT, Radio graphic Testing d) UT,Ultra sonic test
-
34. What is PWHT? Why is it required?
- Post Weld Heat Treatment
- PWHT is a stress relieve process by using heat after the welding acti
vity. It is required because we need to restore the mechanical properties of the
pipe to its original state.
35. What is the minimum thickness of pipe that requires stress relieving to be d
one as per ASME B31.3?
- for carbon steel pipe 19MM, for low alloy pipe 13MM
36. What is NACE MR-0175 for?
- it is a standard that is used for sour service line
37. Hydrotest Pressure. Do you know how to calculate the test Pressure? Please d
escribe.
- for B31.3 pipe, hydrotest pressure = 1.5 x MAOP/MAWP for rating 300 &
below. for 400# & above, use 1.5 x design pressure. for B31.8 pipe, HT pressure
= 1.1 to 1.5 x design pressure.
38. Do you know heat exchanger? What fluid in Shell Side and what fluid in Tube
Side?
- hot gas or fire in shell and steam-water in tube
- On the shell side, there is a cool fluid, Tube side is used for the H
ot one.
39. Do you know Glandless Piston Valves. Where these valves are used?
40. Have you done estimation of piping system during proposal? How do you do tha
t?
- by separating first, all line number into critical lines and non-crit
ical ones. then connect all critical lines into a system and made them in amount
of calculation numbers.
- basically during Estimation, we received IFP document from the client
. If the document is good, then you will get all the information you need, such
as piping layout, plot plan, p&id, line list, specification,ect. On the basis of
this IFP Document, we Piping Department prepare the BM and The BQ to estimate h
ow much the material cost and how much the construction cost for Piping activity
. After this activity has been finished then we also have to prepare MH estimati
on for this project. Schedule of the project I think will be done by the Project
Management.
41. Why do we need to do Stress Analysis?
- 1. To ensure that the stresses in piping components in the system are
within allowable limits 2. To solve dynamic problems developed due to mechanica
l vibration, fluid hammer, pulsation, relief valves, etc 3. To solve problems as
sociated due to higher or lower operating temperature such as a) Displacement st
ress range b) Nozzle loading on connected equipments c) Pipe displacements d) Lo
ads & moments on supporting structure
- to ensure safety in piping design, in its systems.
- To ensure that the Pipe System on the plant is in safe condition
42. What are the steps in piping stress analysis?
- 1. Identify the potential loads that the piping system would encount
er during the life of the plant 2. Relate each of these loads to the stresses an
d strains developed 3. Get the cumulative effect of the potential loads in the s
ystem 4. Decide the allowable limits the system can withstand without failure as
per code 5. After the system is designed to ensure that the stresses are within
safe limits
- gather all data needed, make pipe stress sketch (put nodal numbers i
n it) as per critical line list, calculate to analyze, manually (simplified meth
od) or by computer software, reporting.
- Identification of critical line, preparing the stress sketch as per p
iping layout, preparing model using software, checking input, analyze the output
, give recommendation if the routing is failed
43. Tell me about the type of the stressess during normal operation?
- Axial Stresses (Tensile / Compressive), Shear Stresses, Radial Stress
es, Hoopes Stresses.
- primary (sustain) and secondary (thermal)
- There will be Hoop Stress, Bending Stress, and axial Stress
44. What do you need to prepare and and then to input into CAESAR II or Autopipe
for Stress Analysis?
- .i) Pipe Size ii) Fluid Temperature iii) Pipe Material iv)Design pres
sure v)Insulation Thickness vi)Specific gravity vii)Friction coeff. viii) Model
- Code used, design pressure, design/operating temperature, test pressu
re, material properties (size, material type, sch./w.t, CA, SY/SC/SH, poisson ra
tio, pipe density), fluid density, insulation data (type & density), support loc
ation, equipment data, environment data.
- We need to prepare stress sketch and all the pipe properties, such as
Line Size, Line Material, Line Class, Ope and Des Temp
45. What type of loads available in the stresss analysis calculation? Please Exp
lain.
- sustain load : inside pressure, pipe (incl. valves, flanges, etc.) we
ight thermal load : ambient, design & operating temperatures
46. Do you know about Load Cases in Stress Analysis? Please Explain.
- normal are sustain, operating & expansion load. additional are enviro
ntment load & mechanical load.
47. What is Load Case for Sustained Load, Expansion Load, Stress Range, Occasion
al Load, Spring?
- sustain : weight (specific gravity/density) + inside pressure expansi
on : delta temperature stress range : i dont know occasional : wind, earthquake/s
eismic, external force, slug/hammer, reaction froce of PSV
48. What is the failure theory under ASME B31.3?
- SL (sustain) >< SY
- SL (sustain) >< Sy
49. Do you know what type of piping failure during its operation?
50. What is the desired life cycle for piping during operation?
- based on ASME B31.3, around 7000 cycles
- 7000cycle?
51. How to calculate thermal expansion in a pipe?
- delta L = exp. coeff. x delta T x L
- By multiplying coefficient of thermal exp to its length
52. Do you know SIF (Stress Intensification Factor)? Explain and give some examp
les?
- stress max value occuring because of material repositioning. ex. : te
e, ellbow
- SIF is a factor to calculate what is the real stress that will be app
lied to the component due to difference of the component geometric..for example,
straight pipe will have SIF 1, if this pipe connected to elbow, the on the elbo
w the stress will be higher than the pipe even thought the condition is the same
, because the elbow SIF is higher (but I dont know the value
53. Pipe Support. What is the pipe support span?
- distance between two pipe supporting point.
- (Max distance of the support to ensure that the deflection due to dea
d load is limited by a half inch.)
54. What is the criteria to determine the span of pipe support?
- depend on size + wall thk. & fluid density
- Half inch of the deflection due to dead load)
55. How do we decide an anchor point at Expansion Loop on pipe rack?
- near to end of pipe rack.
- depend on the temperature of the line, higher temp line required shor
ter distance of the anchor point
56. What is the steam out condition?
- Condition when we purging the line for cleaning?
57. On Heat Exchanger, where do you provide an anchor support and slotted suppor
t? and Why?
- support near to inlet & outlet nozzle should be slotted support. then
another one is anchor/fixed support.
- Anchor point shall be given on the tube bundle side, that is for main
tenance reason, when we pull the tube, we want the equipment remaining fix (not
moving))
58. Do you know PTFE on Support? Why we need that?
- when we dont want over-force (vertical and/or horizontal) acting at pi
pe support.
- when we dont want over-force (vertical and/or horizontal) acting at pi
pe support.
- PTFE or telfon is used to reduce the friction of the support. Then it
will affect the nozzle load or any load on the stopper)
59. Tell me about spring support.Why we need it? And how many type of spring sup
port? Explain as much as you can.
- Spring support is needed to absorb over load (force) or over displacem
ent occured becuse of restrained-pipe. type of spring : variable & constant vari
able is used when there is sufficient distance around pipe, so that the spring s
upport can travel thoroughly. this is used for absorp over-force reacted at rigi
d-type support. constant is used when there is only small dimension of distance.
this is used as variable plus stabilize center position of pipe in the system.
- We need the spring support when during operation, the pipe is in lifti
ng condition, which mean it is not supported properly(if we used normal shoe or
others). So, with the spring support, when the pipe is lifting, the spring suppo
rt will also lifted and make sure that the pipe is supported. But we have to che
ck first if we need the spring support or not. When we remove the lifting suppor
t and the sustain case still pass the code, this mean that we dont need the sprin
g support. Just put normal support and let the pipe lifting. There are 2 type of
spring support. Variable Spring support and Constant Spring support)
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