SANIMASSYSTEM

ININDONESIA
1
Yuyun ISMAWATI
BALIFOKUS Foundation
Presented at International Year of Sanitation Follow Up Conference
Tokyo, 25-27 January 2010
PROBLEMOVERVIEW
About45%ofthepopulation
liveinurbanareas2020:
about60%
Lackofbasicsanitation
infrastructureendangers
publichealthespeciallyof
vulnerablewomenand
childreninpoorurban
settlements
Publicsanitationutilities
providersfounditincreasingly
difficulttosupplyservicesto
poorsettlements duetosocial
andeconomicbarriers
2
PROBLEMOVERVIEWINFIGURES
75million peopleinIndonesialackofbasicsanitation
Lessthan5%ofthepopulationservedbyconventional
seweragesystems
About19%ofchildrenbelow3deathcasesperyear due
todiarrhea
Theeconomiclosesduetoinadequatesanitationand
sewagetreatmentinfrastructureisestimatedtobe
aboutUS$ 47billionsperyear (about2%fromGDP)
About400septagesludgetreatmentplantsinmany
citiesarenotfunctioningwell
54.16%nonpipedwaterand33.34%ofpipedwaterin
mostofurbancentersarecontaminatedby E.Coli
UMBRELLAPOLICYSIGNED5
MINISTRIES(2003)
Waterandenvironmental
sanitationtypeofservices:
TypeA Institutionalbased:
PDAM,BLUD,private,etc.
TypeB Jointlybased:
neighborhoodscale,managed
bycommunity,connectedto
thecitysystemmanagedby
PDAM/BLUD,etc.
TypeC Communitybased:
managedbycommunity,
infrastructuresprovidedby
governments
COMMUNITYBASEDSANITATION
SANIMAS(SanitasiOlehMasyarakat)
(SANITATIONBYCOMMUNITY)
Sanitationframework(incl.methodology,
technology,organization,operation&
maintenance)thataimstoimprovehygiene
behaviorandsanitationinfrastructure
sustainablemannerinspecific,poorand
denselypopulatedareasandhencereflects
thepreferencesofthetargetcommunities.
CBSSANIMASOBJECTIVES
Toimprovethesanitationconditionofthe
urbanpoorcommunitieswithparticipatory
approach
Topromoteandimplementcommunity
basedsanitationasoneofthecitys
sanitationoptionsbythemunicipality
6
SANITATIONSERVICEOPTIONS AND
LEVELS
Access Level Infrastructure
Type
Infrastructure
Owner
Investment
Decision
Maker
Options for
Service
Operators
Household
Level
Household
infrastructure
(e.g. septic
tanks; VIP or
Pour Flush
latrines)
Private household
ownership
Household
Donors
Government
HH self-provision
Private
NGO
Neighborhood/
Community
Level
Feeder
infrastructure
(e.g. feeder
sewerage;
community
treatment plant)
Private community
good or Community
public good
Community
ownership with
exclusive rights
Government
NGO
Community
(informal or
formally
established)
Government
Donors
NGO
Formal/Informal
Community Mgt.
Private
NGO
Local government
agency
Central
government
agency
Citywide
Level
Trunk
Infrastructure

Public good
Local Government
ownership
Local
Government
PDAM
BPAL
Private


SANIMASFILLSTHEGAP
Costs
C
o
n
v
e
n
i
e
n
t
On On sitesanitation sitesanitation
Conventional sewerage
CBS/SANIMAS
MAINCBSSANIMASOPTIONS
Simplified Sewerage
System
Shared Septic Tank
Community
Sanitation Centre
No SANIMAS YEAR SOURCEOFFUNDS PROVINCE CITY/
REGENCY
LOCATION
S
1 SANIMAS1 2001
2003
AusAID,LocalGovts.
BORDA,communities
2 6 7
2 SANIMAS2 2004 BAPPENAS,LocalGovts.
BORDA,communities
2 7 8
3 SANIMAS3 2005 Min.ofPublicWorks,Local
Govts. BORDA,
communities
4 13 15
4 SANIMAS4 2006 Min.ofPublicWorks,Local
Govts. BORDA,
communities
15 67 79
5 SANIMAS5 2007 Min.ofPublicWorks,Local
Govts. ,Provincialgovts.,
BORDA,communities
17 68 86
6 SANIMAS6 2008 Min.ofPublicWorks,Local
Govts. Provincialgovt.
BORDA,communities
12 61 96
SANIMAS20032008
SANIMASIMPLEMENTATIONSUNTIL2008
Banten
East J ava
West J ava
North Sumatera
Central J ava
South Sulawesi
Yogyakarta
Bali
West Sumatera
NTB
South East
Sulawesi
East Kalimantan
South Kalimantan
Central Kalimantan
NTT
Gorontalo
North Sulawesi
Riau
BangkaBelitung
12
13
SANIMASBENEFICIARIESANDWASTE
WATERTREATEDUNTIL2009
14
Year
No.of
Households
No.
beneficiaries
(populations)
Wastewater
treatedand
discharged
(m3/day)
2003 450 2.558 219
2004 489 2.369 177
2005 898 4.010 253
2006 3.481 15.587 1.200
2007 6.671 33.021 2.387
2008 3.962 28.728 2.112
2009 3.249 24.800 2.381
TOTAL 19.200 111.073 8.729
MULTISOURCESOFFINANCING
Year
Communitycontribution
Local
Government
Provincial
Government
Bappenas/PU BORDA TOTAL
(x1000) (x1000) (x1000) (x1000) (x1000) (x1000)
Inkind Incash Incash Incash Incash
Capacity
building
2003 39.519 41.140. 986.044 448.362 29.073 1.544.139
2004 51.862 32.930 1.008.879 552.825 350.115 200.000 2.196.613
2005 92.920 43.797 1.687.126 856.783 299.182 275.000 3.254.809
2006 502.912 292.912 8.330.124 4.900.000 1.175.000 1.800.600 17.001.548
2007 610.659 382.922 15.538.842 250.000 8.400.000 2.345.000 27.527.425
2008
263.175
394.763 14.866.166 750.000 9.045.000 3.050.000 28.369.105
2009
370.586
336.897 20.298.825 750.000 10.131.355 4.320.000 28.369.105
TOTAL
1.931.633 1.484.221 62.716.006 1.750.000 34.334.325 1.853.370 11.990.600 108.262.744 (x1000IDR)
TOTAL(US$) $207.703 $159.594 $6.743.657 $188.172 $3.691.863 $199.287 $1.289.312 $11.641.155
500%
INCREASED
16
CBS/SANIMASPRINCIPLES
DemandResponsive
Approach
Selfselectionprocess
InformedChoices
Multisourcesof
financing
Participatory
Capacitybuilding
17
DEWATS
(DecentralizedWastewaterTreatmentSystem)
DEWATSismodulartreatment
plant,partofthethemodules have
effectivetechnicalstandard,reliable
and affordable.
DEWATS CHARACTERISTICS
Functioningefficientlyinaffordable
price
Prioritizingtheeasinessfor
maintenance
Noenergyinputrequired
CannotbeturnONoroFF
Shockloadresistant
DEWATS MODULES
Biodigester as settler unit
Septick tank as settler unit
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor unit Anaerobic Filter unit
Horizontal Gravel Filter unit
Aerobic pond unit
INFORMEDCHOICES
Disposal/
Reuse
Component
COMMUNITY-BASED SANITATION
WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM OPTIONS
Treatment
Component
Piping
Component
Toilet Component
Options
Options
Options
Options
Operation &
Maintenance
Component
Options
22
COMPONENT 1:TOILET
Simple
Convenient
Cheap
Expensive
Non
permanent
toiletoutside
thehouse
Permanenttoilet
outsidethehouse
Insidethehouse
23
COMPONENT 2:PIPINGSYSTEM
Simple
Complicated
Openchannel
Simplified
seweragesystem
Conventional
system
Cheap
Expensive
24
COMPONENT 3:TREATMENT
Primary,secondaryand
advancetreatment
Lowefficiency
Highefficiency
Septictank
AnaerobicBaffled
Reactor
Cheap
Expensive
25
RT. 03 RW II, LINGKUNGAN MASJID,
KELURAHAN KAUMAN
KOTA BLITAR
KETERANGAN
IPAL
RUMAH PENDUDUK
MUSHOLA
SEKOLAH
7,7 m
800 0 400 1600 1200 2000
U
1
S
u
n
g
a
i L
a
h
a
r
IPAL
36
31
29
27
8,4 m
30
28
54
P16
11,7 m
56
16,6 m
55
P8
14 m
46
35
5,5 m P9
47
2,7 m
P10
26
25
24
P0
P6
10,63 m
22
23
35 m
1
2
4 3
30 m
32
16 m
33 34
P5
7
5
8
P4
9
6
12,5 m
Design ini dibuat o leh Team DEWATS Project Indonesia
Dilarang memperbanyak t anpa seijin DEWATS Project Indonesia
64
63
51
P12'
57
58
P15 16 m
59 60
49
P10'
50
11,5 m
42
43
P13
61 62
52
53
44
45
12,5 m
J
l . M
a
s
j i d
U
t a
r
a
39
12
38
37
22,3 m
13
11
10
20
P1
40 41
18 19
16 14 15 17
Jl. Arjuna
18.80 m
12,3 m
P2
P3
21
48
13,30 m
P11
P12
P14
P6
A. Suyosin
Romadhon Sukardi Suwardi Munawir
Yatun
/ Agus
Basuki Sundari
Tusiyar
Sunardi
Warsini
Mariah
Anwar
Siti .A
Wagiran
Suparti Rohmi
Widji
Eko HP
Imron
Sofyan
Suwandi
Wakimun
Suwarti
Puryanto
Adib A
Sujono
Purnomo
Edi Suyitno
Seiroji 2
Siti
Umbari II
Lasmi
H. Suyitno
Giono
Mukayat Wariyoto
Sumarlan
Tamyis Nari
Suparman
Kasto Khamid
Eko Pris
Banjar
Toha
Yanuarso Stot Sanjaya
Kemato
Suwarji
Wahyu Imam B Miko Sumini Saniman Budi ono Sutrisno Manirah
Edi L
Supriyono
Rudi
Zaenal F.
Indah
Nurhadi
Seiroji 1
Haryono
Markun Lanjar
Kaswan
Jarno
Umbari I
42
Sugianto
COMMUNITY MAPPING
26
Construction
Pelatihan & Pemberdayaan
Masyarakat
USERS AWARENESSCAMPAIGN
29
30
Pasuruan - I Denpasar - I Blitar - I
Blitar - II
Denpasar - II Denpasar - III
Ingeneral,theupper
structuresarein
goodcondition
Allofthesystem
managedby
Communitybased
Organization
committee
Someofthemused
forpublicspaces
Buleleng- I
INFLUENTANDEFFLUENTQUALITY
31
Pasuruan I Blitar I Denpasar I
Blitar II
INFLUENT
EFFLUEN
T
Denpasar II
EFFLUENT INFLUENT
Denpasar III
OUTLET
INLE
T
BOD5 effluent =<50 mg/l (national standard BOD5 =100 mg/l)
SANIMAS I
Pasuruan
Mojokerto
Kediri
SANIMAS II
MojokertoI ABR5&6
PasuruanII ABR8&9
KediriII AFlast
chamber
SidoarjoII ABR4&5
PamekasanII ABR4
SidoarjoIII ABRlastchamber
ABR&AF
34
OPERATIONAL&MAINTENANCECOST
SIMPLIFIEDSEWERAGESYSTEM FOR1CBSUNITSERVED750P.E
OPERATIONAL&MAINTENANCECOST IDR/month
I.Toilet Responsibilityofeach
household
II.Householdconnection
III.MainpipeandWastewatertreatmentplant
maintenance
1.Operator fees,4timesamonth,@Rp.25.000, /
inspection
100,000.00
2.Desludgingevery2years(Rp.500.000,/24months) 21,000.00
3.Miscellaneous 45,000.00
TotalO&MCost 166,000.00
Retribution/HH/ Month 1,952.94
Rounded 2,000.00
Retribution/HH/ Month US$0,22
35
OPERATIONAL&MAINTENANCECOST
COMMUNITYSANITATIONCENTER FOR250P.E
I. OPERATIONAL&MAINTENANCECOSTS
ITEM REMARKS IDR /MONTH*
1. Operator salary Basedonthecitysstandard 420,000.00
2. Electricity 1300Watt(forwaterpumpand
lightings)
180,000.00
3. Desludgingevery2yrs Rp.500,000,/2years 21,000.00
4. Cleaningutencils Soap,etc. 60,000.00
5. Pumpreparation Rp.100,000, /year 9,000.00
6. Others Miscellaneous 75,000.00
TotalO&MCost 765,000.00
II.REVENUES
FACILITY Rp./Use
1. Bathroom 150 500
2. Toilet 150 500
3. Washingandwateruse 150 500
* Note: 1 Yen = 100 IDR
LESSONSLEARNT
Monitoring:
HealthImpactAssessment(HIA)conductedevery6
monthstheindeximproved upto20%
Monitoringforms(technical,institutions,financing)
submittedeverymonthSANIMASAward
SanitationJamboreewillbeattendedby1000CBOs
members(AKSANSI)andfieldfacilitators
Maintenance:
Minormaintenancedonebycommunity,major
maintenancebearbytherelevantagency
Desludgingservicecoveredbyrelevantagency
Effluentmonitoringdonebyrelevantagency
36
THEWAYFORWARD
2010 2014:opendefecationfreeachievedthrough
theprovisionof5%seweragesystem,5%communal
sanitationsystem,and90%septictanks
Budgetplan:projectedtobeincreasedupto500%of
the2009nationalbudget
Lawenforcement,regulationsandlocalpoliticalwill
Adequatecitysanitationfacilities
Monitoring,evaluationandassetmanagement
issues
Replicabilityinothercountries:India,Philippine,
Zambia(PLOCSAN)
37
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Email: dewats@idola.net.id, www.lptp.or.id
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Tlp/fax: 0274 888273, Email: borda@idola.net.id
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