Compact OutDoor BS21 BTS Maintenance Manual

ZXG10 BS21
Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM

Maintenance Manual
Version 2.2
ZTE CORPORATION
ZTE Plaza, Keji Road South,
Hi-Tech Industrial Park,
Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
P. R. China
518057
Tel: (86) 755 26771900 800-9830-9830
Fax: (86) 755 26772236
URL: http://support.zte.com.cn
E-mail: doc@zte.com.cn

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Copyright 2005 ZTE CORPORATION.

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Revision History
Date Revision No. Serial No. Description
05/17//2005 R1.0 sjzl20051442
05/19/2007 R1.1 sjzl20051442 Updated

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Contents

About this Maintenance Manual ...............................................................xi
Purpose of this Maintenance Manual ........................................................................ xi
Typographical Conventions.....................................................................................xii
Mouse Operation Conventions................................................................................xiii
How to Get in Touch .............................................................................................xiii
Customer Support.................................................................................................................xiii
Documentation Support.........................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1........................................................................................ 1
Maintenance Security.................................................................................1
Overview...............................................................................................................2
Symbol Description.................................................................................................2
Toxic Substances....................................................................................................4
Beryllia ...................................................................................................................................4
Hydrochloride..........................................................................................................................4
Electrical Safety......................................................................................................5
Tools ......................................................................................................................................5
High Voltage ...........................................................................................................................5
Power Cord.............................................................................................................................5
Drilling....................................................................................................................................5
Thunder..................................................................................................................................6
Antistatic ...............................................................................................................6
Storage Battery......................................................................................................7
Short Circuit............................................................................................................................8
Hazardous Gases ....................................................................................................................8
High Temperature...................................................................................................................8
Acid Liquid ..............................................................................................................................8
Storage Battery Replacement ..................................................................................................9
Electromagnetic Radiation .......................................................................................9
Working at Heights ............................................................................................... 10
Hoisting Heavy Objects..........................................................................................................10
Using Ladders .......................................................................................................................10
Fans.................................................................................................................... 11

High Temperature ................................................................................................ 11
Board Plugging/Unplugging ................................................................................... 11
Do-Nots............................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2...................................................................................... 13
Maintenance Overview............................................................................ 13
Categories of Daily Maintenance............................................................................. 14
Common Maintenance Methods ............................................................................. 14
Precautions on Daily Maintenance .......................................................................... 16
Chapter 3...................................................................................... 19
Routine Maintenance .............................................................................. 19
Daily Routine Maintenance .................................................................................... 20
Viewing Current Alarms.........................................................................................................20
Viewing Alarms in Each Module..............................................................................................22
Viewing Current Notification Information ................................................................................25
Viewing Real-time Attributes of a Carrier ................................................................................29
Creating Daily Performance Report.........................................................................................30
Creating a Daily Traffic Report................................................................................................35
Weekly Routine Maintenance................................................................................. 39
Viewing History Alarms..........................................................................................................39
Collecting Alarm Frequency Statistics .....................................................................................44
Analyzing Performance Report ...............................................................................................48
Monthly Routine Maintenance................................................................................ 48
Creating Monthly Performance Report ....................................................................................48
Collecting Statistics of Bad Cells .............................................................................................53
Analyzing and Processing Reports ..........................................................................................57
Generating Monthly Operation Report.....................................................................................58
Biannual Routine Maintenance............................................................................... 58
Checking BS21 AC Power ......................................................................................................59
Checking Running Status of Heat Exchanger...........................................................................60
Checking Dust-Proof Status ...................................................................................................60
Checking Running Status of CMM Module ...............................................................................61
Checking Running Status of ETRM Module..............................................................................64
Checking Running Status of ECDU Module..............................................................................67
Measuring Amplifier Output Power .........................................................................................69
Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder ........................................................................................69
Calibrating Clock ...................................................................................................................71
Checking Fastness of Antennae and Towers............................................................................72
Checking Obliquity of Directional Antennae.............................................................................72
Checking whether Antenna Feeder Connectors and Lightning Protection Grounding Kit are
Waterproof............................................................................................................................74
Checking E1 Interfaces..........................................................................................................75
Checking Antenna Feeder Interfaces ......................................................................................76
Checking Whether Lightning Protection Arrester is in Good Condition.......................................76
Checking whether Grounding Cable is Reliable........................................................................78
Grounding Resistance Test.....................................................................................................78
Checking Running Status of Transmission Equipment..............................................................79
Checking Running Status of UPS............................................................................................79
Chapter 4...................................................................................... 81
Notification and Handling ....................................................................... 81
Summary of Notification Information...................................................................... 82
No Traffic Notification in BS Cell ............................................................................. 82
Chapter 5...................................................................................... 85
Alarms and Handling............................................................................... 85
Summary of Alarms.............................................................................................. 86
CMM Alarms......................................................................................................... 90
CMM Power Failure................................................................................................................90
LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection.......................................................................................91
CMM's FLASH Programming Failure........................................................................................92
HW Long Time Link Disconnection..........................................................................................92
Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms.........................................................................................93
Clock Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK)..................................................................................93
Software Accumulative Frame Number Inconsistent with Hardware Accumulative Frame Number
............................................................................................................................................94
Alarms of Communication Link to Main Rack...........................................................................95
Alarm with Communication Link between Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack.....................95
E1 Carrier Wave Receiving Alarm (A, D and E interfaces) ........................................................96
Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)..........................97
Forward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E interfaces) ........97
Backward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) .....98
Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces) ............99
Backward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces)........100
ETRM Alarm....................................................................................................... 101
Dry Contact Alarm...............................................................................................................101
LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) Alarm..........................................................................................102
Power Alarm for Tower Mounted Amplifier ............................................................................102
AEM SWR Minor Alarm........................................................................................................103
AEM SWR Major Alarm........................................................................................................103
AEM Power Alarm................................................................................................................104
AEM Type Alarm..................................................................................................................104
AEM Not-in-Position Alarm...................................................................................................105
TPUs CHP DSP0 Initialization Failure....................................................................................105

TPUs CHP DSP1~3 Initialization Failure................................................................................106
RFAD6620 Initialization Failure.............................................................................................107
RFAD6620 Resource Unavailable..........................................................................................107
CIP Resource Unavailable ....................................................................................................108
TPUs FLASH MEMORY Error.................................................................................................109
WATCHDOG Overflow in TPUs CHP DSP0.............................................................................109
WATCHDOG Overflow in TPUs CHP DSP1~3........................................................................110
WATCHDOG Overflow in FUC...............................................................................................111
Parameter Configuration Error in TPUs Channel 0~7 ............................................................111
Inconsistent Cell Parameter Configuration.............................................................................112
Inconsistent FUC Software Versions .....................................................................................112
Inconsistent CHP Software Versions .....................................................................................113
Temporary No Response from FUCs L3 Software..................................................................113
Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC....................................................................114
Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC .............................................................115
TPUs CIP Initialization Failure ..............................................................................................116
CIP Parameter Configuration Error .......................................................................................116
WATCHDOG Overflow in TPUs CIP.......................................................................................117
Inconsistent CIP Software Versions ......................................................................................117
Alarm with Clock between TPU and CMM..............................................................................118
TPU Power Alarm................................................................................................................119
TPU Frame Number Alarm...................................................................................................119
Receiving RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock ..................................................................120
Transmitting RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out of Lock..............................................................121
52 M Reference Clock PLL Out of Lock..................................................................................121
Transmitting IF Local Oscillator PLL Out of Lock.....................................................................122
PA Voltage SWR Alarm........................................................................................................123
PA Overheat Minor Alarm.....................................................................................................123
PA Overheat Major Alarm....................................................................................................124
PA Output Power Alarm.......................................................................................................124
PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Over-voltage Alarm.........................................................125
PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Under-voltage Alarm.......................................................125
DLRC_AL Downward Link Check Error..................................................................................126
Chapter 6....................................................................................127
Troubleshooting.................................................................................... 127
Summary of Common Problems .......................................................................... 128
List of Major Faults.............................................................................................. 129
Troubleshooting Procedure of Components Failures ............................................... 129
Troubleshooting at BS Commissioning Stage......................................................... 130
BS Works Normally but Mobile Phone Has no Signals or Cannot Access Network....................130
Handling of SWR Major Alarms.............................................................................................132
Poor Conversation Quality at BS...........................................................................................134
Troubleshooting in BS Maintenance Stage............................................................. 137
Shrinkage of BS Coverage ...................................................................................................137
Cell Carrier not Occupied .....................................................................................................140
LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier............................................................................................142
BS in Normal Status but BS Handover Is Abnormal...............................................................147
Handling Lightning-Stricken BS Faults ..................................................................................149
MS Signal is not Stable in Idle State.....................................................................................151
Unstable MS Signal in Conversation......................................................................................153
TCH Assigned with Low Success Ratio and Calls Are Difficult to Get through...........................154
MS Echo during Conversation...............................................................................................156
Troubleshooting in BS Cutover and Expansion Stages............................................ 158
Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls..........................................................................................158
SDCCH Occupied too Long...................................................................................................160
Call Drop Rate in Cell Rises Suddenly ...................................................................................163
Chapter 7....................................................................................167
Collection of Maintenance Experience.................................................. 167
Reference for Wireless Parameters Adjustment during Commissioning .................... 168
Adjusting List of Adjacent Cells and List of Carrier-Sense Frequencies ....................................168
Adjusting Wireless Parameters.............................................................................................170
Others ................................................................................................................................171
Analysis of Bird928 Mobile Phones Failure to Access Network................................. 172
Configuration Method for Intra-Cell Handover ....................................................... 174
Appendix A.................................................................................175
Replacement of Modules and Parts...................................................... 175
Overview........................................................................................................... 175
CMM Replacement.............................................................................................. 176
ETRM Replacement............................................................................................. 177
AEM Replacement............................................................................................... 178
PSM Replacement............................................................................................... 179
Power Lightning Protection Module Replacement ................................................... 180
Backplane Replacement ...................................................................................... 181
Heat Exchanger Replacement .............................................................................. 182
Trunk Cable Replacement.................................................................................... 183
RF Cable Replacement ........................................................................................ 184
Antenna Feeder Lightning Arrester replacement .................................................... 185
Cabinet-Bottom 1/2 Soft Jumper Replacement...................................................... 187
Tower Top 1/2 Soft Jumper Replacement ............................................................ 188
Feeder Connectors Replacement .......................................................................... 190

Tower Amplifier Replacement .............................................................................. 191
Antenna Replacement......................................................................................... 192
Appendix B.................................................................................195
Common Maintenance Tables............................................................... 195
Daily Maintenance Record Table........................................................................... 195
Weekly Maintenance Record Table ....................................................................... 196
Monthly Maintenance Record Table ...................................................................... 197
Biannual Maintenance Record Table ..................................................................... 198
Emergency Failure Record Table .......................................................................... 199
Appendix C .................................................................................201
Use of Common Instruments and Meters ............................................ 201
SAGEM (OT35) Test Mobile Phone........................................................................ 201
Basic Functions ...................................................................................................................201
Operation Description..........................................................................................................202
Engineering Test Mode of ZTE289 Mobile Phone.................................................... 211
Key Description...................................................................................................................211
How to Enter Engineering Mode ...........................................................................................211
How to Close Engineering Mode ...........................................................................................211
Instructions of Engineering Mode Menu................................................................................211
BIRD Power Meter .............................................................................................. 214
BIRD Power Meter Components...........................................................................................214
Usage.................................................................................................................................215
HP8954E Spectrum Analyzer ............................................................................... 217
Components .......................................................................................................................218
Usage.................................................................................................................................218
Antenna Feeder Tester (SITE MASTER S332B)...................................................... 222
Procedure for Testing SWR ..................................................................................................222
Test Procedure of DTF .........................................................................................................223
Appendix D.................................................................................225
Operation Maintenance Quality Indexes of Certain Telecom Network
(Wireless Part)...................................................................................... 225
Abbreviations.............................................................................227
Figures........................................................................................233
Tables .........................................................................................235

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xi
About this Maintenance
Manual

ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Base Station Transceiver Station Maintenance Manual
describes maintenance safety, routine maintenance items and methods,
handling of alarm and notification information, handling of common faults
and maintenance experience of the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2). The manual
serves as a reference manual in the maintenance and fault handling of the
ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) equipment.
The complete set of manuals is listed below:
ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Guide to
Documentation
ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Technical Manual
ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Hardware Manual
ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) Compact Outdoor BTS for GSM Installation Manual
Purpose of this Maintenance
Manual
Chapter 1, Maintenance Security, presents the meanings of the signs used
in this manual. It also covers some safety precautions related to the
installation procedure, such as precautions against high voltage,
thunderstorms and overhead operations.
Chapter 2, Maintenance Overview, introduces daily maintenance
categories, common maintenance methods and some precautions on
maintenance of ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) base station controllers.
Chapter 3, Routine Maintenance, explains routine maintenance items of
the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) base station controller equipment and details
instrument requirements, check methods and fault handling of individual
maintenance items; among them, the version of the OMCR interface
diagram is the software OMCRV2.52.02a for the time being.

xii Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Chapter 4, Notification and Handling, provides notification messages
related to the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) base station controller in the ZXG10-
BSS base station subsystem so that the system maintenance personnel
can have a clear understanding of notification messages in the system,
including meanings causes and handling of notification messages.
Chapter 5, Alarms and Handling, covers the alarm information in the
ZXG10-BSS Base Station Subsystem related to ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2), in
order for system maintenance personnel to have a clear idea about the
alarm messages given by the system, including their meaning, cause and
way of handling.
Chapter 6, Troubleshooting, gives an introduction to the universal
methods for the common faults of the ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2), including fault
symptoms, source, analysis, location and troubleshooting.
Chapter 7, Collection of Maintenance Experience, provides some
experience derived from project maintenance for your reference.
Appendix A, Replacement of Modules and Parts, describes the procedure
for and precautions on the replacement of modules and backplanes.
Appendix B, Common Maintenance Tables, lists forms used in routine
maintenance.
Appendix C, Use of common Instruments and Meters, introduces the
instructions on common instruments and meters used for maintaining the
ZXG10 BS21 (V2.2) transceiver station.
Appendix D, Operation Maintenance Quality Indexes of Certain Telecom
Network (Wireless Part), describes the telecommunication network
operation maintenance quality indexes (wireless part) as required by a
certain carrier for your reference.
Typographical Conventions
ZTE documents employ the following typographical conventions.
TAB L E 1 TYPOGRAPHI CAL CONVENTI ONS
Typeface Meaning
Italics References to other guides and documents; parameter values
Quotes Links on screens
Bold Menus, menu options, input fields, radio button names, check
boxes, drop-down lists, dialog box names, window names
Bold, with first
letter capitalized
Keys on the keyboard and buttons on screens and company
name
Cons t ant wi dt h
Text that you type, program code, files and directory names,
and function names

About this Maintenance Manual
Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION xiii
Typeface Meaning
[ ] Optional parameters
{ } Mandatory parameters
| Select one of the parameters that are delimited by it

Note: Provides additional information about a certain topic

Checkpoint: Indicates that a particular step needs to be checked
before proceeding further

Tip: Indicates a suggestion or hint to make things easier or
more productive for the reader
Mouse Operation Conventions
TAB L E 2 MOUSE OPERATI ON CONVENTI ONS
Typeface Meaning
Click Refers to clicking the primary mouse button (usually the left
mouse button) once.
Double-click Refers to quickly clicking the primary mouse button (usually the
left mouse button) twice.
Right-click Refers to clicking the secondary mouse button (usually the right
mouse button) once.
Drag Refers to pressing and holding a mouse button and moving the
mouse.

How to Get in Touch
The following sections provide information on how to obtain support for
the documentation and the software.
Customer Support
If you have problems, questions, comments, or suggestions regarding
your product, contact us by e-mail at support@zte.com.cn. You can also
call our customer support center at (86) 755 26771900 and (86) 800-
9830-9830.
Documentation Support
ZTE welcomes your comments and suggestions on the quality and
usefulness of this document. For further questions, comments, or

xiv Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
suggestions on the documentation, you can contact us by e-mail at
doc@zte.com.cn; or you can fax your comments and suggestions to (86)
755 26772236. You can also explore our website at
http://support.zte.com.cn, which contains various interesting subjects like
documentation, knowledge base, forum and service request.

Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION 1
Ch a p t e r 1
Maintenance Security

In this chapter, you will learn about:
Safety regulations to be observed
Instructions on the safety symbols

2 Confidential and Proprietary Information of ZTE CORPORATION
Overview
To avoid any accident, please carefully read safety instructions in this
chapter before conducting any maintenance operation on the ZXG10 BS21
(V2.2) device. If there are local safety specifications to be followed, the
safety instructions here shall only serve as a supplement to the local
safety specifications. If there is any conflict between them, the local safety
specifications shall prevail.
Maintenance personnel of the ZTE BS21 (V2.2) device should have the
basic safe operation knowledge, pass the relevant technical training,
correctly grasp the device operation and maintenance methods as well as
obtain the corresponding qualification.
During operation and maintenance on the ZTE BS21 (V2.2) device, please
strictly observe the equipment precautions and special safety instructions
provided by ZTE Corporation.
In addition, the safety instructions listed in this manual are only those
calling for special attentions of users provided by ZTE. ZTE Corporation
shall not be liable for any behavior against the general safe operation
requirements or against the safety standards for the design, production
and use of the equipment.
Symbol Description
Safety symbols quoted in this manual are shown in Table 3, prompting
users to follow safety instructions during equipment maintenance.
TAB L E 3 SAFETY SI GNS
Safety Signs Meaning

Danger: Indicates an imminently hazardous situation, which if
not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. This signal
word should be limited to only extreme situations.

Warning: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if
not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.

Caution: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. It may also
be used to alert against unsafe practices.

Note: Indicates a potentially hazardous situation, which if not
avoided, could result in injuries, equipment damage or
interruption of services.

Erosion: Beware of erosion.

Chapter 1 - Maintenance Security
Safety Signs Meaning

Electric shock: There is a risk of electric shock.

Electrostatic: The device may be sensitive to static electricity.

Microwave: Beware of strong electromagnetic field.

Laser: Beware of strong laser beam.

No flammables: No flammables can be stored.

No touching: Do not touch.

No smoking: Smoking is forbidden.

Among them, universal alarm symbol adopts four grades. Based on
the descending order of the danger degree, they are: danger, warning,
caution and notes. Their respective formats and meanings are described
as below.
Danger: This sign means that personal death or major accidents such as
equipment damage or breakdown may occur if you ignore this safety warning.

Warning: This sign means that there may be a major or serious accident,
equipment damage or interruption of key services if you ignore this safety warning.

Caution: This sign means that serious injury or death, equipment damage or
interruption of some services may occur if you ignore this safety warning.

Notes: This sign means that an injury, equipment damage or interruption of local
services may occur if you ignore this safety warning.

To the right of a safety sign is a text indicating its safety level. Under the
sign is the detailed safety description.

Toxic Substances
Beryllia
Warning: Beryllia is a type of toxic chemical existing in the transistor and other
components. The power amplifier circuit and AEM circuit in the base station contain
Beryllia, so it is advised not to touch these components directly under any
circumstances.

Beryllium oxide dusts may be produced when a component containing
beryllium oxide is broken, frictionized or bruised. They may seriously hurt
human skin and membrane even life safety.
Beryllium oxide may hurt human bodies only when components containing
beryllium oxide are damaged. Therefore, be sure to take care when
replacing or handling such components and boards and avoid any
mechanical damage.
Do not discard components containing beryllium oxide randomly. Please
observe local regulations to make chemical treatment or special waste
material treatment for components containing beryllium oxide.
If you suspect that beryllium oxide has entered your skin or been
absorbed in your body, please thoroughly rinse the skin wound with water
and then see the doctor immediately.
The personnel contacting or handing such components should understand
the characteristics of such components and take the corresponding
preventive measures.
Hydrochloride
Warning: Chemicals containing hydrochloride have to be used in some
components of the BS21 (V2.2) device. Burning these components will generate
toxic gas.

Do not burn the components and take preventive measures to avoid
inhaling toxic gas.
Do not discard components containing hydrochloride randomly. Please
observe local regulations to make chemical treatment or special waste
material treatment for components containing hydrochloride.

Electrical Safety
Tools
Warning: Be sure to use special tools rather than common tools for high-voltage
and AC operations.

High Voltage
Danger: High voltage is hazardous. Direct or indirect contact with high voltage or
mains supply through a wet object could result in fatal danger.

Do follow the local safety regulations to install any AC power equipment.
Personnel who that installs AC devices must be qualified for high-voltage
and AC operations.
During operation, it is strictly forbidden to wear any conductive articles
such as watch, chain and ring.
Please prevent water from entering the equipment during operation and
maintenance in damp environments.
Power Cord
Notes: Do not install or remove power cables with power on. Contact of the power
cable with any conductor will generate electric spark or electric arc, which may
cause fire or eye injury.

Do turn off the power supply before connecting or disconnecting a power
cable.
Before connection, make sure the connecting cable and its label suit the
actual installation requirements.
Drilling
Warning: It is not allowed to drill the cabinet without permission.

Unqualified drilling could damage the wiring and cables inside the cabinet.
Additionally, metal pieces inside the cabinet created by the drilling could
result in a shorted circuit board.
When it is necessary to drill holes in the cabinet in some special cases,
please wear insulated protective gloves and move away the cables in the

cabinet before drilling. Take care to protect your eyes during drilling.
Flying metal scraps may harm your eyes. In addition, please promptly
clean and clear metal scraps after drilling.
Thunder
Danger: Operations concerned with high-voltage, AC, iron tower or mast are
strictly forbidden in thunderstorms.

Thunderstorms would give rise to a strong electromagnetic field in the
atmosphere. So, the equipment should be earthed and protected in time
against lightning strike.
Antistatic
Notes: The static electricity produced by the human body could damage the static-
sensitive components on the circuit board, such as large-scale integrated circuits
(IC).

Friction caused by human bodys activities is a source of accumulation of
static charge. When it is dry, the static voltage a human body carries may
be as high as 30kV, and may stay a long while. An operator with static
may cause damage to a device when in touch with it due to the discharge
from the device.
To avoid any damage to sensitive devices by human body static, an
operator should wear an antistatic wrist strap before touching devices,
plug-in boards, circuit boards and IC chips, and well ground the other end
of the antistatic wrist strap.
The cable between the wrist and the ground must be connected in series
with a more than 1M ohm resistance to protect operators from electric
shock. The static discharge from a 1M ohm-plus resistance is sufficiently
low.
Check the antistatic wrist strap regularly. Do not replace the cable of the
wrist strap with any other cable.
Static-sensitive board should not be in touch with any objects carrying
static electricity or easy to generate static electricity. For example, friction
of the package, conveyor box and conveyor belt made of insulation
materials will make the components statically electrified. These
components will discharge static electricity when touching human body or
the ground, thus being damaged.
Static-sensitive boards can only touch high quality discharging materials
such as static-protective packages. Use static-protective packages on
boards during storage and transportation.

Discharge the static electricity before connecting a measurement device
with a board. The measurement device should first be grounded.
Keep boards at least 10cm away from strong DC magnetic fields such as
the cathode-ray tube of a monitor.
Figure 1 shows how to properly put on antistatic wrist straps.
FI GURE 1 CORRECTL Y PUTTI NG ON ANTI STATI C WRI ST STRAP

Storage Battery
If the BS21 is equipped with UPS, please pay due attention to the correct
use and maintenance of storage batteries.
Danger: Before battery-related operations, make sure you have carefully read the
safety precautions on carrying the battery and learned the correct battery
connection method.

Nonstandard operations on the battery will result in great danger. During
operation, short circuit or electrolyte spill/ drain of the batteries must be
prevented, As electrolyte spill will pose potential threat to the equipment
and erode the metal objects and circuit boards, thus damaging the
equipment and causing short circuits to the circuit board.
To ensure safety, please pay attentions to the following points before
battery installation and maintenance:

1. Handle the battery with care. Do not vibrate it violently.
2. Do not wear any object that contains metal, such as watch, chain,
bangle or ring.
3. Use special-purpose insulation tools.
4. Use eye-protecting devices and take preventive measures.
5. Use rubber gloves and aprons that protect against electrolyte overflow.
6. Always keep the front of the pole up during battery transportation. Do
not put it upside down or tilted.
Short Circuit
Danger: Battery short circuit may harm human bodies. Although battery voltage is
generally low, the transient current caused by short circuits will release high
energy.

Prevent metal objects from causing short circuit to the battery, such as
short circuits caused by improper use of operation tools. If allowed, please
first stop battery power supply before making other operations.
Hazardous Gases
Danger: Do not use unsealed LA batteries. Gases released by batteries may burn
or corrode the equipment. Batteries should be fixed and horizontally placed.

Batteries may release inflammable gases during working. Keep sound
ventilation and take fireproof measures where the batteries are placed. To
prevent high temperature caused by exposure to sunlight, windows of the
battery room should be installed with sun shields.
High Temperature
Danger: High temperature may distort and damage the battery or cause overflow
of acid liquid.

If the battery temperature is higher than 60
o
C, check whether there is any
acid liquid overflow.
If the acid liquid overflows, handle it promptly and properly.
Acid Liquid
Danger: If the acid liquid overflows, promptly and properly absorb and neutralize
the liquid.

When moving a leaking battery, pay attention to potential harms that may
be caused by the acid liquid. Once acid liquid overflow is detected, the
following materials may be used to absorb and neutralize the liquid:
NaHCO
3
, Na
2
CO
3
and Na
2
CO
3
-10H
2
O.
Use manufacturer-recommended materials to absorb and neutralize the
acid liquid.
Storage Battery Replacement
After the storage battery group has run for a long time, its internal
resistance of one or more monomers will increase due to drifting of its
internal parameters. If serious, the monomer becomes an old battery. The
common preventative method and solution to this problem is to recharge
the batter group with high voltage so as to activate its interior. In some
cases, one monomer still cannot be activated after times of recharges, so
it cannot be used any longer and need be replaced.
Since the battery production conditions of different types, batches and by
different manufacturers are different, the internal parameters must be
different too. Therefore, it is required that the monomers of the battery
group should be of the same type, batch and from the same manufacturer
when it is replaced. In this way it is ensured that the parameters are
consistent and the battery group can be used for a long time.
Danger: Operation and maintenance personnel should not replace the specified
batteries with ones of different types. Otherwise, explosions may occur.
Electromagnetic Radiation
Since the antenna of operating equipment generates electromagnetic
radiation, if you are too close to the antenna, your safety may be
endangered. The equipment can be installed and maintained only by
professionals with adequate training and relevant qualifications. The
radiation design of the equipment complies with the IEEE C95.1-1991
standard.
Warning: The high intensity microwave may affect your body health when you
operate on the high-intensity RF equipment.

When close installation and maintenance operations are conducted to a
certain antenna in an iron tower or mast mounted with many transmitter
antennas, collaboration must be prepared so that the transmitter of the
antenna is shut down.
Warning: When conducting installation and servicing operations around the
operating antenna, keep adequate distance from the antenna.

Do not unplug the connector of the transmitter output feeder or of the
antenna feeder cable when the transmitter is operating.
Power off the corresponding transmitter when you need to unplug the
connector of the feeder cable or to work beside the transmitter antenna.
Working at Heights
Warning: When working at heights, take care to prevent objects from falling.

Working at heights should conform to the related national service
regulation requirements:
Operators working at heights must have been specially trained.
Take care of the operation machinery and tools to prevent them from
falling.
Take safety precautions, and wear helmet and safety belt.
In cold areas, wear cold-protection clothes before working at heights.
Before working at heights, check all hoisting equipment.
Hoisting Heavy Objects
Warning: Do not walk about right under the boom and hoisted objected when
heavy objects are hoisted.

When disassembling heavy equipment, or moving and replacing
equipment, make sure there are facilities of proper hoisting capability.
Personnel engaged in the hoisting work must have received relevant
trainings. The tools used for hoisting must have been inspected to ensure
they are tightly fixed on the weight-bearing object or the wall. Use brief
hoisting commands to prevent misoperations.
Using Ladders
Before using ladders, make sure they are in good condition and can be
used through inspection. Over-weight is forbidden during the use of
ladders.
When a ladder tilts more than 5 meters, or a straight two-foot ladder tilts
over 3 meters or when operations are conducted in a dangerous
environment, it is required to have the ladder supported or take other
security measures. A-shape ladders should be fully unfolded when used.

The proper tilt angle for ladders is 75; the broader foot should always be
put downside or protective measures be taken at the bottom of the ladder
to prevent sliding. Ladders should be put at steady places instead of on
carton boxes, stones or other slippery objects.
Ladder-climbers should face the ladder; when working on tilted ladders,
they should keep their body barycenter within the edges of the ladder. It
is advisable to hold the ladder tightly with one hand and two feet stepping
fast, that is to say, with 3 parts of the body in contact with the ladder to
ensure security and reduce risks. It is suggested that the last 4 rails
should be left un-mounted as the limit of the climbing height. If work need
be carried out on the roof, the ladder should be at least 1 meter higher
than the eaves against which the ladder leans.
Fans
Warning:
Keep your fingers or body off any dangerous parts of the fan that is still
running.
Make sure not to stick your fingers or any tool into the running fan in case any
damage or injury done to the device or the human body.

While replacing the related parts, be sure to put away the parts, screws
and tools. Make sure they will not fall into the working fan and damage the
fan or related devices.
When replacing the devices around the fan, do not put your finger or a
board in the fan, to avoid damage to the equipment or your finger.
High Temperature
Warning: The surface temperature of some devices is quite high, so do not touch
them in case of being scalded.

Board Plugging/Unplugging
Notes:
Never plug a board too hard, so as not to deform the pins on the backplane.
Plug a board along the slot to avoid short circuit due to touch with the circuit of
the adjacent board.

When holding a board, keep your hands off the board circuit, components,
connectors and cable trough.
Do-Nots
Notes: Do not perform maintenance or debugging inside the equipment, unless a
qualified person is present for your help.

Replacing any parts or altering the equipment might result in unexpected
danger. Therefore, be sure not to replace any parts or alter the equipment
unless otherwise authorized.
To ensure your safety, if you have any question, please contact ZTE
Corporation.

Ch a p t e r 2
Maintenance Overview

Categories of daily maintenance
Common maintenance methods
Precautions on daily maintenance

Categories of Daily Maintenance
Daily maintenance of the BS21 (V2.2) device can be divided into routine
maintenance, handling of notification information and alarm information as
well as troubleshooting.
1. Routine maintenance
Routine maintenance refers to daily and periodic maintenance to check
the running conditions of the equipment periodically and handle faults
in time. The routine maintenance is intended to find hidden troubles,
prevent accidents, locate faults in time and handle faults as early as
possible.
2. Notification information handling
Notification information handling refers to a process ranging from the
analysis of various notification messages arising from the running of
the system, judgment on whether there is anything abnormal to
appropriate handling.
3. Alarm information handling
Alarm information handling refers to the process ranging from the
analysis of various alarm messages that occur during the running of
the system, judgment on whether there is anything abnormal to
appropriate handling.
4. Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is a process of analyzing, handling and resolving any
fault that is discovered.
Common Maintenance Methods
Some methods need to be adopted to locate faults during daily
maintenance. The common maintenance methods are as follows:
1. Alarm and operation log view
Alarm and operation log view is the first method to be adopted when a
fault is detected by maintenance personnel. It is implemented through
the alarm management and operation log view interface of the BSS
operation & maintenance subsystem OMCR.
Through the alarm management interface, we can observe and analyze
alarm messages reported from each NE such as the current alarm,
history alarm and general notification. In this way, we can detect any
fault during network running in time and then locate, isolate and
remove it.
By viewing operation logs in user management, we can investigate
modifications on system parameters, locate the relevant responsible
terminal and operator as well as detect faults caused by individual
operations in time.

Chapter 2 - Maintenance Overview
2. Indicator status analysis
Indicator status analysis is a frequently adopted method when a fault
is detected by maintenance personnel. With this method, we can locate
and remove faults by observing the indicator status on each board
panel in the rack.
This method requires maintenance personnel to be familiar with the
indicator status and meaning of each board.
3. Performance analysis
It is implemented through the performance management interface of
the BSS operation & maintenance subsystem OMCR. Through this
interface, maintenance personnel can implement performance
management and signaling tracing on the BSS system.
Through the performance management interface, users can create all
kinds of performance measurement tasks, product various
performance reports and grasp the performance indexes of the BSS
system, such as the traffic of each cell, congestion situation of SDCCH
and TCH, successful and failed switchover. By analyzing such
information, maintenance personnel can discover load allocation
situation in the network in time so as to adjust network parameters to
enhance network performances.
Through the signaling tracing interface, we can trace signaling involved
in BSS (including Gb interface signaling), thus facilitating consulting of
different signaling flows in the debugging and maintenance processes
as well as detecting problems in the signaling cooperation process.
4. Analyzing with instruments and meters
This method allows maintenance personnel to locate, analyze and
remove faults with the testing mobile, frequency spectrograph,
signaling analyzer, power meter and site master during base station
maintenance.
5. Plugging and pressing
When detecting a board fault, we can loosen the fixation screw in the
front panel and plug or unplug the board and external interface
connector. In this way, we can remove faults caused by poor contact
or processor faults.
In addition, we can also remove faults caused by poor contact by
pressing the cable connector after power-off.
6. Comparing and swapping
Comparing indicates to compare a possible faulty board with a board at
the similar position in the system (for example: a board at the same
slot in a multi-module system) from aspects such as the running status,
jumper and connection cables. We can judge whether the board fails
through comparison.
Swapping indicates to replace a possible faulty board with a standby
part or another board of the same type running normally in the system.
We can judge whether the board actually fails according to whether the
fault disappears after board replacement. It should be noted that no
matter the comparison or replacement method is adopted, the board

unplugging/plugging operation should be performed in accordance with
the relevant description in Appendix A of this manual.
7. Isolating
When a part of the system fails, it can be isolated from other relevant
boards or racks to judge whether the fault is caused by mutual
influence. For example, the often-used isolating method is to remove
CMM module or transmission faults by self-looping the E1 interface of
the CMM module.
8. Self-test method
It refers to fault judgment through self-test after the system or module
is powered on again. Generally, by powering on common modules for
self-test, we can find the indicators on the panel will flash regularly,
from which we can judge whether there are any problems in the
modules.
Generally, during actual operation, the above methods and accumulated
experiences of maintenance personnel are combined to remove faults in
the maintenance process.
Precautions on Daily
Maintenance
Please pay attention to the following points during daily maintenance:
1. Normal temperature, humidity and a clean and tidy environment
should be kept for the equipment room, and the equipment room
should be dampproof and free of dust, rodents and insects.
2. The primary power of the system should be stable and reliable.
Periodic check should be performed on the system ground and
lightning-protection ground. Especially before thunderstorm seasons
and after thunderstorms, the lightning-protection system should be
checked to guarantee that the facilities are in sound conditions.
3. A perfect equipment room maintenance system should be formulated
to standardize daily work of the maintenance personnel. Detailed logs
should be prepared to record the daily running, version, data change,
upgrade and troubleshooting of the system for the convenience of fault
analysis and handling. In addition, shift records should be made to
differentiate individual responsibilities.
4. It is prohibited to play online games or surf on the Internet at the PC
terminal or install, operate or copy any software irrelevant to the
system in the PC terminal. It is forbidden to use PC terminals for other
purposes.
5. Right-based NMS (Network Management System) passwords should be
set, managed strictly and modified periodically. Such passwords are
available to the maintenance personnel only.

Chapter 2 - Maintenance Overview
6. The maintenance personnel should be trained to have certain
knowledge about the equipment and the related network. Maintenance
should be performed in accordance with specifications stipulated in
related manuals of the BS21 (V2.2) device. Antistatic wrist straps
should be worn before touching equipment hardware to avoid any
accident due to artificial factors. The maintenance personnel should be
strict and careful at their work, have high maintenance proficiency and
improve their maintenance skills through continuous study.
7. It is forbidden to plug, reset, upload or modify data randomly, let alone
modify the data in the NM database. It is necessary to back up the
data before modification. After data modification, it is necessary to
confirm the equipment concerned runs normally within a certain time
(normally one week) before the backup data can be deleted. Relevant
records should be made for data modification.
8. Frequently-used tools and instruments should be prepared in the
equipment room, such as screw drivers (straight and cross), signaling
tester, network cable pincers, multimeter, AC power for maintenance
purposes, telephone lines, network cables, antistatic wrist straps,
insulation tapes and common tool kits. Periodical detection of the
instruments and meters should be performed to ensure their accuracy.
9. Frequent checks should be performed on spare parts and components
to ensure their inventory and perfect conditions (free from damp and
mould, for instance). Spare parts and components should be placed
separately from those bad ones replaced during maintenance, and
labels should be available for distinction. Common spare parts and
components should be replenished in time when used up.
10. Software and documents that may be used during maintenance should
be put in a designated place nearby for the convenience of timely use.
11. Lighting in the equipment room should meet the requirements for
maintenance. Any damaged lamps should be repaired in time. There
should be no blind lighting angle to avoid any inconvenience in
maintenance.
12. Handle any detected fault as soon as possible. In case of a fault that
cannot be handled, please contact the local ZTE office in time.
The contact means of the local ZTE office should be placed in a striking
place and be notified to all maintenance personnel for the convenience of
timely contact in need of support. Remember to update it for the latest
contact information.


Ch a p t e r 3
Routine Maintenance

Daily routine maintenance
Weekly routine maintenance
Monthly routine maintenance
Biannual routine maintenance

Daily Routine Maintenance
Table 4 is a checklist for daily routine maintenance of the BTS (V2.2).
TAB L E 4 DAI L Y ROUTI NE MAI NTENANCE CHECK L I ST
Category Check Items Remarks
Viewing the current alarms Refer to section Viewing Current Alarms
Viewing alarms in each
module
Refer to section Viewing Alarms in Each
Module
Viewing the current
notification information
Refer to section Viewing Current
Notification Information
Viewing the Real-time
attributes of a carrier
Refer to section Viewing Real-time
Attributes of a Carrier
Creating a daily performance
report
Refer to section Creating Daily
Performance Report
Checking the
running state
of the active
equipment
Creating a daily traffic report
Refer to section Creating a Daily Traffic
Report

Viewing Current Alarms
[Instruments and meters]
View the current alarms through the alarm management interface at the
OMCR client end.
[Test procedure]
1. Double click to start the OMCR client-end application program.
2. Enter correct user name and password at the prompt, and click <OK>
to enter the OMCR main interface, as shown in Figure 2.

Chapter 3 - Routine Maintenance
FI GURE 2 OMCR MAI N I NTERFACE

3. Select [Fault Management-->Alarm Management] in the OMCR main
interface and enter the main interface of alarm management, as shown
in Figure 3.
FI GURE 3 AL A RM MANAGEMENT MAI N I NTERFACE

Notes: This interface is the logic view of alarm management. On the left part of
the interface is a navigation tree which shows the current configuration information.
A list of alarms not recovered yet is on the upper right of the interface, and a
notification list on the lower right part.

4. In the logic view interface of alarm management, click a site, a cell, a
carrier or a channel to be viewed in the left navigation tree, and then
the current alarms for the selected object will be shown in the list on
the right. See Figure 4.
FI GURE 4 DI SPL AY OF CURRENT AL ARMS ON A SI TE

[Normal result]
No alarms on the site are displayed in the logic view interface of alarm
management.
[Troubleshooting]
Perform troubleshooting with reference to Chapter 5 Alarm Information
and Troubleshooting.
[Precautions]
For more information about alarm viewing, please refer to ZXG10-BSS
(V2.0) Subsystem Operation Manual.
Viewing Alarms in Each Module
View alarms of various boards through alarm management at the OMCR
client end.
[Test procedure]
1. Double click to start the application program at the OMCR client end.

2. Enter the user name and password according to the screen prompt to
enter the OMCR main interface.
3. Select [Fault Management --> Alarm Management] in the OMCR main
interface and enter the main interface of alarm management.
4. Select [View-->Physical View] in the alarm management interface, as
shown in Figure 5.
FI GURE 5 SEL ECTI ON I NTERFACE FOR AL ARM MANAGEMENT PHYSI CAL VI EW

5. Click [Physical View] to enter the interface of the physical rack, as
shown in Figure 6.
FI GURE 6 AL A RM MANAGEMENT PHYSI CAL VI EW I NTERFACE

6. Click a BTS rack to be viewed in the left navigation tree to enter the
interface displaying the physical rack, as shown in Figure 7.
FI GURE 7 PHYSI CAL RACK DI SPL AY I NTERFACE

This interface shows whether there are alarms in each module. The
color of the round status indicator on the board indicates whether a
module is faulty or normal.
Note: Color indications are illustrated in the diagram on right side of the rack view.
If alarms occur in a module, the alarm indicator is on in the color indicative of
the highest alarm class.
The indictor keeps flashing when unconfirmed alarms exist in a module. It does
not stop until all alarms are confirmed.

7. Click module containing alarms, and an alarm query box pops up, as
shown in Figure 8. It provides detailed alarm information of the module.
FI GURE 8 VI EWI NG CURRENT AL ARMS OF A BOARD

[Normal result]
Indicators on all the boards are in green on the alarm management rack
view, showing that all boards are working normally and no alarm occurs.
[Troubleshooting]
Perform troubleshooting with reference to Chapter 5 Alarm Information
and Troubleshooting.
[Precautions]
For more information of viewing alarms, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS
Subsystem Operation Manual.
Viewing Current Notification Information
View the current notification information of a cell through alarm
management at the OMCR client end.
[Test procedure]
2. Enter the username and password according to the screen prompt and
then enter the OMCR main interface.
3. Select [Fault Manage --> Alarm Management] in the OMCR main
4. Select the menu [File --> Alarm History Query] in the alarm
management interface, as shown in Figure 9.
FI GURE 9 AL A RM MANAGEMENT AL ARM HI STORY QUERY I NTERFACE

5. Click [Alarm History Query] to enter the alarm query wizard as shown
in Figure 10.
FI GURE 10 AL ARM QUERY WI ZARD DI AL OG BOX

6. Select <Information> in [Alarm Type], and specify the Start Time and
End Time in [Interval] (the start time and the end time should be on
the same day). Please see Figure 11.
FI GURE 11 AL ARM QUERY WI ZARD I NTERFACE

7. Click <Next> to enter the Alarm Query Wizard dialog box, as shown in
Figure 12.
FI GURE 12 AL ARM QUERY WI ZARD 1

8. Select the NM domain where the base station is located and select the
base station controller in [Select information source], as shown in
Figure 13.

9. Click <Next> to enter the Alarm Query Wizard dialog box 3, as shown
in Figure 14.

10. Click such cell notification information content as No call in this cell in
[Select information code], and click > to specify the selected
information, as shown in Figure 15.

11. Click <Finish> to display the notification information in the cell.

[Normal result]
Query result display interface shows no notification information of the cell.
[Troubleshooting]
Perform troubleshooting with reference to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting.
[Precautions]
For details of notification viewing, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) Base
Station Sub-system Operation Manual.
Viewing Real-time Attributes of a Carrier
View the real-time attributes of a carrier in the dynamic data management
interface at the OMCR client end.
[Test procedure]
2. Enter the user name and password based on the screen prompt to
3. Select [Configuration Management Dynamic Data Management] in
the OMCR main interface, to enter the Dynamic Data Management
window, as shown in Figure 16.
FI GURE 16 DYNAMI C DATA MANAGEMENT MAI N I NTERFA CE

4. Click a site, a cell, a carrier or a channel to be shown in the left
navigation tree, and the current status of the selected object will be
shown on the right list. See Figure 17.
FI GURE 17 DYNAMI C DATA STATUS DI SPL AY

[Normal result]
Status of the selected object is displayed in the interface.
[Handling]
Check whether the dynamic data of a carrier is abnormal. If not, perform
troubleshooting with reference to the handling methods of carrier faults in
Chapter 7.
[Precautions]
For more information about dynamic data status display, refer to ZXG10-
BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.
Creating Daily Performance Report
Create a daily performance report in the performance management
[Test procedure]

3. Select [Performance Management Performance Analyzer] in the
OMCR main interface to enter the Performance Analyzer interface, as
shown in Figure 18.
FI GURE 18 PERFORMANCE ANAL YZER MAI N I NTERFACE

4. Click the menu [Report Create Performance Report] or the
corresponding button, to enter the Performance Report Wizard dialog
box as shown in Figure 19.
FI GURE 19 PERFORMANCE REPORT WI ZARD

5. First, select a NM domain in the pull-down menu and then in [Please
select domain and type of report], specify System performance
report in [Selected Type] field. Click > to add the selected type to
[All Types], as shown in Figure 20.
FI GURE 20 SEL ECT NM DOMAI N AND REPORT TYPE

6. Click <Next> to enter the Performance Report Wizard 1, as shown in
Figure 21.
FI GURE 21 PERFORMANCE REPORT WI ZARD 1

7. Select <Cell> in the pull-down menu of [Please select the level of
analyzed objects]. Then specify the object to be analyzed in [All
Objects], and click > to add the object to [Selected Objects], as
shown in Figure 22.
FI GURE 22 PL EASE SEL ECT ANAL YZED OB J ECTS

Figure 23.

9. Click <Daily Report> in [Please select type and time of report], and
click <Select Day> to enter the Please select the time dialog box, as
shown in Figure 24.
FI GURE 24 PL EASE SEL ECT TI ME

10. Select the time when the report is generated, and click <Ok>.
11. Select the start time and stop time in [Busy time], which can only be
set to have one hour interval, then click <Finish>, and you can get the
performance report of a certain period of a certain day, as shown in
Figure 25.
FI GURE 25 DAI L Y PERFORMANCE REPORT DI SPL AY RESUL T

[Normal result]
Refer to Appendix D for telecom network operation maintenance quality
indexes made by individual carriers (wireless part).

[Handling]
Analyze whether the base station works normally based on the statistics in
the daily performance report. If it works abnormally, perform
troubleshooting with reference to the contents about signaling channel
congestion, voice channel congestion and handover fault in Chapter 6.
[Precautions]
For details of the daily performance report, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2)
BS Sub-system Operation Manual.
Creating a Daily Traffic Report
Create a daily traffic report in the performance management interface at
the OMCR client end.
[Test procedure]
3. In the OMCR main interface, select [Performance Management--
>Performance Analyzer], then you will enter its main interface.

5. First, select a domain in the pull-down menu of [Please select domain
and type of report]. Then specify Daily traffic report in the [Selected
Type] field. Click > to add the selected type to [All Types], as shown
in Figure 27.

Figure 28.

7. Select <Cell> in the pull-down menu of [Please select the level of
analyzed objects]. Then specify the object to be analyzed in [All
Objects], and click > to add the object to [Selected Objects], as
shown in Figure 29.

Figure 30.

9. Click <Finish> to generate a daily traffic report, as shown in Figure 31.
FI GURE 31 DAI L Y TRAFFI C REPORT DI SPL AY RESUL T

[Normal result]
[Troubleshooting]
Perform troubleshooting with reference to traffic-related contents in
Chapter 6
[Precautions]
For more information about the traffic report, refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0)
BS Subsystem Operation Manual.

Weekly Routine Maintenance
Table 5 is a checklist for weekly routine maintenance items of the BS21
(V2.2).
TAB L E 5 WEEK L Y ROUTI NE MAI NTENANCE CHECK L I ST
Category Test Item Remarks
Viewing history alarms
Refer to section Viewing History
Alarms
Collecting alarm frequency
statistics
Refer to section Collecting Alarm
Frequency Statistics
Checking the running
state of the active
equipment
Analyzing a performance
report
Refer to section Analyzing
Performance Report

Viewing History Alarms
View the history alarms in the alarm management interface at the OMCR
client end.
[Test procedure]
4. Select the menu [File --> Alarm History Query] in the alarm
management interface, as shown in Figure 32.

FI GURE 32 AL ARM MANAGEMENT SEL ECTI NG AL ARM HI STORY QUERY I NTERFACE

5. Click [Alarm History Query] to enter the alarm query wizard as shown
in Figure 33.
FI GURE 33 AL ARM QUERY WI ZARD DI AL OG BOX

6. Select <Alarm History> in [Alarm Type], and select the Start Time
and Stop Time (both at the same day) in [Interval]. Then click
<Next> to enter Alarm Query Wizard 1 as shown in Figure 34.


7. Select a value in [Domain] field, and specify a site in [Select alarm
source], as shown in Figure 35.

8. Click <Next> and you will enter Alarm Query Wizard 3, as shown in
Figure 36.


9. Two query modes can be set in this interface: query by alarm code or
by alarm class.
i. To query history alarms by alarm code, you should click <Alarm
Code> in [Select], and specify the alarm codes to be queried in
[Select Alarm Code]. Then click > to add the selected alarms
(allowing multiple choices) codes to the display area, as shown in
Figure 37.
FI GURE 37 QUERY B Y AL ARM CODE

ii. If you want to query by class, select "alarm class". Then select the
alarm classes to be queried in [Select Alarm Class] (allowing
multiple choices), as shown in Figure 38.
FI GURE 38 QUERY B Y AL ARM CL ASS

10. Finally, click <Finish> to display history alarms, as shown in Figure 39.
FI GURE 39 CONFI RMED HI STORY AL ARM DI SPL AY

[Handling]
Observe the alarms that occur repeatedly. Make analysis of these alarms
specifically and perform troubleshooting.

Collecting Alarm Frequency Statistics
Collect alarm frequency statistics in the alarm management interface at
[Test procedure]
4. Select the menu [File Alarm Statistics Alarm Frequency Statistics]
in the alarm management interface, as shown in Figure 40.
FI GURE 40 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS

5. Click [Alarm Frequency Statistics] to enter the Alarm Frequency
Statistics dialog box, as shown in Figure 41.

FI GURE 41 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS I NTERFACE

6. Click the Source tab, and specify a domain value in the pull-down
menu of Domain. Select the statistic objects in the left logic tree, and
click > to add them to the right display area. See Figure 42.
FI GURE 42 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS SEL ECTI NG AL ARM SOURCE

Alarm sources highlighted in dark color are the selected alarm sources;
those highlighted in light color are alarm sources whose subtrees are
not completely selected, and those not highlighted are not selected at
all. The already selected objects are displayed on the right.

7. Click <Time>, and select <Start Time> and <Stop Time> in [Interval].
Click [All Alarms in Database] and [Custom] to select statistics of all
alarms or certain alarms with highest frequencies. See Figure 43.
FI GURE 43 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS - SEL ECTI NG TI ME PERI OD FOR AL ARM
STATI STI CS

8. Click Other tab to set filtering conditions for alarm statistics. At least
one check box must be checked in each group box. Refer to Figure 44.
FI GURE 44 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS SEL ECTI NG STATI STI CS FI L TERI NG
CONDI TI ONS

9. Click <OK> to view the statistics result, as shown in Figure 45.

FI GURE 45 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS SHOWI NG STATI STI CS RESUL T I N A L I ST

Alarms are arranged by number. Double click it to view details.
Click <View Graph> to change the display mode of the statistics result,
as shown in Figure 46.
FI GURE 46 AL ARM FREQUENCY STATI STI CS SHOWI NG STATI STI CS RESUL T I N A GRAPH

Graph display mode is customized. Drag scroll bar at bottom of the
graph to view more alarm statistics. To view statistics in a list, click
List. Alternatively, click Report to start report wizard.
[Handling]
The statistics are based on the alarm frequencies. Make analysis of the
alarms with higher frequencies specifically, and perform troubleshooting.

Analyzing Performance Report
Analyze the performance reports and daily traffic reports over the past
week, to see whether a fault exists. If so, remove it.
Monthly Routine Maintenance
Table 6 contains a checklist for monthly routine maintenance items of the
BS21 (V2.2).
TAB L E 6 MONTHL Y ROUTI NE MAI NTENANCE CHECK L I ST
Category Test Item Remarks
Creating a monthly
performance report
Refer to section Creating Monthly
Performance Report
Collecting statistics of a bad
cells
Refer to section Collecting Statistics
of Bad Cells
Analyzing and processing the
reports
Refer to section Analyzing and
Processing Reports
Checking the
running state of the
active equipment
Generating a monthly
operation report
Refer to section Generating Monthly
Operation Report

Creating Monthly Performance Report
Create a monthly performance report in the performance management
[Test procedure]
3. In OMCR main interface, select [Performance Management
Performance Analyzer], then you will enter its main interface.


5. First, select a domain in the pull-down menu of [Please select domain
and type of report]. Then specify System performance report in
[Selected Type] field. Click > to add the selected type to [All Types],

Figure 49.


7. Select the object level in the pull-down menu of [Please select the
level of analyzed objects]. Then specify the object to be analyzed in
[All Objects], and click > to add the object to [Selected Objects], as
shown in Figure 50.

Figure 51.


9. Click <Monthly Report> in [Please select type and time of report], and
click <Select Month> to enter the Please select the time dialog box,
FI GURE 52 PL EASE SEL ECT TI ME ( MONTH)

10. Select the required month and click <OK>; then in [Select the busy
time], select the start time and stop time. The busy hour time interval
can only be set as one hour. Then click <Next> to enter the interface

FI GURE 53 SEL ECT START A ND STOP DATE

11. When the start and stop date have been specified, click <Finish> to
display the content of the monthly report, as shown in Figure 54.
FI GURE 54 MONTHL Y REPORT DI SPL AY RESUL T

[Normal result]
[Troubleshooting]
Make analysis of the performance indexes of the cell based on the
performance report and implement relevant handling appropriately.

[Precautions]
For more information about creating a monthly performance report, refer
to ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.
Collecting Statistics of Bad Cells
Collect statistics of bad cells in the performance management interface at
[Test procedure]
3. In the OMCR main interface, select [Performance Management--
>Performance Analyzer], then you will enter its main interface.

5. Select the domain in the drop box and then select "bad cell report" in
"All Types", and then click ">". The interface is as shown in Figure 56.

FI GURE 56 BAD CEL L REPORT

6. Click <Next> and enter bad cell performance report wizard 1, as
shown below.

7. In [All Objects], select the object to be analyzed and click ">". The
interface is shown as below.

FI GURE 58 SEL ECT ANAL YZED OB J ECTS

8. Click Next to enter the Performance Report Wizard 2 for the bad
report, as shown in Figure 59.

9. Click <Monthly Report> in [Please select type and time of report], and
click <Select Month> to enter the Please select the time dialog box,

FI GURE 60 PL EASE SEL ECT TI ME ( MONTH)

10. Select the required month and click <OK>, then in [Select the busy
time], select the start date and stop date. The busy hour time interval
can only be set as one hour. Then click <Next> to enter the interface
as shown below.
FI GURE 61 SEL ECT START TI ME AND STOP DATE

11. When the start and stop date have been specified, click <Finish> to
display the content of the monthly report, as shown in Figure 62.

FI GURE 62 DI SPL AY OF BA D CEL L REPORT

[Normal result]
[Troubleshooting]
Analyze the causes of poor performance in the bad cell based on the
statistics, and handle the problem appropriately.
[Precautions]
For more information about the bad cell data report, refer to ZXG10-BSS
(V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.
Analyzing and Processing Reports
Create various types of reports in the performance management interface
at the OMCR client end.
[Test procedure]
Analyze the monthly reports.
[Normal result]

[Troubleshooting]
Perform troubleshooting with reference to relevant information about
traffic, call drop rate and handover success rate in Chapter 7.
[Precautions]
For more information about report analyzing and processing, refer to
ZXG10-BSS (V2.0) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.
Generating Monthly Operation Report
Fill in the monthly maintenance form according to the monthly
performance report and troubleshooting. The monthly maintenance form
serves as the monthly operation report and should be submitted to the
local ZTE maintenance office.
Biannual Routine Maintenance
Biannual routine maintenance of the BS21 (V2.2) requires that all
maintenance personnel perform filed maintenance in all sites. Table 7
contains a checklist for biannual routine maintenance items.
TAB L E 7 BI ANNUAL ROUTI NE MAI NTENANCE CHECK L I ST
Category Check items Remarks
Checking the BTS AC power
Refer to section Checking BS21 AC
Power
Checking the running status of
the heat exchanger
Refer to section Checking Running
Status of Heat Exchanger
Checking the
environment-
monitoring
equipment
Checking the dust-proof status
Refer to section Checking Dust-Proof
Status
the CMM module
Status of CMM Module
the ETRM module
Status of ETRM Module
the AEM module
Status of ECDU Module
Measuring the amplifier output
power
Refer to section Measuring Amplifier
Output Power
Measuring the standing wave
ratio
Refer to section Measuring SWR of
Antenna Feeder
Synchronizing the clock Refer to section Calibrating Clock
Checking the fastness of
antennae and towers
Refer to section Checking Fastness of
Antennae and Towers
Checking and
maintaining
the active
equipment
Checking the obliquity of the
directional antennae
Refer to section Checking Obliquity of
Directional Antennae

Category Check items Remarks
Checking whether the antenna
feeder connectors and the
lightning protection grounding
kit are waterproof
Refer to section Checking whether
Antenna Feeder Connectors and
Lightning Protection Grounding Kit are
Waterproof
Checking E1 interfaces
Refer to section Checking E1
Interfaces
Checking and
maintaining
the interfaces
Checking the antenna feeder
interfaces
Refer to section Checking Antenna
Feeder Interfaces
Checking whether the lightning
protection arrester is in good
condition
Refer to section Checking Whether
Lightning Protection Arrester is in Good
Condition
Checking whether the
grounding is reliable
Refer to section Checking whether
Grounding Cable is Reliable
Checking and
maintaining
the auxiliary
equipment
Measuring the grounding
resistance
Refer to section Grounding Resistance
Test
the transmission equipment
Status of Transmission Equipment
Checking and
maintaining
the auxiliary
equipment
UPS
Status of UPS

Checking BS21 AC Power
3 1/2 multimeter.
[Test procedure]
1. Measure the voltage of the power supply network with the multimeter;
2. Check if the power cable is aging.
[Normal result]
1. Nominal value of the AC power: 220 VAC;
Allowed fluctuation range: 130 VAC ~ 300 VAC.
2. The power cable is not aging.
[Troubleshooting]
If the power voltage is abnormal, check the AC power supply equipment
and conduct relevant troubleshooting.
If the power cable is aging, please replace it in time.
[Recovery after test]
None.

Checking Running Status of Heat
Exchanger
None.
[Test procedure]
Eyeballing method.
[Normal result]
1. The fan works normally.
2. There is no leakage water or rust inside the heat exchanger.
[Troubleshooting]
Implement maintenance to the heat exchanger.
None.
Checking Dust-Proof Status
Vacuum cleaner, duster cloth, and alcohol.
[Test procedure]
Check the equipment shell and the interior to see if there are cobwebs or
obvious dust.
[Normal result]
The equipment room should be tidy and clean with no obvious
accumulated dust.
[Troubleshooting]
Clean the equipment.
None.

Checking Running Status of CMM Module
None.
[Test procedure]
Check status of the indicators on the CMM module panel.
[Normal result]
Table 8 shows the normal status of the indicators on the CMM module
panel.
TAB L E 8 NORMAL STATUS OF I NDI CATORS ON CMM MODUL E PANEL
Name Description Color Normal Status
PWR Power indicator
Green /
red
The green indicator is on in normal conditions.
RUN
Running
indicator
Green
The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / Boot
running
The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / Application
running
SYN
System
synchronization
indicator
Green /
red
The green indicator is on / Abis interface
network synchronization clock
The green indicator flashes / SDH network
synchronization clock
The indicator is off / free run
CLK Clock indicator
Green /
red
The green indicator is on / the network
synchronization is locked
The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / in lock
phase
The indicator is off / free run
MST
Active / standby
status indicator
Green
The green indicator is on / in active status
The green indicator is off / in standby status
STA Status indicator
Green /
red
The indicator is off / in normal condition
The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / system
initialization
The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / software
loading under way

[Troubleshooting]
Table 9 lists the abnormal status of the indicators on the CMM module
panel.

TAB L E 9 AB NORMAL STATUS OF I NDI CATORS ON CMM MODUL E PANEL
Name Description Color Abnormal Status
PWR Power indicator
Green /
red
The red indicator is on / an alarm exists
The red indicator is off / power off or other
reasons
RUN
Running
indicator
Green
The red indicator is on or flashes / system
abnormal
SYN
System
synchronization
indicator
Green /
red
The red indicator flashes (4 Hz) / E1 out of
frame
The red indicator is on / E1 line broken or
disconnected
CLK Clock indicator
Green /
red
The red indicator is on / clock failure
STA Status indicator
Green /
red
The red indicator flashes (1 Hz) / LAPD link
broken
The red indicator flashes (4 Hz) / HDLC link
broken
The red indicator is on / other alarms related
to temperature, clock and frame number

1. PWR troubleshooting
When the PWR red indicator is on or off, check at the background or
LMT whether the LAPD link is broken, or whether there are over-
voltage or under-voltage alarms.
For troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to LAPD Long-
Time Link Disconnection.
For troubleshooting of over-voltage or under-voltage alarms, refer to
Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms.
2. RUN troubleshooting
When the RUN red indicator is on or flashes, check at the background
or LMT whether there is an LAPD link broken alarm. For information of
troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to LAPD Long-Time
Link Disconnection.
3. SYN troubleshooting
i. If the SYN red indicator flashes at the frequency of 4 Hz, it shows
that an E1 out-of-frame alarm is issued. For troubleshooting
information, refer to Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of E1
interfaces (A, D and E interfaces).
ii. When the SYN red indicator is on or flashes, it shows that E1 link is
broken or disconnected. In such case, check at the background or
LMT whether there is an LAPD link broken alarm. For information of
troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to LAPD Long-
4. CLK troubleshooting
When the CLK red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT
whether there is an LAPD link broken alarm, or clock abnormal alarm.

For troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to LAPD Long-
For troubleshooting of clock exception alarms, refer to Clock
Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK).
5. STA troubleshooting
i. If the STA red indicator flashes at a frequency of 1 Hz, it shows
that the LAPD link is broken. For information of troubleshooting of
LAPD link broken alarms, refer to LAPD Long-Time Link
Disconnection.
ii. If the STA red indicator flashes at the frequency of 4 Hz, it shows
that the HDLC link is broken. Check at the background or LMT
whether there are alarms of HW link long-time disconnection,
active / standby rack communication failure, communication link
failure from the standby rack to the active rack, and
communication link failure between the active rack and the left and
right standby racks.
For troubleshooting information of HW link long-time disconnection,
refer to HW Long Time Link Disconnection.
For troubleshooting of communication link failure from the standby
rack to the active rack, refer to Alarms of Communication Link to
Main Rack.
For troubleshooting of communication link failure between the
active rack and the left and right standby racks, refer to Alarm
with Communication Link between Master Rack and Left/Right
Slave Rack.
iii. When the STA red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT
whether there are alarms about indications of E1 interface sending
forward slip code, E1 interface sending backward slip code, E1
interface receiving forward slip code, and E1 interface receiving
backward slip code.
For troubleshooting of E1 interface sending forward slip code
alarms, refer to Forward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End
of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E interfaces).
For troubleshooting of E1 interface sending backward slip code
alarms, refer to Backward Slip Code Indication at Transmitting End
of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces).
For troubleshooting of E1 interface receiving forward slip code
alarms, refer to Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of
E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces).
For troubleshooting of E1 interface receiving backward slip code
alarms, refer to Backward Slip Code Indication at Receiving End of
E1 Interfaces (A, D and E Interfaces).
None.

Checking Running Status of ETRM
Module
None.
[Test procedure]
Check the status of the indicators on the ETRM module panel.
[Normal result]
Table 10 shows the normal status of the indicators on the ETRM module
panel.
TAB L E 10 NORMAL STATUS OF I NDI CATORS ON ETRM MODUL E PANEL
PWR Power indicator Green / red The green indicator is on in normal conditions.
RUN
Running
indicator
Green
The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / Boot
running
The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / Application
running
MOD
Channel mode
indicator
Green / red
The green indicator is on / BCCH indication,
refer to the note below
The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / BCCH
indication, and System Info is broadcast
The green indicator is off / non-BCCH
indication
ACT
Channel
activation
indicator
Green
The green indicator flashes / channel
activation indication (SDCCH, TCH...)
The green indicator is off / no traffic in the
channels which are deactivated
STA Status indicator Green / red
The indicator is off / in normal condition
The green indicator flashes (1 Hz) / system
initialization
The green indicator flashes (4 Hz) / software
loading under way
Note: MOD green indicator is an interim status. It is abnormal if the green indicator is
constantly on, which shows that ETRM has not received the System Info message.

ACT indicator shows the number of activated channels. The ETRM module
controls the pulse width based on the activated channel number so as to
display the number of activated channels. For more details, refer to Table
11.

TAB L E 11 REL ATI ONSHI P B ETWEEN I NDI CATOR BI T DI SPL AY AND NUMB ER OF ACTI VATED
TS
Number of Activated TS I ndicator Bit Display
Zero activated TS 00000000, 00000000
One activated TS 10000000, 00000000
Two activated TS 10100000, 00000000
Three activated TS 10101000, 00000000
Four activated TS 10101010, 00000000

Description
0 indicates off, 1 indicates on.
One bit represents a period of Td, which is 4 Hz (0.25 s). The whole status
display cycle is 16 Td=4 s.
For combined channels, such as combinations of TCH/F, SDCCH/8 and
SDCCH/4, as long as one logical sub-channel is activated (for example the SDCCH
sub-channel), the whole TS is seen activated.
When some timeslots are allocated as the common control channel and
dedicated control channel (such as main BCCH channel combination and extBCCH
channel combination), they are defined as non-activated and will not be kept in the
ACT display statistics.
For the extBCCH channel combination, the green indicator flashes only when
all configured BCCH channels are normal and system messages are being
transmitted. If one or more extBCCH channels are blocked or faulty, the red
indicator flashes based on the number of blocked or fault channels. It flashes for
the same time as described in 1. If all extBCCH channels are blocked or faulty,
the red indicator is on constantly.

[Troubleshooting]
Table 12 lists abnormal status of indicators on ETRM module panel.

TAB L E 12 AB NORMAL STATUS OF I NDI CATORS ON ETRM MODUL E PANEL
Name Description Color Abnormal Status
PWR Power indicator Green / red
The red indicator is on / an alarm
exists
The red indicator is off / poweroff or
other reasons
RUN Running indicator Green
The red indicator is on or flashes /
system abnormal
MOD
Channel mode
indicator
Green / red
The red indicator is on / BCCH blocked
(blocking on any extBCCH)
ACT
Channel
activation
indicator
Green
The red indicator flashes / channel
blocking indication (SDCCH, TCH)
The red indicator is on / CU is disabled
STA Status indicator Green / red
The red indicator flashes (1Hz) / LAPD
link broken
The red indicator flashes (4Hz) / HDLC
link broken
The red indicator is on / other alarms
related to temperature, clock and
frame number

1. PWR troubleshooting
When the PWR red indicator is on or is off, check at the background or
LMT whether there are alarms of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and
BSC, communication breakdown between CMM and FUC, and TPU
power failure.
For troubleshooting of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC, refer to
Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC.
For troubleshooting of communication breakdown between CMM and
FUC, refer to Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC.
For troubleshooting of TPU power alarms, refer to TPU Power Alarm.
2. RUN troubleshooting
When the RUN red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT
whether there are alarms of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC,
or communication breakdown between CMM and FUC.
For troubleshooting of LAPD link disconnection in FUC and BSC, refer to
Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC and BSC.
For troubleshooting of communication breakdown between CMM and
FUC, refer to Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC.
3. MOD troubleshooting
When the MOD red indicator is on, it shows that BCCH is blocked. To
solve this problem, unblock the BCCH carrier through dynamic data
management. If it does not work, reset the ETRM module. If the fault
stills exists, replace the ETRM module.
4. ACT troubleshooting

i. If ACT red indicator flashes, it means the channels are blocked
(SDCCH, TCH and etc.). First through dynamic data management,
unblock the carrier frequency where BCCH is located; if it doesnt
work, reset this ETRM module; if the fault still exists, replace this
ETRM module then.
ii. When the ACT red indicator is on, it shows that the ETRM module
may be faulty. To solve this problem, replace the ETRM module. If
it does not work, replace the ETRM module.
5. STA troubleshooting
i. If the STA red indicator flashes at the frequency of 1 Hz, it shows
that the LAPD links on FUC and BSC are broken. For information of
troubleshooting of LAPD link broken alarms, refer to Disconnected
LAPD Link between FUC and BSC.
ii. If the STA red indicator flashes at a frequency of 4 Hz, it shows
that HDLC links in the ETRM module are broken. To troubleshoot it,
check at the background or LMT whether there is a CMM and FUC
communication breakdown alarm. For troubleshooting of the alarm,
refer to Interrupted Communication between CMM and FUC.
iii. If the STA red indicator is on, check at the background or LMT
whether there are alarms related to the temperature, clocks and
frame number. For troubleshooting information, refer to ETRM
Alarm.
None.
Checking Running Status of ECDU
Module
None.
[Test procedure]
Check status of indicators on CDU module panel.
[Normal result]
Table 13 lists normal status of indicators on CDU module panel.

TAB L E 13 NORMAL STATUS OF I NDI CATORS ON CDU MODUL E PANEL
FPO
Indicator of normal output
of the forward power
Green
The green indicator is on in normal
conditions.
SWR1 SWR alarm level 1 Red The red indicator is off / no alarm
SWR2 SWR alarm level 2 Red The red indicator is off / no alarm
PWR LNA power supply normal Green
The green indicator is on in normal
conditions.
LNA1 LNA1 alarm Red The red indicator is off / no alarm
LNA2 LNA2 alarm Red The red indicator is off / no alarm

[Troubleshooting]
Table 14 lists abnormal status of indicators on CDU module panel.
TAB L E 14 AB NORMAL STATUS OF I NDI CATORS ON CDU MODUL E PANEL
Name Description Color Abnormal Status Exception handling
FPO
Indicator of
normal output of
the forward power
Green
The green indicator is off
in abnormal conditions
---
SWR1 SWR alarm level 1 Red
The red indicator is on
when there is such an
alarm
Refer to AEM SWR
Major Alarm
SWR2 SWR alarm level 2 Red
alarm
Refer to AEM SWR
Minor Alarm
PWR
LNA power supply
normal
Green
The green indicator is off
in abnormal conditions
Refer to AEM Power
Alarm
LNA1 LNA1 alarm Red
alarm
Refer to LNA (Low
Noise Amplifier) Alarm
LNA2 LNA2 alarm Red
alarm
Refer to LNA (Low

None.

Measuring Amplifier Output Power
1. One set of 3 1/2 digital multimeter;
2. One set of 150 W thru-line power meter;
3. Multiple RF cables;
4. Other hardware.
[Test procedure]
1. Shut off the power on PSM related to the ETRM module.
2. When the power supply is cut off and ETRM has no output power,
loosen the cable connectors from the amplifier output terminal to the
AEM module, and connect them with a thru-line power meter and a
large-power load.
Notes: When it is not connected with an antenna, a 100 W microwave power load
is needed but it is not necessary when it is not connected with an antenna.

3. Turn on the power and add the excitation (ETRM has output power),
then read the power of the set band (GSM900: 925 MHz ~ 960 MHz;
GSM1800: 1805 MHz ~ 1880 MHz). In the case of full power, read the
output power and the gain flatness.
[Normal result]
It is required the output power should be larger than 40 W with the gain
flatness of less than 0.5 dB.
[Troubleshooting]
1. For a 60 W BS21 (V2.2), if the amplifier output power does not meet
the technical specifications, check whether the ETRM output level is
within the allowed range. If it is normal, the fault may lie in the
amplifier.
2. Common problems of a power amplifier include power amplifier (front
end) and amplifier tube (rear end) damage. It is manifested in low
gains and decreased output power. If the fault is in the amplifier,
replace the ETRM.
Release the connection between the thru-line power meter, large power
load and the amplifier output terminal. Re-establish the connection
between the amplifier output terminal and the AEM module.
Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder
A SiteMaster tester and a testing cable.

[Test procedure]
1. Turn on the SiteMaster power switch.
2. Select OPT in the main menu.
3. Select the items whose SWR need be measured.
4. Select key FREQ in the main menu and input the start and stop
scanning frequencies
5. In SCALE of the main menu, input the needed values of TOP, BOTTOM
and LIMIT. For convenient query, TOP is advised as 1.5 and BOTTOM
as 1.0.
6. In menu FREQ, select key MARKER and EDIT, read relevant values and
judge if the values are set in compliance with the requirements and
then save them.
7. Select key START CAL to correct SiteMaster.
i. Connect circuit opener (OPEN) with TEST PORT and select ENTER;
ii. Connect the choke plunger (SHORT) with TEST PORT and select
ENTER;
iii. Connect the load with TEST PORT and select ENTER; then the
system will perform automatic correcting.
8. Loosen the jumper connector connected with the cabinet.
9. Connect the SiteMaster with the port of the jumper through a testing
cable.
10. Read the value and judge if it meets the requirement of the index.
[Normal result]
The normal result should be SWR < 1.5.
[Troubleshooting]
If the test result is not normal, use the fault positioning function (DTF) to
judge the position of the fault and its cause, then solve it.
Reconnect the connector of the equipment and restore the system.
[Precautions]
1. Before each power-on measurement, it is necessary to correct the
measuring equipment;
2. If measurement is conducted during operation of the equipment, it is
necessary to notify the user to lock relevant sectors or get user's
approval before switching off the power of the relevant equipment and
test again (generally this method is not recommended).
3. Pay attention to the running status of the equipment being measured.

Calibrating Clock
A cymometer and a laptop installed with LMT software
[Test procedure]
1. Set base station to work at the internal synchronization mode at OMCR.
2. The cymometer is connected with the 13 M clock test interface on the
front panel of the BS21 rack.
3. The serial port of the notebook is connected with the external testing
port (ETP) of the CMM module.
4. Start LMT in the notebook and click "CKU Calibrate" in the menu to
enter the correction interface of CKU as shown in Figure 63.
FI GURE 63 CKU CORRECTI ON

5. Press Start to originate communication with the foreground. Start
is valid when the program is started. Other buttons are invalid. Start
becomes invalid when pressing Start to originate communication with
the foreground, and other buttons like Calibrate become valid.
6. The current CKU values are displayed in the CKU Calibration interface,
including the DAC value and the voltage. Calibrate the DAC value in
the Calibration box. You can enter a DAC value manually, or click the
up/down arrows to the right of the DAC value box to adjust the value.
The step length of each increase or decrease in the DAC value is
determined by the step value. Three options are available: 1, 3 and 10.

After the DAC value has been specified, the system calculates the
corresponding voltage automatically. Press the Calibrate button to
inform the foreground to start calibration. Observe the cymometer to
see whether the clock is adjusted to 13 M.
7. Press Save button to save DAC value in FLASH; the system adopts
the value saved in FLASH at reboot. If new DAC value is not saved in
time, the system still uses the old DAV value saved in FLASH at reboot.
8. Press End to terminate the calibration procedure.
[Normal result]
The clock can be calibrated to 13.000000 MHz 0.025 ppm.
[Troubleshooting]
Replace CMM module if it is impossible to calibrate clock to above range.
Reset the base station to its original mode if it works at the external
synchronization mode previously.
Checking Fastness of Antennae and
Towers
A spanner.
[Test procedure]
1. Check whether the fixing clips for securing the antennae and the
antenna supports are fixed.
2. Check whether the fixing clips of the tower amplifier are secured.
[Normal result]
The antennae and tower amplifiers are secured. They do not move or slide.
[Troubleshooting]
Tighten the fastening screws by using a spanner.
None.
Checking Obliquity of Directional
Antennae

Goniometer.
[Test procedure]
Here we will use the rotary goniometer with an air bleeder to check the
obliquity of the directional antenna, as shown in Figure 64. If other
instruments/meters are used on site, please refer to relevant instructions.
FI GURE 64 ROTARY GONI OMETER WI TH AI R BL EEDER
0
10
20
30
4
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
8
0
7
0
6
0
5
0
5
0
6
0
7
0
8
0
9
0
8
0
7
0
6
0
5
0
4
0
30
20
10
4
3
2
1
0
5
7
6
8
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
2
1
5
1
2
1
1
5
2
1
2
1
DIAL

1. Press goniometer against object measured, as shown in Figure 65.
FI GURE 65 MEASURI NG OB L I QUI TY
1 2 3
0
1
2
3
8 0
80
7
8
60
4
6
5
70
50
8
6 0 5 0
7 0
5 6 72 3 4
12 15
60 80
90
4
70
8 7 5 6
1
40
50
30
10
20
20
10
3 0
2
0
1
5
5
6 0
8 0
9 0
7 0
1
0 1
4
3
2
8
4 0
5 0
1
2
1
7
6
D
I
A
L
2

2. Rotate the dial until the bubble in the air bleeder is located in the
middle of two indication rings.
3. Read the scale on the dial.
[Normal result]

The obliquity is consistent with what is required in network planning.
[Troubleshooting]
1. Rotate the dial to the set angle.
2. Press the object to be measured against the dial chassis firmly, and
move them together until the bubble in the air bleeder in the middle of
two indication rings. See Figure 66.
FI GURE 66 ADJ USTI NG L OWER TI L TI NG ANGL E
3
60
7
50
8
6
5
4
1
2 5 0
1
2 7 83 5 64
5 0
7 0 6 08 0
3
4
0 1
2
1
6 0
7 0
8 0
9 0
8
6
5
7
D
I
A
L
0
30 70
10
3 0
4 0
20
20
10
7 2
2
80
90
0
1
1
70 80 60
4 3 6 5
12 15
40
50
8
1
2
2
1
5

None.

Checking whether Antenna Feeder
Connectors and Lightning Protection
Grounding Kit are Waterproof

Waterproof adhesive tape, sealing adhesive tape, insulation tape
[Test procedure]
Check whether there is leakage and crack in the antenna feeder terminals
and the lightning protection grounding kits.
[Normal result]
No leakage or crack is found.
[Troubleshooting]
Follow the steps below to make waterproof treatment.
1. Power off all the ETRM modules on PSM.
2. Remove the original waterproof material.
3. Wrap the waterproof adhesive tape at the connector, followed by the
sealing adhesive tape, and finally the insulation tape.
4. Wrap the adhesive tape layer by layer from the bottom up, to avoid
rainwater leakage.
5. Re-power on all the ETRM modules.
None.
Checking E1 Interfaces
None.
[Test procedure]
1. Check whether the E1 cable is aging, distorted, extruded, deformed or
too tight.
2. Check whether the E1 connector is fixed.
3. Observe status of the indicators on the CMM panel, to see whether the
E1 interface is fault.

[Normal result]
1. The E1 cable is not aging, distorted, extruded, transformed or too tight.
2. The E1 terminal is fixed.
3. The red SYN indicator on the CMM panel is off.
[Troubleshooting]

1. If the red SYN indicator on the CMM panel is on, it shows that the E1
line is broken or disconnected. To solve this problem, check the trunk
cable in the E1 interface at the bottom of the BS21 to see whether the
trunk cable is tightly connected and whether the contact is good.
2. If the trunk cable in the E1 interface is aging, refer to Trunk Cable
Replacement for the specific method to replace the cable.
None.
Checking Antenna Feeder Interfaces
None.
[Test procedure]
1. Observe the indicators on the AEM module panel to see if there are
SWR1 and SWR2 alarms.
2. Check whether the RF cable of the antenna feeder is aging.
[Normal result]
1. The indicators on the AEM module panel show no sign of SWR alarms.
2. The RF cable of the antenna feeder is not aging.
[Troubleshooting]
1. With reference to the SWR measuring method in Measuring SWR of
Antenna Feeder, check the SWR of the jumper, the main feeder and
the antenna at the bottom of the equipment by sections and locate the
defective part; then replace the defective parts by referring to
Appendix A till the fault is removed.
2. Replace the aging frequency cable with reference to RF Cable
Replacement.
None.
Checking Whether Lightning Protection
Arrester is in Good Condition
1. SiteMaster tester
2. 50 ohm N(F) matched load
3. A testing cable
4. An adapter N(M)-7/16 DIN(M), N(M)-7/16 DIN(F)

[Test procedure]
The following steps describe how to check a lightning protection arrester.
Here we take a 1/4 wavelength lightning protection arrester for example.
1. Power off all the ETRM modules on PSM.
2. Loosen the jumper connectors jointed with both ends of the lightning
protection arrester.
3. Calibrate the SiteMaster.
i. Press the START CAL button to perform zero calibration prior to the
test.
ii. Connect the open-circuit calibration terminal (OPEN) with
RF/REFLECTION on the backplane, and then press ENTER.
iii. Connect the short-circuit calibration terminal (SHORT) to RF/OUT,
and press ENTER to perform load calibration.
iv. Select SAVE SETUP to save the calibration (optional).
4. Connect the SiteMaster to one port on the lightning protection arrester
through a testing cable.
5. Connect the other port on the lightning protection arrester with a
matched load.
6. Read the SiteMaster, and judge whether the return loss of the lightning
protection arrester is within the valid range.
7. Repeat steps (4) ~ (6) to measure the return loss of another port on
the lightning protection arrester.
8. Adjust the multimeter to X10K and then measure the resistance of the
conductor in the high-frequency sockets at both ends of the lightning
protection arrester.
9. Adjust the multimeter to X1 and then measure the resistance between
the conductor in the antenna and the ground.
[Normal result]
Technical indexes of the lightning protection arrester comply with the
product specifications. The tested return loss is required to be more than
20 dB.
The resistance of the conductor in the high-frequency sockets at both ends
of the lightning protection arrester is more than 20 M.
The resistance between the conductor in the antenna and the ground is
approximately 0 .
[Troubleshooting]
Replace the lightning protection arrester if the result is beyond the valid
range. For more details, refer to Antenna Feeder Lightning Arrester.

Reconnect the jumper connector with the two ports of the lightning
protection arrester; then re-power on the ETRM modules and recover the
system.
[Precautions]
Avoid damaging the grounding connection of the lightning protection
arrester.
Checking whether Grounding Cable is
Reliable
None.
[Test procedure]
Check whether connectors of the grounding cables are loose, rusty or
ageing.
[Normal result]
The connectors are not loose, rusty or aging.
[Troubleshooting]
Replace the grounding cable and reconnect the new one.
None.

Grounding Resistance Test
A ground resistance tester (type ZC-8).
[Test procedure]
1. Disconnect the grounding downlead from the equipment, and connect
it to the ground resistance tester.
2. Mount two auxiliary pickets 20 m and 40 m away from the testing
point respectively (remote voltage / remote current). To ensure good
contact between the pickets and the earth, water the surroundings.

3. Connect the two auxiliary pickets and terminals of the ground
resistance tester with a conducting wire. Rock the handles of the tester
to measure the ground resistance. For power supply by batteries, press
the button to read the ground resistance directly.
[Normal result]
Normal ground resistance should be 5 ; test the ground resistance in a
way consistent with the design requirement if there are additional
requirements.
[Troubleshooting]
Check whether grounding downlead is connected with ground grid fixedly.
Check whether the ground grid system complies with the design and
whether resistivity reduction mixture is added regularly.
None.
Checking Running Status of Transmission
Equipment
[Test procedure]
Observe whether indicators on the transmission equipment show the
presence of an alarm.
[Normal result]
No alarm is present.
[Troubleshooting]
Refer to User Manual for the transmission equipment.
None.
Checking Running Status of UPS
None.
[Test procedure]
Check whether there is battery leakage, and whether contact of the
connected lines is reliable.

[Normal result]
There is no battery leakage and the connection is normal.
[Troubleshooting]
Refer to the UPS Instructions.
None.

Ch a p t e r 4
Notification and Handling

Summary of notification information
No traffic notification in the BS cell

Summary of Notification
Information
BTS notification information indicates the non-repeatable or instant
abnormal event that happens during BTSs running, informing the
maintenance personnel of the running statuses of BTS's every part.
No Traffic Notification in BS Cell
1. Description
There is no traffic in the BS cell.
2. Cause
SDCCH utilization rate is <10% (the 10% threshold can be
customized).
3. Handling method
i. View the performance statistics of 5-minute granularity to find out
the moment when there is no traffic in the cell.
ii. In the background, view the history alarm from the moment when
there is no traffic and the current alarm.
iii. View the statuses of channel, FU, CU and cell from dynamic data
management at the background.
iv. If there is no current alarm and the statuses of channel, FU, CU
and cell are normal, do as follows:
Trace signaling of the cell at the background to observe whether
there is any message and the details of the message.
Block/unblock the cell, FU, CU and channel to observe whether
there is any traffic.
If there is no traffic, reset ETRM to observe whether there is any
traffic.
If there is no traffic, reset CMM (the reset site) to observe whether
If there is no traffic, changeover the BCCHs TRU (under the no
single carrier condition) to observe whether there is any traffic.
v. In case the above operations at the background do not work,
please go to the BTS equipment room and check intensively.
Use LMT to view the BTS alarm and status.
Lock the frequency point of BCCH TRU to observe whether there is
power and how much it is. If the power is too low, the PA possibly
gets faulty. If there is any power output, observe whether MS can
gain access to the network. If not, the message is wrong or the

Chapter 4 - Notification and Handling
clock is offset. Use LMT to calibrate the clock; for details, please
refer to Calibrating Clock.
Power off ETRM modules and restart them to observe whether
Power off CMM modules and restart them to observe whether there
is any traffic.
Changeover ETRM modules.


Ch a p t e r 5
Alarms and Handling

Summary of the alarms
CMM alarms
ETRM alarm

Summary of Alarms
BTS alarm information refers to the prompt information that appears when
the BTS has problem or fault during operation. Usually, the alarms last
some time and will not disappear until all the problems or faults have been
removed.
According to the severity, the alarms are divided into levels 1, 2, 3 and 4
to indicate critical, severe, major and minor alarms, as shown in Table 15.
The alarm levels can be modified as required in the operation and
maintenance system (OMS).
TAB L E 15 DI VI DI NG AL ARM L EVEL S
Alarm
Level
Range of
Severely
Affected
Service
Range of Severely
Affected
Equipment Safety
Range of
Severely Affected
System
Reliability
Range of
Severely
Affected System
Maintainability
1 Whole BSS Whole BSS
2
One or some
sites
BSC or a site Whole BSS Whole BSS
3
One or some
carrier
frequencies
One or some carrier
frequencies
BSC or a site BSC or a site
4
One or some
channels
No effect
One or some carrier
frequencies
One or some
carrier frequencies
Note: In the alarm level definitions, the affected range only refers to the effect on a single
index. That is to say, when the effect on an index, such as reliability and safety, reaches a
certain scope, the alarm level can be basically determined. If an alarm affects several
indexes, it should consider upgrading the alarm level.

Alarm handling varies with the alarm levels.
1. When level-1 or level-2 alarms appear, contact the local ZTE office
immediately and handle the problems under the guide of the ZTE
engineers.
2. When level-3 or level-4 alarms appear, the maintenance staff in the
equipment room should write down the problem and fault description,
and follow the related descriptions in this manual to handle the alarms.
If it does not work, contact the local ZTE office immediately.
In BS21 (V2.2), the CMM is the administrator of the entire BTS, gathering
all BTSs alarms and reporting them to the BSC, and displaying them on
local MMIs. The alarm sources in BS21 (V2.2) are CMM, TPU, RCU, PAU,
AEM and the environmental supervision unit. Of them, the alarms of the
RCU, PAU and AEM are collected by the TPU while the alarms of the
environmental supervision unit are collected by the CMM. This manual
does not describe the alarms of the environmental supervision unit. As a
result, only the active/standby CMM board related alarms are listed in the

Chapter 5 - Alarms and Handling
CMM module part, and the alarms of the TPU, RCU, PAU and AEM are
listed in the ETRM module part.
Table 16 lists all BTSs alarms that possibly appear in the OMS.
TAB L E 16 SUMMARY TAB L E OF AL ARMS
Alarm
Type
Alarm Name
Default
Level
Code
(I D)
Remarks
Board power failure 3 None
Refer to CMM Power
Failure
LAPD link disconnection
for a long time
3 None
Refer to LAPD Long-
Time Link
Disconnection
CMM's FLASH
programming failure
3 0X1A01
Refer to CMM's FLASH
Programming Failure
Power over/under-voltage
alarm
3 0X1A03
Refer to Power
Over/Under-Voltage
Alarms
E
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t

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m

Abnormal clock (13 M,
FCLK, SYNCLK)
3
0X1A04,
0X1A09,
0X1A0A
Refer to Clock
Exceptions (13M, FCLK,
SYNCLK)
HW link disconnection for
a long time
3 0X1A02
Refer to HW Long Time
Link Disconnection
Alarms for the
communication link to the
main rack
4 0X1A15
Refer to Alarms of
Communication Link to
Main Rack
Alarm with the
Communication Link
between the Master Rack
and Left/Right Slave Rack
4
0X1A16,
0X1A17
Refer to Alarm with
Communication Link
between Master Rack
and Left/Right Slave
Rack
E1 carrier wave receiving
alarm (A, D and E
interfaces)
3
0X1A32,
0X1A4A,
0X1A52
Refer to E1 Carrier
Wave Receiving Alarm
(A, D and E interfaces)
Out-of-frame alarm at the
receiving end of E1
interfaces (A, D and E
interfaces)
3
0X1A33,
0X1A4B,
0X1A53
Refer to Out-of-Frame
Alarm at Receiving End
of E1 interfaces (A, D
and E interfaces)
Forward slip code
indication at the transmit
end of E1 interfaces (A, D
and E interfaces)
3
0X1A34,
0X1A4C,
0X1A54
Refer to Forward Slip
Code Indication at
Transmitting End of E1
Interfaces (A, D and E
interfaces)
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s

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a
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m

Backward slip code
indication at the transmit
and E interfaces)
3
0X1A35,
0X1A4D,
0X1A55
Refer to Backward Slip
Code Indication at
Transmitting End of E1
Interfaces)

Alarm
Type
Alarm Name
Default
Level
Code
(I D)
Remarks
Forward slip code
indication at the receive
and E interfaces)
3
0X1A36,
0X1A4E,
0X1A56
Refer to Forward Slip
Code Indication at
Receiving End of E1
Interfaces)
Backward slip code
indication at the receive
and E interfaces)
3
0X1A37,
0X1A4F,
0X1A57
Refer to Backward Slip
Code Indication at
Receiving End of E1
Interfaces)
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g

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o
r
Software accumulative
frame number
inconsistent with the
hardware accumulative
frame number
3 0X1A05
Refer to Software
Accumulative Frame
Number Inconsistent
with Hardware
Accumulative Frame
Number
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Backbone Node Alarm Customized
0XF15~
0XF20
Refer to Dry Contact
Alarm
LNA (low noise amplifier)
alarm
3 0X1AC8
Refer to LNA (Low
Power alarm for the
tower mounted amplifier
4 0X1AC9
Refer to Power Alarm
for Tower Mounted
Amplifier
AEM SWR minor alarm 3 0X1ACA
Refer to AEM SWR
Minor Alarm
AEM SWR major alarm 2 0X1ACB
Refer to AEM SWR
Major Alarm
AEM power alarm 2 0X1ACC
Refer to AEM Power
Alarm
AEM type alarm 2 0X1ACE
Refer to AEM Type
Alarm
AEM not-in-position alarm 2 0X1ACF
Refer to AEM Not-in-
Position Alarm
TPUs CHP DSP0
initialization failure
3 0X1B04
Refer to TPUs CHP
DSP0 Initialization
Failure
TPUs CHP DSP1 ~ 3
initialization failure
4
0X1B05,
0X1B06,
0X1B07
Refer to TPUs CHP
DSP1~3 Initialization
Failure
RFAD6620 initialization
failure
3 0X1B08
Refer to RFAD6620
Initialization Failure
RFAD6620 resource
unavailable
3 0X1B09
Refer to RFAD6620
Resource Unavailable
T
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a
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m

E
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t

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m

CIP resource unavailable 3 0X1B0A
Refer to CIP Resource
Unavailable

Alarm
Type
Alarm Name
Default
Level
Code
(I D)
Remarks
TPUs FLASH MEMORY
error
3 0X1B0E
Refer to TPUs FLASH
MEMORY Error
Disconnected LAPD link
between FUC and BSC
2 0X1B26
Refer to Disconnected
LAPD Link between FUC
and BSC
TPUs CIP initialization
failure
3 0X1B28
Refer to TPUs CIP
Initialization Failure
TPU power alarm 2 0X1B2D
Refer to TPU Power
Alarm
TPU frame number alarm 3 0X1B2E
Refer to TPU Frame
Number Alarm
Receiving RF Local
Oscillator PLL1 ~ 2 out of
Lock
3
0X1C00,
0X1C01
Refer to Receiving RF
Local Oscillator PLL1~2
out of Lock
Transmitting RF Local
Oscillator PLL1 ~ 2 out of
Lock
3
0X1C02,
0X1C03
Refer to Transmitting
RF Local Oscillator
PLL1~2 out of Lock
52M reference clock PLL
out of lock
3 0X1C04
Refer to 52 M
Reference Clock PLL Out
of Lock
Transmitting IF local
oscillator PLL out of lock
3 0X1C05
Refer to Transmitting
IF Local Oscillator PLL
Out of Lock
PA voltage standing wave
ratio alarm
3 0X1C08
Refer to PA Voltage
SWR Alarm
PA overheat minor alarm 4 0X1C09
Refer to PA Overheat
Minor Alarm
PA overheat major alarm 3 0X1C0A
Refer to PA Overheat
Major Alarm
PA output power alarm 3 0X1C0B
Refer to PA Output
Power Alarm
PAS power amplifier
power supply overvoltage
alarm
3 0X1C0C
Refer to PAS Power
Amplifier Power Supply
Over-voltage Alarm
PAS power amplifier
power supply
undervoltage alarm
3 0X1C0D
Refer to PAS Power
Amplifier Power Supply
Under-voltage Alarm
Alarm with the clock
between TPU and CMM
2 0X1B2C
Refer to Alarm with
Clock between TPU and
CMM
WATCHDOG overflow in
TPUs CHP DSP0
3 0X1B10
Refer to WATCHDOG
Overflow in TPUs CHP
DSP0
T
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M

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m

H
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g

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r
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r

TPUs CHP DSP1 ~ 3
4
0X1B11,
0X1B12,
0X1B13
Refer to WATCHDOG
Overflow in TPUs CHP
DSP1~3

Alarm
Type
Alarm Name
Default
Level
Code
(I D)
Remarks
FUC
3 0X1B18
Refer to WATCHDOG
Overflow in FUC
Parameter configuration
error in TPUs Channel 0
~ 7
4
0X1B1A
~0X1B2
1
Refer to Parameter
Configuration Error in
TPUs Channel 0~7
Inconsistent cell
parameter configuration
3 0X1B22
Refer to Inconsistent
Cell Parameter
Configuration
Inconsistent FUC
software versions
3 0X1B23
FUC Software Versions
Inconsistent CHP
software versions
3 0X1B24
CHP Software Versions
Temporary no response
from FUCs L3 software
4 0X1B25
Refer to Temporary No
Response from FUCs L3
Software
CIP parameter
configuration error
3 0X1B29
Cell Parameter
Configuration
TPUs CIP
3 0X1B2A
Refer to WATCHDOG
Overflow in TPUs CIP
Inconsistent CIP software
version
3 0X1B2B
CIP Software Versions
DLRC_AL downward link
check error
3 0X1C0E
Refer to DLRC_AL
Downward Link Check
Error
CMM Alarms
CMM Power Failure
1. Description
CMM board power failure alarm.
2. Related information
Alarm code: None.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: CMM board cannot work.
Alarm unit location type: SITE.
Internal handling flow: None.
3. Cause
The CMM board power supply fails.
4. Handling method

The E1 interface is automatically connected by means of spanning; it is
necessary to replace the CMM module as soon as possible.
5. Verification
The green PWR indicator of the CMM module is on.
6. Precautions
This alarm is not reported to the BSC and can be viewed through the
LMT.
LAPD Long-Time Link Disconnection
1. Description
The LAPD link is disconnected for a long time.
Alarm code: None
Alarm level: 3
Alarm influence: The site cannot work.
Alarm unit location type: SITE
Internal handling flow: Alarm; request for the soonest replacement of
CMM.
3. Cause
The communication between BTS and BSC is interrupted.
4. Handling method
i. Use the following flow to check whether it is the CMM board fault or
the transmission line problem.
Use LMT to check whether the CMM version is correct;
Disconnect the inlet and the outlet of E1 line at the BTS side to see
whether the red SYN indicator on the CMM panel is always on. If
not, it means that the CMM board has problem. Replace the CMM
board.
Self-loop the E1 line at the BTS side, and check status of the red
SYN indicator on the CMM panel.
If the red SYN indicator is always on when the E1 is self-looped,
replace the E1 interface line at the bottom. If it still does not work,
replace the CMM board.
If the red STN indicator is not on when the E1 is self-looped, it
means that the BTS E1 inout/oulet is normal. Check whether the
transmission line (including the grounding) is in good condition.
ii. If all devices are normal, check whether the software flow has any
problem with a signaling analyzer, and determine whether the
problem is at the BTS side or BSC side. Then, take further
measures as required.
5. Verification

The red STA indicator of the CMM board does not flash at 1 Hz
frequency.
6. Precautions
This alarm is not reported to BSC and can be viewed through the LMT.
CMM's FLASH Programming Failure
1. Description
CMM's FLASH programming failure alarm.
Alarm code: 0X1A01.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: No version can be loaded or accessed.
3. Cause
The FLASH is programmed too many times and read/write error occurs.
4. Handling method
Typically, it is the fault with the FLASH chip, and the user cannot solve
such problems. Replace the CMM module in time in the case of such
faults.
5. Verification
This alarm does not appear in the OMCR alarm interface.
6. Precautions
If the CMM board is not replaced in time, the device may not be
restarted after reset.
HW Long Time Link Disconnection
1. Description
The HW link is disconnected for a long time.
Alarm code: 0X1A02.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The site cannot work.
Internal handling flow: Alarm; request for soonest replacement of CMM.
3. Cause
The inner communication in the BTS is interrupted.
4. Handling method

i. Initiate the HW self-loop test flow and check whether it is the line
connection problem or the board chip fault.
ii. If no link can be established for any ETRM, it can be considered
that the CMM module is faulty. Replace the CMM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Power Over/Under-Voltage Alarms
1. Description
The power supply of CMM is over/under-voltage.
Alarm code: 0X1A03.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: CMM works abnormally.
Alarm unit location type: SITE
The power indicator displays the alarm.
Internal handling flow: None.
3. Cause
The voltage of the CMM power supply is out of the adjustable range.
4. Handling method
Replace the CMM as soon as possible.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Clock Exceptions (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK)
1. Description
The clock (13M, FCLK, SYNCLK) is abnormal.
Alarm code: 0X1A04, 0X1A09, 0X1A0A.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: the inner transmission link of the BTS is disconnected;
the frame numbers are confusing and the frequency combiner is
abnormal.

Clock alarm is displayed on the front panel.
Internal handling: none.
3. Cause
The CMM clock unit works abnormally.
4. Handling method
Replace the CMM.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Software Accumulative Frame Number
Inconsistent with Hardware Accumulative
Frame Number
1. Description
The software accumulated frame number differs from the hardware
accumulated frame number.
Alarm code: 0X1A05.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: the TPU frame numbers are confusing; and no ETRMs
managed by this CMM can work normally.

3. Cause
Interference level in the circuit causes the frame number accumulation
interrupted.
4. Handling method
Replace the CMM.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.

Alarms of Communication Link to Main
Rack
1. Description
Alarm happens with the communication link to the master rack.
Alarm code: 0X1A15.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: the site cannot implement the data/software loading
or O&M and it works abnormally.
3. Cause
The communication link from the rack to the master rack is faulty.
4. Handling method
i. Check whether the cables between the racks are connected
securely and whether the cables have been damaged. Correct the
faulty conditions.
ii. Start communication self-test of the master/slave racks to
determine whether it is the problem with the CMM hardware or
software flow. Solve the possible problems.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
This alarm should be handled immediately.

Alarm with Communication Link between
Master Rack and Left/Right Slave Rack
1. Description
Alarm happens with the communication link between the master rack
and left/right slave racks.
Alarm code: 0X1A16, 0X1A17.
Alarm Level.
Alarm influence: SITE.

3. Cause
The communication link from the master rack to the slave rack is faulty.
4. Handling method
i. Check whether the cables between the racks are connected
securely and whether the cables have been damaged. Correct the
faulty conditions.
ii. Start the master/slave communication self-check to determine
whether it is the problem with the CMM hardware or the software
flow. Solve the possible problems.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
E1 Carrier Wave Receiving Alarm (A, D
and E interfaces)
1. Description
E1 carrier wave receiving alarm (A, D and E interfaces).
Alarm code: 0X1A32, 0X1A4A, 0X1A52.
Alarm level:
Alarm influence: If tbe alarm does not occur frequently, it is little
influence on the call. If it occurs frequently (once every few minutes),
it can cause abnormal conversation, or abnormal link establishment
between ETRM and BSC.
3. Cause
The chip is faulty; the clock is abnormal; there is phase difference from
that of the BSC clock or the E1 line is not connected securely.
4. Handling method
i. Check the electrical connection performance of the E1 cable.
ii. If the E1 cable is in good condition, plug the module securely and
reset it.
iii. If the alarm persists, the E1 interface chip may be abnormal.
iv. If the chip self-test is passed, start the E1 interface self-loop test
flow.
v. If the E1 interface self-loop test is normal, it can be basically
considered that the transmission equipment is faulty. The alarm
handling varies depending on the possible causes.

5. Verification
6. Precautions
If the alarm does not appear frequently, it can be ignored.
Out-of-Frame Alarm at Receiving End of
E1 interfaces (A, D and E interfaces)
1. Description
Out-of-frame alarm at the receiving end of E1 interfaces (A, D and E
interfaces).
Alarm code: 0X1A33, 0X1A4B, 0X1A53.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: If it does not occur frequently, there is little influence
on the call. Alarm influence: If it occurs frequently (once every few
minutes), it can cause abnormal conversation, or abnormal link
establishment between ETRM and BSC.
3. Cause
that of the BSC clock, or the E1 line is not connected securely.
4. Handling method
reset it.
flow.
considered that the transmission equipment is faulty.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Forward Slip Code Indication at
Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D
and E interfaces)
1. Description

Positive slip code indication appears at the E1 interface transmitting
end (in the A, D and E interfaces).
Alarm code: 0X1A34, 0X1A4C, 0X1A54.
Alarm level: 3.
on the call. If it occurs frequently (once every few minutes), it can
cause abnormal conversation or abnormal link establishment between
ETRM and BSC.
3. Cause
4. Handling method
reset it.
flow.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Backward Slip Code Indication at
Transmitting End of E1 Interfaces (A, D
and E Interfaces)
1. Description
Negative slip code indication appears at the E1 interface transmitting
end (in the A, D and E interfaces).
Alarm code: 0X1A35, 0X1A4D, 0X1A55.
Alarm level: 3.
cause abnormal conversation, or abnormal link establishment between
ETRM and BSC.

3. Cause
4. Handling method
reset it.
flow.
5. Verification
6. Precautions

Forward Slip Code Indication at Receiving
End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and E
Interfaces)
1. Description
Positive slip code indication appears at the E1 interface receiving end
(in the A, D and E interfaces).
Alarm code: 0X1A36, 0X1A4E, 0X1A56.
Alarm level: 3.
ETRM and BSC.

3. Cause
4. Handling method
reset it.
flow.
5. Verification
6. Precautions

Backward Slip Code Indication at
Receiving End of E1 Interfaces (A, D and
E Interfaces)
1. Description
Negative slip code indication appears at the E1 interface receiving end
(in the A, D and E interfaces).
Alarm code: 0X1A37, 0X1A4F, 0X1A57.
Alarm Level: 3.
ETRM and BSC.

3. Cause
4. Handling method
reset it.
flow.
5. Verification
6. Precautions

ETRM Alarm
Dry Contact Alarm
1. Description
The dry contact alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0XF15~0XF20.
Alarm level: customized; for details, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2)
BS Subsystem Operation Manual.
Alarm influence: customized; for details, please refer to ZXG10-BSS
(V2) BS Subsystem Operation Manual.
3. Cause
For details, please refer to ZXG10-BSS (V2) BS Subsystem Operation
Manual.

4. Handling method
No handling is required.
5. Verification
None.
6. Precautions
None.
LNA (Low Noise Amplifier) Alarm
1. Description
Overcurrent alarm happens with the LNA (low noise amplifier).
Alarm code: 0X1AC8.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: the ETRM connected with it cannot work (if both the
main and diversity LNAs are faulty) or cannot work normally (if only
one LNA is faulty).
3. Cause
The LNA is overcurrent by 30%.
4. Handling method
Replace the AEM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Power Alarm for Tower Mounted Amplifier
1. Description
Tower amplifier power alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1AC9.
Alarm level: 4.
Alarm influence: uplink receiving sensitivity of related ETRM is affected.
3. Cause
The AEM tower amplifier power supply has an alarm. The alarm causes
should be analyzed comprehensively.
4. Handling method

Replace the tower amplifier or the AEM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
AEM SWR Minor Alarm
1. Description
AEM SWR minor alarm.
Alarm code: 0X1ACA.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: Transmission will be affected.
3. Cause
Alarm happens when the combiner standing wave ratio is larger than
1.4 and less than 3.0.
4. Handling method
Continue the observation. It is unnecessary to replace the AEM module
if the normal service is not affected.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
AEM SWR Major Alarm
1. Description
AEM SWR major alarm.
Alarm code: 0X1ACB.
Alarm level: 2.
Internal handling flow: Switch off the power amplifier, and then the
ETRM will be disabled and the standing wave ratio alarm cannot be
recovered automatically. It has to be recovered manually (reset the
CMM).
3. Cause

Alarm happens when the AEM SWR is 3.0.
4. Handling method
Refer to Handling of SWR Major Alarms.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
AEM Power Alarm
1. Description
The AEM power supply has an alarm.
Alarm code: 0X1ACC.
Alarm level: 2.
Internal handling flow: Relevant ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
The AEM power supply has an alarm.
4. Handling method
Replace the AEM in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
AEM Type Alarm
1. Description
AEM type alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1ACE.
Alarm level: 2.
Internal handling flow: Relevant ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
AEM type alarm happens.

4. Handling method
i. Check whether the AEM configuration type matches the actual type.
If not, replace it in time.
ii. If it does, check whether the AEM is plugged securely and powered
on. Check whether the backplane transmission is faulty, and
whether the ETRM collection circuit is faulty. Replace the related
cables or module if true.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
AEM Not-in-Position Alarm
1. Description
AEM not-in-position alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1ACF.
Alarm level: 2.
Internal handling flow: The power amplifier is shut down and relevant
ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
AEM not-in-position alarm happens.
4. Handling method
Replace the AEM module, and reset the ETRM that is connected with it.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
TPUs CHP DSP0 Initialization Failure
1. Description
TPUs CHP DSP0 initialization fails.
Alarm code: 0X1B04.
Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: If the ETRM with the DSP0 is the BCCH carrier, the
cell will not work normally. If not, the affected two physical channels of
the ETRM cannot work normally, but the other channels can.
Alarm unit location type: FU.
3. Cause
DSP software or hardware is in error.
4. Handling method
i. Download the DSP software again.
ii. Reset the ETRM frame and restart the DSP unit. Check whether the
alarm is recovered. If the alarm is recovered, the DSP initialization
failure is generally caused by strong external interference, and the
ETRM unit can still work normally. If the alarm cannot be recovered,
replace the corresponding ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
If the alarm affects the BCCH carrier, handle it immediately. If it
affects the TCH carrier only, handle it as soon as possible. Otherwise,
the traffic capacity of the cell will be affected.

TPUs CHP DSP1~3 Initialization Failure
1. Description
TPUs CHP DSP1~3 initialization fails.
Alarm code: 0X1B05, 0X1B06, 0X1B07.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: Two timeslots of the ETRM will not work normally.
That is, two physical channels of the ETRM cannot be used, which will
affect the traffic capacity of the cell.
Alarm unit location type: FU
Internal handling flow: If the BTS has another ETRM module, configure
the BCCH into another ETRM.
3. Cause
DSP software or hardware is wrong.
4. Handling method

5. Verification
6. Precautions
If the alarm affects the BCCH carrier, handle it immediately. If it
affects the TCH carrier only, handle it as soon as possible. Otherwise,
the traffic capacity of the cell will be affected.
RFAD6620 Initialization Failure
1. Description
RFAD6620 initialization fails.
Alarm code: 0X1B08.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The ETRM is unavailable. If it is a BCCH carrier, the
operation of the whole cell will be affected.
Internal handling flow: This ETRM is disabled. If it is a BCCH carrier,
implement the BCCH backup flow.

3. Cause
AD6620 initialization fails.
4. Handling method
i. Reset the module to have it work normally.
ii. If it does not work, replace the module immediately.
flow.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
RFAD6620 Resource Unavailable
1. Description
RFAD6620 resource is unavailable.

Alarm code: 0X1B09.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The ETRM is unavailable. If it is a BCCH carrier, the
Internal handling flow: Disable this ETRM. If the ETRM-carried TRX is a
BCCH carrier, perform the BCCH backup flow.
3. Cause
RFAD6620 resource is unavailable (the uplink data disappear suddenly).
4. Handling method
i. Reset the ETRM module to make it work normally.
ii. If it does not work, replace the ETRM module immediately.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
CIP Resource Unavailable
1. Description
CIP resource is unavailable.
Alarm code: 0X1B0A.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: This ETRM is unavailable. If it is a BCCH carrier, the
3. Cause
The data demodulation fails in uplink/downlink loops.
4. Handling method
i. If there is traffic on ETRM while the alarm happens, ETRM is normal.
ii. If there is no traffic on ETRM, or OMCR fails to initiate RF_LOOP
test, the ETRM has been damaged and should be replaced
immediately.
5. Verification
6. Precautions

TPUs FLASH MEMORY Error
1. Description
TPUs FLASH MEMORY is in error.
Alarm code: 0X1B0E.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The baseband processing unit cannot obtain correct
software version from the FLASH MEMORY, and the whole carrier unit
cannot work normally.
3. Cause
The FLASH is programmed too many times, read/write error occurs, or
the software checksum is wrong.
4. Handling method
i. Reset the carrier unit to see whether the alarm can be recovered. If
the alarm can be recovered, it is caused by the external
interference that leads to errors when the CPU reads data from the
FLASH MEMORY. The carrier unit can work normally after the fault
is recovered.
ii. If the resetting cannot recover the alarm, replace the ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
WATCHDOG Overflow in TPUs CHP
DSP0
1. Description
The WATCHDOG overflows in TPUs CHP DSP0.
Alarm code: 0X1B10.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The DSP0 of the channel processing unit does not
respond temporarily. The control unit reloads the DSP program and re-
initializes it. If the alarm cannot be recovered, the DSP loading does
not succeed. This fault may cause two channel of a carrier unit cannot
work normally. If the carrier is a BCCH carrier, the whole cell will be
unable to work normally.

Internal handling flow: If the BTS has other TRXs, configure the BCCH
into another TRX.
3. Cause
The DSP0 of the channel processing unit does not respond temporarily.
4. Handling method
i. First reset the TRX unit to see if the alarm can be recovered. If the
alarm can be recovered, the alarm is caused by the abnormity of
the internal DSP status. The carrier unit will work normally when
the fault is recovered.
ii. If the resetting cannot recover the alarm, have the BSC start the
BCCH changeover policy, and replace the ETRM module at the
same time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
WATCHDOG Overflow in TPUs CHP
DSP1~3
1. Description
The WATCHDOG overflows in TPUs CHP DSP1~3.
Alarm code: 0X1B11, 0X1B12, 0X1B13.
Alarm level: 4.
Alarm influence: The DSP1~3 of the channel processing unit do not
not succeed. This fault may cause two channel of a carrier unit cannot
work normally.
Internal handling flow: If the BTS has other TRXs, configure the BCCH
into another TRX.
3. Cause
The DSP1~3 of the channel processing unit do not respond temporarily.
4. Handling method
i. Reset the carrier unit and check whether the alarm can be
recovered. If the alarm can be recovered, the alarm is caused by
the abnormal internal DSP state. The carrier unit will work normally
after the reset.
5. Verification

6. Precautions
None.
WATCHDOG Overflow in FUC
1. Description
The WATCHDOG overflows in FUC.
Alarm code: 0X1B18.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The eight channels of the ETRM cannot be used. If
such an error happens during a call, the conversation will be
interrupted.
3. Cause
The FUC program does not respond temporarily.
4. Handling method
i. Reset the ETRM to solve the problems..
ii. If the resetting does not work, replace the ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Parameter Configuration Error in TPUs
Channel 0~7
1. Description
The parameter configuration in TPUs channel 0~7 is wrong.
Alarm code: 0X1B1A~0X1B21.
Alarm level: 4.
Alarm influence: In general, the BSC background validates the data
before the synchronization. This alarm seldom happens because the
data will not be synchronized unless the validity check passes. It
affects the channel assignment and normal work.
Internal handling flow: Relevant channels will be disabled; CMM tries to
re-configure parameters.
3. Cause

The parameter configuration is wrong.
4. Handling method
Wait for 10 minutes. If the alarm is not recovered, reconfigure the
parameters at the background and synchronize them to the BTS. If the
fault persists, replace the ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Inconsistent Cell Parameter Configuration
1. Description
The cell parameter configurations are inconsistent.
Alarm code: 0X1B22.
Alarm level: 3.
data will not be synchronized unless the validity check passes. It will
make the BTS unable to work normally.
Internal handling flow: CMM tries to re-configure parameters.
3. Cause
The cell parameter configuration is wrong, or conflicts with the
configuration of channel parameters and CIP parameters.
4. Handling method
Wait for 10 minutes. If the alarm is not recovered, reconfigure the
parameters at the background and synchronize them to the BTS.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Inconsistent FUC Software Versions
1. Description
The FUC software version is inconsistent.
Alarm code: 0X1B23.
Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot work normally.
Internal handling flow: Download the latest FUC software version again.
3. Cause
The FUC software version is loaded wrongly. If one is configured as
BCCH, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.
4. Handling method
Reset the ETRM module. If the resetting does not work, replace the
ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Inconsistent CHP Software Versions
1. Description
The CHP software version is inconsistent.
Alarm code: 0X1B24.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The four DSPs of the CHP cannot work. If one is
configured as BCCH, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.
Internal handling flow: Download the latest CHP software version again.
3. Cause
The CHP software version is loaded wrongly.
4. Handling method
ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Temporary No Response from FUCs L3
Software
1. Description
FUCs L3 software does not respond temporarily.

Alarm code: 0X1B25.
Alarm level: 4.
Alarm influence: The background cannot detect the FUC running
conditions, but it does not affect the phone calls.
3. Cause
The MO software (yes/no) does not respond temporarily (set by the
CMM).
4. Handling method
i. Wait for 10 minutes and check whether the alarm is recovered.
ii. If the alarm cannot be recovered for a long time, unplug and plug
the ETRM again and reset it when the traffic is not heavy.
iii. If the alarm occurs after the resetting, reset the CMM when the
traffic is not heavy.
iv. If the alarm persists, replace the ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
This alarm can be ignored.
Disconnected LAPD Link between FUC
and BSC
1. Description
The LAPD Link between FUC and BSC is disconnected.
Alarm code: 0X1B26.
Alarm level: 2.
Alarm influence: This FUC cannot work. If the FUC is a BCCH-TPU, it
will affect the services of the cell.
Internal handling flow: This ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
The L2 layer software of the FUC has not contacted the BSC for certain
time.
4. Handling method
Refer to LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier.

5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Interrupted Communication between CMM
and FUC
1. Description
The communication between CMM and FUC is interrupted.
Alarm code: 0X1B27.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The TPU polling is faulty; any data cannot be
transmitted between the TPU and CMM. The data configuration for the
FUC, CHP and CIP cannot be finished, and their statuses cannot be
reported.
3. Cause
The HDLC link between the OMU and the EAM is disconnected, or the
CMM hardware is in error.
4. Handling method
The system can go on but no data configuration can be implemented.
If the long-term link disconnection occurs only to the ETRM, follow the
following steps for troubleshooting:
i. Check whether the ETRM has been plugged or is plugged securely.
ii. Reset the ETRM and check whether the alarm is recovered.
iii. Check whether the CMM board works normally.
iv. Check whether the address switches on the backplane are correct.
v. Check whether the transmission lines on the backplane are properly
connected.
vi. Use the HW self-loop test to judge whether it is fault with hardware
or software. If it the fault with hardware, replace the related
module. If it is the fault with software, contact the local ZTE for
handling.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.

TPUs CIP Initialization Failure
1. Description
TPUs CIP initialization fails.
Alarm code: 0X1B28.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The modulation module cannot work, and the carrier
or cell (if the carrier is configured with BCCH) cannot work normally.
Internal handling flow: RCU is disabled.
3. Cause
DSP software or hardware is in error.
4. Handling method
5. Verification
6. Precautions
CIP Parameter Configuration Error
1. Description
CIP parameter configuration is wrong.
Alarm code: 0X1B29.
Alarm level: 3.
data will not be synchronized unless the validity check passes. It will
affect the normal work of the ETRM.
Internal handling flow: Relevant ETRM is disabled; CMM tries to re-
configure the parameters.
3. Cause
The parameter configuration is wrong or conflicts.

4. Handling method
i. Check the software configuration parameters (frequency, mode and
static power level). Re-configure the parameters at the background
and synchronize them to the BTS.
ii. If the above measures do not work, replace the ETRM in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
WATCHDOG Overflow in TPUs CIP
1. Description
The WATCHDOG overflows in TPUs CIP.
Alarm code: 0X1B2A.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The DSP program of the modulation module does not
not succeed. This fault may cause one carrier unit cannot work
normally.
Internal handling flow: FU keeps trying to download.
3. Cause
The DSP program of the modulation module does not respond
temporarily.
4. Handling method
i. Reset the carrier unit and check whether the alarm can be
recovered. If the alarm can be recovered, it is caused by the
abnormal internal DSP state. The carrier unit will work normally
after the reset.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Inconsistent CIP Software Versions
1. Description
The CIP software version is inconsistent.

Alarm code: 0X1B2B.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot work normally.
Internal handling flow: Re-download the latest CIP software version.
3. Cause
The CIP software version is loaded wrongly. If one is configured as
BCCH, the whole cell will be unable to work normally.
4. Handling method
ETRM module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Alarm with Clock between TPU and CMM
1. Description
Alarm happens with the clock between TPU and CMM.
Alarm code: 0X1B2C.
Alarm level: 2.
Alarm influence: The FUC cannot work. The cell service will be affected
if the FUC is a BCCH-TPU.
3. Cause
The clock between TPU and CMM is interrupted.
4. Handling method
i. If only this TPU in the BTS has this alarm, check whether the cables
are connected correctly at the backplane. If so, replace the ETRM
module.
ii. If other TPUs in the BTS also have this alarm, check whether the
CMM board of the BTS has any clock alarm. If any, replace the CMM.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.

TPU Power Alarm
1. Description
TPU power alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1B2D.
Alarm level: 2.
Alarm influence: The ETRM cannot work. The cell service will be
affected if the ETRM is a BCCH.
3. Cause
The power module on the TPU module has an alarm.
4. Handling method
Replace the ETRM.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.

TPU Frame Number Alarm
1. Description
TPU frame number alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1B2E.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot work. If the ETRM carries BCCH,
the cell service will be affected.
Alarm influence: Alarm will be reported. If the alarm cannot be
recovered for a long time, it marks this ETRM resource unavailable.
3. Cause
The frame clock FCLK has problems, or the upper-level frame number
synchronization source CMM has problems.
4. Handling method
i. Measure whether the frame clock FCLK is normal at the frame
number generation points. (If it is direct transmission, check
whether the clock frequency or wave shape is distorted. If this is

phase-lock generation, check whether there is any out-of-lock
alarm.) If there is any fault, replace the ETRM module.
ii. Observe whether the transmission link is normal, including whether
the transmitted clock is normal, whether the interface chip has any
alarm, and whether the error rate is too big.
iii. Observe whether there is any alarm with the upper-level frame
number synchronization source.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
Receiving RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2 out
of Lock
1. Description
Receiving RF local oscillator PLL1~2 are out of lock.
Alarm code: 0X1C00, 0X1C01.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot serve calls.
Alarm unit location type: CU.
3. Cause
The clock signal is unstable, or the ETRM phase-locked loop is faulty.
4. Handling method
i. Use the LMT to check whether there is any clock alarm. If any,
replace the related module. If none, check whether the TP interface
13 M clock on the front panel has any output. If there is no output,
the clock from TPU to RCU is faulty. Replace the ETRM module.
ii. If the above fault disappears, the local oscillator may be faulty.
Replace the ETRM in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions

Transmitting RF Local Oscillator PLL1~2
out of Lock
1. Description
Transmitting RF local oscillator PLL1~2 are out of lock.
Alarm code: 0X1C02, 0X1C03.
Alarm level: 3.
3. Cause
4. Handling method
i. Check whether there is any clock alarm through LMT. If yes,
replace the module concerned; if no, check the front panel TP
interface 13 M clock to see if there is any output. If there is no
output, the clock from TPU to RCU is faulty. Replace the ETRM
module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
52 M Reference Clock PLL Out of Lock
1. Description
The 52 M reference clock PLL is out of lock.
Alarm code: 0X1C04.
Alarm level: 3.
3. Cause

4. Handling method
replace the module concerned; if not, check the front panel TP
module.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
Transmitting IF Local Oscillator PLL Out of
Lock
1. Description
The transmitting IF local oscillator PLL is out of lock.
Alarm code: 0X1C05.
Alarm level: 3.
3. Cause
4. Handling method
replace the module concerned; if not, check the front panel TP
module.
Replace the ETRM in time. The alarm handling varies depending on
the possible causes.
5. Verification
6. Precautions

PA Voltage SWR Alarm
1. Description
PA voltage standing wave ratio alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1C08.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: This ETRM cannot serve calls for PA is damaged.
Internal handling flow: ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
The direct cause is the too large reverse power.
4. Handling method
i. Check whether the cables are secure.
ii. If the fault persists, replace the ETRM module in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
PA Overheat Minor Alarm
1. Description
PA overheat minor alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1C09.
Alarm level: 4.
Alarm influence: ETRM can still work, but the PA ages at a quicker step.
3. Cause
The PA is overheated. Possibly, the PA has worked at full power for a
long time; the fan is not running for a long time; the ambient
temperature is too high; or the detection circuit is faulty.
4. Handling method
i. Check whether the fan works normally and whether the ambient
temperature is too high.
ii. If the fan works normally and the ambient temperature is normal,
but the PA temperature alarm persists, the detection circuit may be
faulty. Continue the observation.
5. Verification

6. Precautions
None.
PA Overheat Major Alarm
1. Description
PA overheat major alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1C0A.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The TRU power output will be shut off protectively,
and the PA ages at a quicker step.
Internal handling: ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
The PA is overheated. Possibly, the PA has worked at full power for a
long time; the fan is not running for a long time; the ambient
temperature is too high; or the detection circuit is faulty.
4. Handling method
i. Check whether the fan works normally and whether the ambient
temperature is too high.
ii. If the fan works normally and the ambient temperature is normal,
but the PA temperature alarm persists, the detection circuit may be
faulty. Replace the ETRM in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
PA Output Power Alarm
1. Description
PA output power alarm happens.
Alarm code: 0X1C0B.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: The ETRM cannot serve calls, or the power control is
out of control.
3. Cause

The direct cause is the over double difference between the PA output
power and CIP control power.
4. Handling method
i. Reset the ETRM and observe whether the alarm can be recovered.
ii. If the fault persists, replace the ETRM module in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply Over-
voltage Alarm
1. Description
The PAS power amplifier power supply is over-voltage.
Alarm code: 0X1C0C.
Alarm level: 3.
The PA may be damaged, or the modulation module shuts off the
output power protectively.
Alarm unit location type: CU
3. Cause
The PAS power amplifier power supply is over-voltage.
4. Handling method
Check whether the PAS detection circuit is faulty. If so, replace the
ETRM module in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
PAS Power Amplifier Power Supply
Under-voltage Alarm
1. Description
The PAS power amplifier power supply is under-voltage.
Alarm code: 0X1C0D.
Alarm level: 3.

Alarm influence: The output power is abnormal.
3. Cause
The PA power amplifier power supply is under-voltage.
4. Handling method
Check whether the PAS detection circuit is faulty. If so, replace the
ETRM module in time.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
None.
DLRC_AL Downward Link Check Error
1. Description
The DLRC_AL downward link has check error.
Alarm code: 0X1C0E.
Alarm level: 3.
Alarm influence: Massive error codes appear between CHP and the
modulation module, the downward link is faulty, or the ETRM cannot
serve calls normally.
Internal handling flow: ETRM is disabled.
3. Cause
There is interference in the link between the CHP and modulation
module.
4. Handling method
i. Check the signal and timing between the CHP and modulation
module.
ii. If the fault persists, the ETRM is faulty. Replace it.
5. Verification
6. Precautions
If the alarm appears transiently, ignore it. If the alarm remains all the
time, handle it immediately.

Ch a p t e r 6
Troubleshooting

Summary of common problems
List of major faults
Troubleshooting procedure of components failures
Troubleshooting at the BS commissioning stage
Troubleshooting in the BS maintenance stage
Troubleshooting in the BS cutover and expansion stages

Summary of Common Problems
The common problems of BS21 (V2.2) device are shown in Table 17:
TAB L E 17 COMMON FAUL TS OF BS21 ( V2. 2) DEVI CE
Classification Symptom Remarks
BS works normally but the mobile
phone has no signals or can not access
the network
Refer to BS Works Normally
but Mobile Phone Has no
Signals or Cannot Access
Network
Handling of SWR major alarms
Refer to Handling of SWR
Major Alarms
Common
problems at the
commissioning
stage
Poor communication quality
Refer to Poor Conversation
Quality at BS
Shrinkage of BS Coverage.
Refer to Shrinkage of BS
Coverage
Cell Carrier not Occupied
Refer to Cell Carrier not
Occupied
LAPD broken-link of the BS carrier
Refer to LAPD Broken-Link of
BS Carrier
BS works normally but can not hand
over normally (It can not hand over
with the adjacent cells)
Refer to BS in Normal Status
but BS Handover Is
Abnormal
Handling the lightning-stricken BS
failures
Refer to Handling Lightning-
Stricken BS Faults
The signal of MS is not stable in idle
state.
Refer to MS Signal is not
Stable in Idle State
The signal of MS is not stable in busy
state.
Refer to Unstable MS Signal
in Conversation
The assignment success ratio of TCH is
low and calls are difficult to be put
through
Refer to TCH Assigned with
Low Success Ratio and Calls
Are Difficult to Get through
Common
problems in the
maintenance
stage
MS echoes occurring during
conversation
Refer to MS Echo during
Conversation
Unidirectional get-through occurring to
mobile phones
Refer to Unidirectional Mobile
Phone Calls
SDCCH occupied for a long time
Refer to SDCCH Occupied
too Long
Common
problems in the
cutover or
expansion stage
The call drop rate of a cell rises
Refer to Call Drop Rate in
Cell Rises Suddenly

Chapter 6 - Troubleshooting
List of Major Faults
A major fault of BTS refers to a failure that makes over 80% or all of the
subscribers of the station unable to communicate normally.
The major faults with the BS21 (V2.2) are as shown in Table 18.
TAB L E 18 MAJ OR FAUL TS OF BS21 ( V2. 2)
Serial
No.
Name of the Major Fault Handling Method
1
The antenna is damaged, which makes over
80% subscribers unable to communicate
normally
Refer to Poor Conversation
Quality at BS
2
Faults occur to the BS carrier (or channel),
which makes over 80% subscribers unable to
communicate
Refer to Cell Carrier not
Occupied
3
Lighting strike causes breakdown BSs or
makes all subscribers unable to communicate
normally.
Refer to Handling Lightning-
Stricken BS Faults
Troubleshooting Procedure of
Components Failures
1. Record the panel indicator states of the faulty components.
2. View alarms through OCMR or LMT. If LMT is normal but OMCR not,
report the problem to ZTE. If conditions permitting, trace the signaling
and attach the trace file.
3. Reboot the faulty components to see whether the faults still exist. If
not, they are good. If faults occur on PA, reboot the related TRU.
4. Unplug the faulty components and insert them again (if faults occur on
PA, insert TRU and PA again). Boot up to see whether alarms still occur
(if faults occur on PA, reboot the related TRU). If not, they are good.
5. Replace or change components.
i. Replace the faulty component with the similar component working
normally on the rack. If the fault follows the component, then the
component is faulty. If the fault is relevant to the slot, the
component is good. View the configuration and the backplane.
ii. If it works normally after the new component is installed, reinstall
the replaced component to the original location if there are not
similar components on the rack. If the component works normally
again, the component itself is good and it is unnecessary to replace
it with a new one. Otherwise, record the alarm and replace it with
the new one.

Troubleshooting at BS
Commissioning Stage
BS Works Normally but Mobile Phone Has
no Signals or Cannot Access Network
1. Symptom
The mobile station has no signals, displaying No network or nothing,
but BS is in good conditions (no alarms).
2. Source
Find the fault during the dialing test.
3. Related parts
OMCR parameter setting, transmission equipment, antenna feeder
system and ETRM modules.
4. Fault analyzing and locating
i. Trace the Abis interface message to see whether there are channel
request messages. If no channel request messages occur in the cell,
the fault occurs at the network side, otherwise the problem is with
the MS.
ii. Faults occurring at the network side may be caused by the
following factors.
LAC and cell code at the MSS side are not configured consistently
with those at the BSS side.
Wireless parameters are not configured properly.
The hardware faults of BS such as antenna feeder system fault,
network synchronization not being in locked status and frequency
deviation occur on the clock, or ETRM fault.
Transmission faults: Faults but no alarms occur to the transmission
(such as HDSL), unidirectional bit error occurs to the transmission,
bad grounding and other non-physical interruption faults. In the
ZXG10-BSS (V2) system, if BSC receives the signals from BTS but
BTS does not receive the signals from BSC, OMCR will indicate that
the transmission is normal (judged by whether BSC receives the
signal).
iii. Faults occurring at the MS may be caused by the following factors:
The MS is not located at the proper place. The quality of the signal
is too poor or the level is too low.
Deficient MS battery capacity causes its receiving capability to
decrease.

5. The fault location flow of BS is as shown in Figure 67.
FI GURE 67 BS FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART
Start
Trace the Abis interface
signaling and observe whether
there is any channel request
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
End
NO
YES
Observe whether the
MS is powered on
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
Charge the MS
Select an open or faraway
location and re-conduct
the dialing test
Check whether parameters
such as LAN and cell codes
are consistent at the MSS
side and the BSS side
Whether wireless parameters
need adjustment
Whether the CLK indicator of
the CMM module is normal
Whether the 13M clock is normal
Whether transmission is normal
Replace the TRM module
Adjust parameters such as
LAC and cell code to ensure
parameter consistency at
both sides
Adjust wireless parameters
Replace the CMM module
Use LMT to calibrate the clock
Remove the transmission fault

6. Troubleshooting
i. Start signaling trace of OMCR performance management to trace
the Abis interface messages. If no channel request messages occur
in the cell, the fault is at the network side, otherwise it is at the MS.
ii. MS Troubleshooting:
Test whether the battery supply is deficient. If yes, please charge it.
If not, move the MS to the open land or the place near to the BS to
test again.

iii. Network side troubleshooting:
Check whether LAC and cell code at the MSS side are configured
consistently with those at the BSS side. If abnormal, please modify
it. Otherwise please proceed with the next step.
Adjust related wireless parameters, set the RACH busy-threshold
and random access error threshold a little lower than the current
value, lower the MS minimum receiving signal level, set Cell
access permitted as Yes. If the fault still stays there, please
proceed with the next step.
View the CLK indicator of the CMM on site, if the green indicator is
on, the module is normal (the network synchronization is in locked
status); if the red indicator is on, replace the CMM.
Use LMT to view whether the frequency difference the clock outputs
is within the specified range if the indicator of the CMM is normal.
Inquire the transmission equipment room whether transmission
alarms exist. Check whether the transmission grounding is good
enough and whether transmission alarms occur in the TIC board of
BSC and the CMM at the BTS side. In addition, test the
transmission bit error when necessary.
Replace the ETRM to see if faults occur to the ETRM.
iv. If the fault is not solved after the above operations, please report
the fault to the local maintenance office.
7. Precautions
None.
Handling of SWR Major Alarms
1. Symptom
The major alarm of the standing wave ratio of the combiner occurs on
the OMCR alarm background and no output signals appear in the
carrier connected to the combiner.
2. Source
The severity alarm of the standing wave ratio of the combiner occurs in
the fault management of the background O&M system.
3. Related parts
AEM, ETRM and the antenna feeder system
The alarm may be caused by:
i. The standing wave ratio of the antenna feeder system of the
combiner is so large that it overruns the 3.0 threshold value.
ii. The alarm cable from the AEM to ETRM or the one from ETRM to
CRM may not be connected properly since the standing wave ratio
alarm of AEM is reported to the CMM through the ETRM.
iii. Open circuit or high impedance occurs in the external port of the
combiner.

5. The AEM fault locating flow is as shown in Figure 68.
FI GURE 68 AEM FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW
Remotely reset the
TRM module
Remotely reset the CMM
module
Whether the alarm disappears
Whether the TRM module is
inserted properly
Ensure good contact
between the TRM module
and the backplane
Whether the CMM
indicator is normal
Whether the SWR level-1
alarm indicator on the AEM
module panel is on
Remove the fault of
the antenna feeder system
Whether the alarm disappears
NO
YES
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
End
Start
Whether the SWR
minor alarms occur at the
same time
YES
NO

6. Troubleshooting
i. Check the time when the alarm occurs and carefully observe
whether the minor alarm of the standing wave ratio occurs at the
same time. If yes, see whether the AEM needs to be replaced
considering fault may occur at the test circuit of the standing wave
ratio. If not, go on to the next step.
ii. If permitted (in the case of little traffic or influence), remotely reset
the ETRM the AEM corresponds to at OMCR to see whether the
alarm will disappear, if not, go on to the next step.
iii. If permitted (in the case of little traffic or influence), remotely reset
the BS (reset the CMM) to see whether the alarm will disappear, if
not, go on to the next step.
iv. Go to the BS site to check whether the ETRM is contacted with the
backplane properly. After the fault is eliminated, go on to the next
step.
v. Check if the panel indicator of the CMM module is normal; if not,
try to replace the CMM module.
vi. Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave
ratio on the AEM panel. If it is on, check the standing wave ratio of
the jumper, master feeder and antenna from the combiner output
interface section by section until the reason why the standing wave
ratio is getting worse is found: Whether the connectors between
the set top hopper, master feeder and antenna are in poor contact
or the leakage from poor encapsulation. At last, consult Appendix A
to replace the faulty parts until the faults are eliminated.
7. Precautions
None.
Poor Conversation Quality at BS
1. Symptom
After the MS is powered on, it can find its network and the caller and
the called can both get through each other. But the voice quality is too
poor and distinct noises occur in the conversation.
2. Source
Faults occur in dialing.
3. Related parts
Wireless parameters of OMCR, the antenna feeder system, RF cable
and CMM modules.
4. Analysis and locating
If the MS can make phone calls, it means the signaling channel is
normal.
Poor voice quality is caused by the high voice bit error at the wireless
interface, which is caused by low receiving level, clock faults or co-
channel interference. In the BS21 (V2.2) equipment, the conversation

quality will be influenced by the wrong configuration of the DIP switch
of the E1 matched resistance on the CMM board.
The low receiving level may be caused by the following factors:
i. Inappropriate parameter configuration
Such as the MS maximum transmission power MSTXMAXCCH upon
access in the cell radio parameters and the MS maximum
transmission power MSTXPWRMAX used for power control.
ii. Faulty antenna feeder system.
Such as the abnormal standing wave ratio, improperly set
orientation and descending angle or acute descending of the
antenna causing the aberration of the field intensity and making
the coverage unpredictable.
iii. Low BS transmission power.
5. The fault locating flow is as shown in Figure 69.
FI GURE 69 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR POOR CONVERSATI ON QUAL I TY FAUL TS
Start
Whether the
downlink signal is
too low
Whether theuplink
signal is too poor
Whether the clock
is normal
Whether the E1
DIP switch of the
CMM is set
correctly
Whether the
TRM-AEM RF cable
connection is reliable
Whether the SWR
level-1 alarmindicator
on theAEM module
panel is on
Whether the output
power of the PA is
normal
Remove the fault
of the antenna
feeder fault
Calibrate CKU and
replacethe CMM
YES
NO
YES
Adjust power
control and
replace the TRM
module
NO
NO
YES
YES
Whether there
exists co-frequency
interference
End
Correctly set theE1
DIP switch
Adjust the frequency
point data
YES
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
Whether the antenna
direction angle and the
elevation angleare
normal
Adjust theantenna
direction angleand
theelevation angle
NO
Whether the
TRM-AEM RF cable
connection is reliable
Remove the
connection problem
between the divider
and theTRM
NO
Whether thewireless
parameters arerational
Adjust wireless
parameters
NO
YES
Removethe
TRM-AEM
connection
problems

6. Troubleshooting
i. View the signal intensity of the MS. If the intensity is low, the
receiving level is too low. Follow the steps below to eliminate the
faults.
Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM is
connected normally. If not, please connect them again. Otherwise,
go on to the next step.
Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave
the jumper, master feeder and antenna from the combiner output
interface section by section until the reason why the standing wave
ratio is getting worse is found: Whether the connectors between
the set top hopper, master feeder and antenna are in poor contact
or the leakage from poor encapsulation. At last, consult Appendix A
to replace the faulty parts until the faults are eliminated. If the
alarm indicator is still off, proceed with the next step.
View whether the orientation and the pitch angle are normal. If
abnormal, adjust the antenna, otherwise, proceed with the next
step.
Measure the PA output power to confirm whether it is much lower
than the normal value (please refer to Measuring Amplifier Output
Power for its testing method). If the output power is abnormal,
adjust the power control. If still too low, replace the ETRM.
Otherwise, skip into Step 3.
ii. View the measure report from BTS. If it is the uplink level
difference, follow the steps below to eliminate the fault.
Check whether the wireless parameters are configured properly
from the background. Focus on checking the MS maximum
transmission power MSTXMAXCCH upon access in the cell wireless
parameters (Path: wireless resource configuration cell modify
wireless parameters) and the MS maximum transmission power
MSTXPWRMAX used for power control (Path: wireless resource
configuration cell changeover control parameter other
parameters); In the GSM 900 network, set these two parameters
as 33 dBm while in the GSM 1800 network, they are set as 30 dBm;
If parameters are set correctly, go on to the next step;
Check whether the RF cable between the combiner and the ETRM is
connected normally, if abnormal, please connect them again.
Otherwise, go on to the next step.
iii. View whether clock alarms occur at the CMM, or go to the site to
view the CLK indicator of the CMM. If its green indicator is on, the
module is normal (the network synchronization is in locked status).
If the red indicator is on, replace the CMM. If the indicator is
normal, use LMT to view whether the frequency error the 13M clock
outputs is within the specified range.
iv. If the clock is normal, check whether phase-locked loop alarms
occur at the ETRM. If yes, replace the ETRM. Otherwise, go on to
the next step.

v. Correctly set the E1 DIP switch of the CMM (For coaxial cables, set
it as 75 )
vi. Check whether co-channel interference occurs. If yes, please adjust
the frequency.
7. Precautions
None.
Troubleshooting in BS
Maintenance Stage
Shrinkage of BS Coverage
1. Symptom
The shrinkage of BS coverage somewhat results in the blind area
within a certain range: Calls can not be made where the calls can be
made formerly and poor signal quality or no signals occur where the
signal quality is good originally, and call drops increase obviously.
2. Source
Find the fault when making a phone call.
3. Related parts
Antenna feeder system, parameter settings, ETRM modules and
environment influence.
4. Analysis and locating
Many technical indexes such as system frequency, sensitivity and
power or geography and electromagnetic environment may directly
influence the coverage of the BS. Normally, the technical indexes of
the system is comparatively stable. The BS constructed in an
unfavorable environment, maintained improperly or its poor quality
may influence its coverage.
The following factors will influence the coverage of the BS: Too low
power amplifier output, decreased receiver sensitivity, inclined azimuth
angle, changed antenna pitch angle, changed gain and height, feeder
cable or combiner loss, changed working frequency and transmission
environment and diversity reception.

5. Fault locating flow is as shown in Figure 70.
FI GURE 70 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART OF SHRI NK AGE OF BS COVERAGE
Start
YES
NO
Whether the antenna is
damaged
YES
Replace the antenna
Whether there are changes to
the wireless parameters
Adjust wireless
parameters
YES
NO
Whether there exist strong
interference sources in the
surrounding
Reduce the
influence
of external
interference
YES
Check whether the TRM-AEM
RF cable connection is reliable
Remove the
TRM-AEM cable
connection problems
NO
End
NO
Check whether the SWR
level-1 alarmindicator on the
AEM module panel is on
Remove the fault
of the antenna
feeder system
NO
YES
YES
Whether the output power
of the PA is normal
YES
Adjust power
control and
replace the TRM
NO
Check whether there
are obstacles in
the surrounding
Whether theantenna
direction angleand theelevation
anglearechanged
Adjust the antenna
direction angle and
its mounting height
NO
YES
NO
Adjust the antenna
direction angle and
the elevation angle

6. Troubleshooting
i. Check whether the level threshold of the RACH receiving signal has
changed. If the threshold is much greater than before, it may
reduce the BS coverage.
ii. Check whether there exists strong interference, which will reduce
the receiving sensitivity and coverage of BS.
iii. Check whether the loss from the leakage of RF signal is caused by
the improper RF cable connection between the ETRM and the AEM.
iv. Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave
the jumper, main feeder and antenna from the AEM outlet section
by section until the reason why the standing wave ratio is getting
worse is found. The connectors between the set bottom jumper,
main feeder and antenna not contacted properly or feeder cable
leakage will reduce the transmission power to influence coverage.
At last, refer to Appendix A and replace the faulty parts until the
fault is eliminated.
v. Check if the output power of PA has decreased. If abnormal, adjust
the power control. If still too low, replace the ETRM.
vi. Check whether other antennas or obstacles exist around the
antenna. If yes, adjust the azimuth angle and height of the antenna
in time to lessen the influence.
vii. Check whether the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the antenna
have changed since the deviation of them will cause smaller BS
coverage. Please adjust them in time after confirming the fault.
viii. Use the power meter to check whether the lower transmission
power of the antenna is caused by the negative leakage of the
directional antenna. If yes, please replace the antenna in time.
7. Precautions
Consider the following cases if the BS coverage is found to be poorer
during BS expansion.
i. Whether different types of couplers are used since if the type or
number of them is different, the generated attenuation will also be
different.
ii. Check whether the new antenna is installed as required, such as
azimuth angle and inclination angle, mounting height and whether
the coverage of the main antenna and the diversity is in
consistency, deviation from which may result in unstable coverage
effect when subscribers occupy different antennas.
iii. Check whether the receiving sensitivity of BS is normal.

Cell Carrier not Occupied
1. Symptom
In dynamic data management, it is found this carrier is never occupied
by traffic, while the other states of it remain normal.
Use the test mobile-phone to conduct dialing test to the BS and we find
the frequency of the carrier cannot be occupied all the time.
The symptom mentioned above can be further subdivided into the
following cases:
i. The carrier is not occupied. But after blocking the other TCH
carriers, the time slot of the carrier can be occupied normally.
ii. The carrier is not occupied. But after the other TCH carriers are
blocked, the time slot of the carrier still cannot be occupied
normally.
iii. The carrier is not occupied. But after other TCH carriers are blocked,
time slot of the carrier can be occupied transitorily and released.
2. Source
Find the faults when observing the dynamic data management of the
background O&M system and try the dialing test.
3. Related parts
The connection between the ETRM and the backplane, the RF cable of
the ETRM and the AEM, the RF cable of the dividers of the ETRM and of
the AEM and ETRM modules.
For the above three symptoms, the respective causes that make the
carrier not occupied are:
i. According to the TCH assignment algorithm of the ZTE BSC, if a
time slot is assigned unsuccessfully, the priority of the time slot will
be decreased and other carrier slots will be firstly assigned in the
next assignment. The time slot can not be assigned until the traffic
gets heavier. So after other carriers are blocked, the time slot of
this carrier can be occupied normally.
ii. The pin of the carrier is in poor contact with the backplane
(especially during BS debugging). At this time, the time slot of this
carrier can still not be occupied normally after the other TCH
carriers are blocked while the status observed from the dynamic
data management is normal.
iii. The output power of this carrier or PA is lower than that of other
carriers. In this case, forcedly occupying the carrier time slot after
other carriers are blocked may cause the time slot of the carrier to
be occupied transitorily and then released.

FI GURE 71 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR CEL L CARRI ER NOT BEI NG OCCUPI ED
Start
Whether TRU-PA-AEM RF
cableconnection is reliable
Whether the PA output
power is too low
NO
YES
Adjust power control
and replacetheTRM
NO
YES
NO
Whether the carrier
can only be occupied for
a short time
Whether the carrier is not
occupied for a long time
Block the TCH channel
of other carriers
Unblock the TCH
channel of other
carriers
Remotely reset the
TRM
Whether the fault is
solved
NO
Whether divider-TRU RF
cableconnection is reliable
Remove the TRU-
divider connection
problems
Removethe
TRU-PA-AEM
connection problems
Whether the TRM is
inserted tightly
Insert the TRM
module tightly
Replace the TRM
module
YES
YES
End
YES
YES
NO
NO
YES

6. Troubleshooting
i. Observe the time slot occupancy in dynamic data management to
confirm whether it has not been occupied for a long time.
ii. At night, when the traffic gets less, block the TCH slots of the other
carriers by blocking the logic channel.
iii. Observe the time slot occupancy of the carrier, if there are TCHs
occupied stably for a long time, the fault may be caused by the
improper algorithm assignment. Not changing the carrier eagerly,
go on observing to see whether the fault still occurs and the
performance indexes of the current cell decrease.
iv. If the time slot is transitorily occupied (with 10 seconds), consider
whether faulty time slots occur at the carrier. Remotely reset the
carrier, and continue observing it. If still so, go to the site to test
the PA output power or the receiving level of the test mobile phone.
If the PA output power of the carrier is lower than that of other
carriers, adjust the power control. If the fault still stays there,
consider replacing the ETRM. If the ETRM functions well, check

whether the receiving RF cables of the two RX of ETRM are properly
connected with the RF combiner.
v. If the carrier is still not be occupied after other carriers are blocked,
it is necessary to go to the site to check whether the RF cable
between ETRM and AEM is firmly connected. In addition, check
whether the ETRM is tightly inserted in the backplane. If necessary,
replace its location with that of another carrier.
7. Precautions
Be careful not to block the SDCCH channel when blocking the TCH time
slots of other carriers.
LAPD Broken-Link of BS Carrier
Carrier LAPD Broken-link at a Site
1. Symptom
Observed from dynamic data management, the carrier LAPD broken-
link occurs at a site.
2. Source
The fault is detected during observing dynamic data management.
3. Related parts
BSC, backplane, ETRM, and transmission equipment.
The fault may be caused by:
i. Defective backplane connection.
ii. Faulty ETRM.
iii. BSC-side hardware fault.
iv. Transmission failure.

FI GURE 72 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR CARRI ER L APD BROK EN- L I NK AT A SI TE
Remove the
transmission fault
Handle the board alarm
at the BSC side
Correctly connect
E1
Start
Reset the CMM
Whether foreground-
background connection
times out
YES
NO
Check whether E1
connection is normal
YES
NO
Check whether BSC has
board alarms
YES
NO
Whether transmission has
faults
YES
NO
Whether the LAPD of
the TRM at the same layer
is broken
YES
NO
Remove the backplane
fault
Reset or replace
the TRM
End

6. Troubleshooting
i. Remotely reset the CMM to reset the BS. If the system indicates
connection timeout, the communication link from OMCR to the
CMM of the BS is broken.
ii. Check whether the alarm occurs at all FUCs in the BS. If yes, follow
the steps below to eliminate the fault:
Check whether the E1 line is correctly connected.

If yes, check whether alarms occur at the TIC board, LAPD board
and BOSN board. If yes, eliminate the corresponding faults.
Implement transmission self-loop at the BSC side. If the alarm of
the LAPD broken-link disappears, the BSC-side equipment is normal.
Check whether faults occur during transmission. Use a BER tester
to measure the bit error ratio of the transmission. If abnormal,
eliminate the transmission fault including transmission equipment
and grounding faults.
iii. If LAPD broken-links only occur at one ETRM layer, check whether
the backplane cable is correctly connected.
iv. If LAPD broken-links only occur at a ETRM, reset the ETRM. If the
fault still stays there, replace the ETRM module.
7. Precautions
No transmission alarms occurring at the BSC side does not mean the
transmission is normal, since the transmission alarm of BSC only
appears in the case of broken physical connection, while the
transmission bit error or poor grounding does not result in alarms.
Wide-spread Transient Interruption of BS
Carrier LAPD
1. Symptom
LAPD broken-link occurs in some base stations at nearly the same time
and automatically gets normal in 10 ~ 20 seconds without any
handling.
2. Source
The background O&M system reports related alarms.
3. Related parts
Faults between MP and the LAPD board, transmission equipment.
The fault is caused by:
i. Interrupted or unstable transmission (intermittent) interrupts the
BS LAPD, which features transmission alarms or alarm records.
ii. The faults between the internal MP of BSC and the LAPD board
result in the transiently interrupted LAPD link, which features the
strict consistency of the LAPD interruption time with its recovery
time (accurate to the second level) on the carrier of the same LAPD
board, while different LAPD boards have a little difference in
interruption time and recovery time.
iii. The BS-side CMM reset causes the LAPD to be transitorily
interrupted, which features the little difference between the carrier
LAPD interruption time and its recovery time of the BS (about
several seconds).

FI GURE 73 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR WI DE- SPREAD TRANSI ENT I NTERRUPTI ON
OF BS CARRI ER L APD
Start
Reset the LAPD board
YES
Whether there are
transmission alarms
End
solved
Replace the LAPD
board
Remove the
transmission fault
YES
NO
NO
Analyze and confirm
the fault
LAPD board

6. Troubleshooting
i. Check whether transmission alarms occur during LAPD interruption.
If yes, check whether the E1 interface is contacted reliably,
whether faults occur in the transmission grounding, whether alarms
occur in the transmission equipment, and eliminate the
corresponding faults.
ii. Analyze the LAPD interruption and recovery time to find the faulty
LAPD board and reset it. If the reset is not effective, replace the
LAPD board.
iii. The system will automatically become normal without any handling
if the LAPD interruption is caused by resetting the CMM.
7. Precautions
Check the attributes of related carriers in equipment configuration to
judge whether the carriers are of the same LAPD board.

Faults in a LAPD Board
1. Symptom
Broken links occur on the carrier LAPD of some base stations at the
same time, and no alarms occur in BSC and related base stations.
2. Source
The background O&M system reports related alarms.
3. Related parts
The LAPD board at the BSC side.
If broken links occur on the carrier LAPD of some cells at the same
time, check the relations between these cells, paying special attention
to whether they are connected with the same LAPD board.
FI GURE 74 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR L APD BOARD
Start
Reset the LAPD board
YES
End
solved
Replacethe LAPD
board
NO
Analyze and confirm
a certain LAPD board
fault

6. Troubleshooting
i. Judge whether the carrier LAPD channels of the cells mentioned
above are handled by the same LAPD board.
ii. If yes, reset the LAPD board. If the reset is ineffective, please
replace the LAPD board.

7. Precautions
Check the attributes of related carriers in equipment configuration to
judge whether the carriers are of the same LAPD board.
BS in Normal Status but BS Handover Is
Abnormal
1. Symptom
BS is normal but can not hand over with the adjacent cells.
2. Source
The fault is detected in dynamic data management.
3. Related parts
Handover cells of OMCR, the setting of the handover parameters and
the clock unit of CMM.
Data or hardware faults may trouble the handover of the mobile phone.
i. Adjacent cells are improperly set.
ii. Improper handover parameter settings.
iii. Deviation occurs in the BS clock.

FI GURE 75 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW FOR A NORMAL BS B UT WI TH AB NORMAL BS
HANDOVER
Start
YES
NO
YES
End
Change the clock
synchronization mode
NO
Adjust the handover
parameter
Whether there are clock alarms
Remake adjacent
cell data
Use LMT to check the
13M clock and calibrate it
Reset the CMM
Whether handover is normal
NO
NO
YES
Whether the handover
parameter is proper
Whether performance indices
are normal
Handle themproperly
according to
the abnormal indices
NO
YES

6. Troubleshooting
i. Check whether the performance indexes of the current cell are
normal.
ii. Check whether the handover data of the current cell with the
adjacent cells are correct. If yes, delete the data of the adjacent
cells and configure it again. If the fault remains, go on to the next
step.

iii. Check whether there is any alarm information about the clock fault
at the background. If there are 8 K clock alarms or other alarm
information, reset and restart the base station (just by resetting
the CMM module); if this method does not work, modify the clock
synchronization mode of the BS at the background (from internal
synchronization to the external synchronization).
iv. Use the frequency meter to view whether the frequency difference
the 13 M clock outputs is within the specified range at the front
panel of the BS21 (V2.2) rack. If abnormal, use LMT to calibrate
the clock.
7. Precautions
Introduce the precautions during troubleshooting of this fault.
Handling Lightning-Stricken BS Faults
1. Symptom
After thunder storm, the BS breaks down.
2. Source
Find the fault through the board indicator and the alarms of the
background O&M system.
3. Related parts
BS power supply, transmission equipment, CMM module and CMM
backplane.
The fault is caused by board faults from the lightning strike. Experience
shows that the faults caused by lightning strike include:
i. Damaged -48 V BS power supply.
ii. Damaged BS transmission.
iii. Damaged BS CMM module.
iv. Damaged CMM backplane.

FI GURE 76 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR L I GHTNI NG- STRI CK EN BS
Conduct E1 self-loop at
theBSC side
Whether theTIC
board has any
transmission alarm
Start
Whether theCMM
has any fault
Replacethebackplane
Whether transmission
has any fault
End
Whether the-48 DC
power is normal
Removethe
power supply
fault
Replacethe
CMM module
Removethe
transmission
fault
YES
NO
YES
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES

6. Troubleshooting
Check the possibly damaged parts one by one.
i. Check whether the power supply can be normally powered on and
whether its -48 V power can meet the requirements.
ii. Check whether the transmission is normal.
Self-loop the E1 line to the BSC to see whether transmission alarms
occur at the BSC side. If yes, the fault occurs during transmission.
iii. If not, the transmission is not certainly normal. Use the following
steps to judge whether the faults occur on the CMM boards or the
transmission lines.

Disconnect the inlet and the outlet of E1 at the BTS side to see
whether the red SYN light in CMM is always on. If not, replace the
CMM module.
Self-loop E1 line at the BTS side to observe the status of the red
SYN light in CMM. If it is always on, replace the E1 interface line of
the set bottom. If it does not work, replace the CMM. If it is not on,
the inlet and outlet of BTS E1 are normal. Proceed with next step to
check whether transmission faults occur.
Inquire the transmission equipment room whether transmission
alarms occur. Check whether the transmission grounding is good
enough. Test the transmission bit error when necessary.
iv. Under the most unfavorable conditions, replace the CMM backplane.
7. Precautions
Make sure to self-loop the E1 line to the BSC through the transmission
equipment at the BS.
MS Signal is not Stable in Idle State
1. Symptom
In idle state, the receiving signals of mobile phones fluctuate.
Sometimes signals suddenly disappear and appear again after a
moment.
2. Source
3. Related parts
The location of the mobile phone, reselection parameter setting, ETRM
and AEM modules.
Without considering the quality and unstable performance caused by
the long use of the mobile phone, the change of the receiving signal
level of the mobile phone reflects the change of the local wireless
signal intensity. The factors that influence the wireless signal intensity
of a place include:
i. Landform.
ii. Unstable BS transmission equipment. For example, when the ETRM
PA bearing the BCCH frequency works unstably or the RF
connection from ETRM to AEM is unreliable, the transmission power
of the ETRM will be unstable which will result in the unstable phone
signal.
iii. Cell reselection leads to the change of signal receiving intensity of
the mobile phone.

FI GURE 77 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR UNSTAB L E MS SI GNAL I N I DL E STATE
Adjust thesetting
of there-selected
parameters
Start
End
YES
YES
YES
Whether thePA output
power is normal
NO
Replace theTRM
module
Whether theTRM-AEM
RF cableis reliably
connected
Reliably connect
the TRM-AEM
RF cable
NO
Whether the re-selected
parameters are proper
NO
YES
Whether thereareobstacles
in thesurrounding
NO Adj ust the antenna
direction angle, mounting
height and other
performance indices

6. Troubleshooting
i. Analyze whether that place is covered by multiple overlapped cells.
If yes, check the reselection relations and reselection parameter
settings between cells. Reset the cell reselection relations since the
improper setting of it may cause the mobile phone to drop out of
the network and access again.
ii. Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM is
connected normally. If abnormal, please connect them again.
iii. Test the PA output power and observe whether the test signal level
fluctuates too large, to judge whether the BS transmission
equipment is working stably. If yes, attempt to replace the ETRM
module.
iv. Check the landform around the mobile phone within 500 meters.
According to the radio wave transmission theory, if multiple
obstacles exist, the receiving signal will be the overlap of various
reflection waves, which will cause the brief fading (rayleigh fading)
and a 10 dBm ~ 20 dBm change to the receiving signal. If
obstacles really exist near the mobile phone, please adjust the
azimuth angle and the height of the antenna.
7. Precautions
None.

Unstable MS Signal in Conversation
1. Symptom
Unstable MS Signal in conversation.
2. Source
3. Related parts
ETRM module, RF connection and the antenna feeder system.
i. If the TCH and BCCH occupied by MS are not of the same carrier
and the ETRM where the TCH is in is working unstably, it will cause
the MS to present strong signals in idle state and weak signal in
conversation.
ii. Too frequent MS handover (ping-pong handover) will cause
unstable MS signals in conversation.
FI GURE 78 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR UNSTAB L E MS SI GNAL S I N
CONVERSATI ON
Reset theTRM
Whether the
TRM-AEM RF cable
is reliably connected
Start
Replace theTRM
module
End
Whether exceptions
occur at sometimeslots
of acertain carrier
Removethe
power supply
fault
Reliably connect
the TRM-AEM
RF cable
YES
NO
YES
NO

6. Troubleshooting
i. Check whether the unstable signal occurs at some time slots of a
carrier or multiple carriers in dynamic data management (or use a
mobile phone to perform the on-site dialing test).
ii. If the unstable signal occurs at some time slots of a carrier, check
the fault according to the following steps:
Reset the carrier.
Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM and
that between the divider and the ETRM are connected normally. If
abnormal, please connect them again.
Replace the ETRM.
iii. If the unstable signal occurs at multiple carriers of the cell,
eliminate the fault following the steps below.
Check whether the main and the diversity antennas of the
abnormal cell are consistent in the orientation and pitch angle. If
not, please adjust them in time.
Measure the standing wave ratio of the antenna feeder system and
eliminate the symptom such as abnormal connections of the
connectors of the antenna feeder system or water leakage of the
feeder cable.
7. Precautions
None.
TCH Assigned with Low Success Ratio
and Calls Are Difficult to Get through
1. Symptom
The calls in a cell are always difficult to get through. The TCH is
assigned with a low success ratio (only about 30% ~ 40%), but it will
recover after a period of time.
2. Source
Find the fault in making a phone or observing the dynamic data
management.
3. Related parts
ETRM module and the feeder cable connected with ETRM.
That the TCH is assigned with a low success ratio but can be occupied
indicates the data is configured correctly. Maybe the fault occurs on
the hardware and its connection.

FI GURE 79 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR L OW TCH ASSI GNMENT SUCCESS RATI O
AND PHONES BEI NG DI FFI CUL T TO GET THROUGH
Start
NO
YES
Whether thealarm is
solved
Handleaccordingly
based on thealarm
information
Confirm thefaulty
carrier and TCH
Whether theTRM-AEM
RF cableis reliably
connected
Reliably connect the
TRM-AEM RF cable
NO
YES
End
NO
NO
Whether thefault is solved
Reset theTRM
ReplacetheAEM
module
ReplacetheAEM
module
Whether thefault is solved
YES
YES

6. Troubleshooting
i. Select an appropriate time when the traffic is not too large or too
little to block all TCHs of other carriers except one TCH in dynamic

data management by blocking the logic channels. Observe whether
the calls can be made normally and check them in turn until the
faulty ETRM and TCH are located.
ii. If alarms occur, handle the fault according to the alarm information.
iii. Otherwise, follow the steps below to eliminate the fault.
Check whether the RF cable between the ETRM and the AEM, and
that between the two-channel receiving signals of ETRM and the
AEM divider output end are normal. If abnormal, please connect
them again.
Reset ETRM. If the problem is not solved, replace the ETRM.
If the ETRM is normal, replace the AEM.
7. Precautions
None.
MS Echo during Conversation
1. Symptom
MS echoes occur in conversation.
2. Source
3. Related parts
Handover parameters, ETRM module.
i. Faults occur at the echo suppressor set between PLMN and PSTN
network.
ii. Echoes will appear if the TC unit, which implements transcoding
and rate adaptation at the BSC side, goes wrong.
iii. The transmission circuit of MS goes wrong.
iv. Echoes can also be caused by the loop from the careless daily
maintenance of the circuits of the A interface and Abis interface.
v. The voice decoding part in the ETRM module goes defective, which
may also lead to echoes.

FI GURE 80 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART FOR MS ECHOES I N CONVERSATI ON
Whether thereis a
loop at interfaceA
and interface Abis
Start
YES
YES
NO
Removethefault
of theEC
equipment
Replace the
TRM module
YES
NO
YES
Removetheecho
problem caused by the
MS fault
Replace the
TRM module
End
Whether theecho
problem is solved
YES
NO
Whether thefault occurs
only when PLMN and
PSTN network users are
on acall
Reset and replace
theDRT (EDRT)
board

6. Troubleshooting
i. Eliminate the MS fault which causes echoes.
ii. Confirm whether echoes only occur on the PLMN and PSTN
subscribers in their conversation. If yes, the EC may go wrong.
iii. Check whether loops occur at the A interface and Abis interface. If
yes, cancel the loop.
iv. Try replacing the ETRM.
v. Check whether alarms appear in DRT (EDRT) at BSC side, if yes,
reset the board. If ineffective, try replacing the DRT (EDRT) board.
7. Precautions
None.

Troubleshooting in BS Cutover
and Expansion Stages
Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls
1. Symptom
Unidirectional call occurs to mobile phones.
2. Source
3. Related parts
The configuration data of MSC, BOSN board of BSC, ETRM and AEM
modules.
i. Wrong MSC data configuration.
ii. Wrong PCM time slot connection between BSC and MSC or BOSN
time slot of BSC connection error.
iii. The downlink field intensity is imbalanced in the marginal area
covered by the BS.
iv. The transmitting and receiving of the antenna is reversed.

FI GURE 81 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART OF UNI DI RECTI ONAL MOB I L E PHONE CAL L S
Start
YES
YES
End
Whether thefault
occurs in the
entireMSC
Whether wireless
parameters areset
correctly
Whether single
pass occurs at a
fixed timeslot
Replace theAEM
module
Adjust thewireless
parameters
Whether thefault
occurs in the
entireBSC
NO
NO
NO
YES
NO
YES
Confirm the
fault occurs at
aBS
YES
NO
Confirm the
configuration dataat
theMSC side
Conduct active/standby
handover to the BOSN
board and replace the
BOSN board
Correct the connection
between the receiving
and transmitting
antennae
Whether the receiving
and transmitting
antennae are connected
reversely
Remotely reset
the TRM and
replace the TRM

6. Troubleshooting
i. Confirm the coverage where the symptom appears. If it appears
within the whole MSC range, consider checking whether the
equipment buyer or other related personnel have modified the MSC
data and related cutover operations during the cutover period.
Otherwise, go on to the next step.
ii. Confirm whether the symptom appears within the whole MSC range
or in quite a few base stations. If yes, switch the active/standby
BOSN boards of the BSC. After that, test again to see whether the
problem still exists.
iii. Confirm whether the symptom appears within the area covered by
a certain BS. If yes, check the wireless parameters of the cell such
as whether the maximal transmission power of the mobile phone is

correct. And then use the mobile phone for test to perform on-site
dialing test. Check whether a time slot of a carrier is occupied
constantly and is irrelevant to the specified time slot when
unidirectional get-through occurs. If yes, maybe faults occur at
some time slots of the carrier. Remotely reset the carrier or replace
ETRM.
iv. If none of the above operations works, consider replacing the AEM
module.
7. Precautions
None.
SDCCH Occupied too Long
1. Symptom
Trace and observe the occupancy of the SDCCH channel in OMCR
dynamic data management and find that SDCCH is congested and
occupied for too long.
2. Source
Find the fault when observing the dynamic data management of the
background O&M system.
3. Related parts
Parameter settings of OMCR, the ETRM where SDCCH is in, the DIP
setting of the TIC board at the BSC side.
i. SMS problems
Sending too many SMs causes SDCCH congestion.
ii. Border problems of the location area
When a cell is located on the border of the location area, in which
the traffic may be heavy, resulting in frequent location update and
causing a congested signaling channel.
iii. Too concentrated traffic
Too heavy traffic in the cell, signaling channels configured too little,
relevant parameters of the C2 algorithm configured improperly,
parameter T3122 (protection period of the access attempt), T3212
(periodic location update timer).
iv. Hardware fault
Judged from experience, either it is related to the carrier where
SDCCH is in or big bit error exists in the transmission.

FI GURE 82 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW CHART OF SDCCH BEI NG OCCUPI ED TOO L ONG
Start
Whether thereare too
many short messages
Add configuration of the
SDCCH channel
Add CRH value and
configuration of the
SDCCH channel
Whether the traffic is
too centralized
Adjust T3122 and T3212
timer and parameters that
affect C2 value
Check whether the
TIC DIP switch is
correct
Correctly set the DIP
switch
YES
NO
YES
YES
NO
YES
Replace the TRM module
NO
NO
Whether SDCCH
congestion is solved
NO
YES
Conduct signaling tracing
and re-locate thefault
End
Remove thetransmission
fault
YES
NO
Whether it is due to too
frequent location updates
at theLAC border
Use the bit error tester to
measure whether there are
bit errors in transmission

6. Troubleshooting
i. Judge whether too many short messages cause SDCCH to be
congested. If yes, adjust the ratio of SDCCH with TCH and add
SDCCHs according to the traffic of TCH. For example, configure 8
SDCCH/8 sub-channels for 2 TRXs, and configure 8 SDCCH/8 sub-
channels and 4 SDCCH/4 sub-channels for 3 TRXs.
ii. Judge whether the SDCCH congestion is caused by the LAC border.
If yes but congestion is not severe, increase the CRH parameter
(cell reselection hysteresis) to 6 or 7 (the reselection hysteresis
level is 12 dB or 14 dB). That is, only when the signal level of the
adjacent cell (the location area is different from the current area) is

12 dB or 14 dB greater than that of the current cell, does MS start
the cell selection. Adjust the ratio of SDCCH with TCH and add
SDCCHs if it does not produce distinct effects.
iii. Judge whether the SDCCH congestion is caused by the over-
concentrated traffic. If yes, try adjusting the following parameters:
Increase T3122 to 15 s ~ 25 s to prevent subscribers from
frequently sending channel request messages to increase the load
of RACH and CCCH in the case of deficient system resources.
Increase T3212 by setting it as 3 or 6 hours for the area with
medium traffic, setting it as 16 or 20 even 25 hours for the area
with a large traffic. For the area with a traffic which severely
overruns the capacity of the system, T3212 should be set as 0.
Adjust the related parameters influencing the C2 value to make it
smaller (the C2 parameter has to be activated), which will reduce
the valid coverage of the cell to reduce the traffic of the cell and
the difficulty for MS to select the cell, making the calls established
in the adjacent cells as possibly as you can. For example, increase
RxLAMin (minimum receiving level allowable for access) by setting
it as 12 (-99 dBm ~ -98 dBm) or decrease the Cell Reset Offset
value.
iv. Eliminate the hardware faults.
Confirm whether the TIC board was replaced at the BSC side
recently and check whether the DIP switch of it is configured
correctly. According to experiences, the incorrect matching
impedance of the DIP switch will cause big bit errors to be
transmitted. BS may have a great capability of anti-bit-error, but
the bit errors can still be measured by the bit error tester.
Test the availability of TCH to confirm the unstable carrier module.
Replace the unstable carrier module to avoid the problem caused
by a time slot of the carrier (DSP chip).
7. Precautions
i. Set T3122 as little as possible, usually 10 s, when little traffic is in
the channel.
ii. Do not set RxLAMin too large. Otherwise, Blind area will appear
on the border of the cells. We suggest that it should not surpass -
90 dBm.
iii. The value of the T3212 parameter should be relevant to the
location upgrade parameter in MSC/VLR. Setting it as larger than
the parameter in VLR may make MS unable to access the network.
iv. If the SAGEM mobile phone is used for testing, the phenomenon
may appear, but the phenomenon does not appear in the other test
mobile-phones.

Call Drop Rate in Cell Rises Suddenly
1. Symptom
The call drop rate in a cell rises suddenly.
2. Source
Find the fault in dialing and analyzing the performance report.
3. Related parts
Parameter setting, ETRM, AEM and the antenna feeder system.
v. Call drop due to coverage.
Too good wireless transmission and high power of the on-serving
cell result in the too large coverage, which surpass the coverage of
the adjacent cell B to reach the cell C, while the current cell does
not define the adjacent cell C. At this time, if the MS hands over
according to the adjacent cell B provided by the original on-serving
cell, call drop may occur since it can not find appropriate cells. This
phenomenon usually appears in the place where BSs are densely
constructed.
A hole which is not covered by the wireless signal appears on the
border of two cells.
The shadow of the tall buildings will cause the mobile signals to
attenuate rapidly and handover not to be done in time, which
results in call drop.
The incomplete definition of the adjacent cells causes the MS to be
held in the current cell. If the MS is beyond the coverage border of
the cell, call drop will occur.
vi. Call drop due to handover.
The lower handover limit IRXLEVULH and IRXLEVDLH are
configured too high. When the receiving level of the mobile phone
is lower than the lower handover limit, some handover requests
may fail for the too weak signal intensity of the cell to be handed
over, resulting in call drop.
T3103 is set too small. When BSC issues the handover command to
BTS, if T3103 does not receive the response from BTS until time-
out, BSC judges that wireless link failure occurs in the source cell.
At the same time, it releases the channel of the source cell,
resulting in call drop.
Improper HOMAGIN definition will cause call drop.
vii. BS hardware faults.
Generally, faulty frame unit will influence the assignment failure
ratio and uplink/downlink quality switchover. When the receiving
part gets faulty, the assignment failure ratio and uplink/downlink
quality switchover will be influenced. When the transmitting part

gets faulty, the assignment failure ratio and uplink quality
switchover will be influenced, resulting call drop.
viii. Interference (co-frequency and co-color-codes).
Severe bit errors will occur when MS receives strong interference
from co-frequencies or adjacent frequencies, which make MS
unable to accurately demodulate the BSIC of the adjacent cells and
correctly receive the MS measurement report, resulting drop-out.
ix. Antenna feeder faults.
The main and diversity antennas are equipped in all cells when a
base station is installed. It is possible that the BCCH and SDCCH of
the cell are sent out from the two different antennas. Different
pitch angles of the two antennas will cause their different coverage.
That is, the MS can receive the BCCH signal but can not occupy the
SDCCH sent out by the other antenna when initiating calls, which
results in drop-out.
The main and diversity antennas are equipped in all cells when a
base station is installed. When the azimuth angles of the two
antennas are different, the MS can receive SDCCH. But once it is
assigned to the TCH transmitted by the other antenna, drop-out
will occur.
Damaged feeder cable, water leakage and poor connector contact
will reduce the transmission power and receiving sensitivity,
resulting in severe call drop.
x. Transitory transmission interruption
Unstable transmission links will make the lower-layer links unstable
and signaling lost, resulting in Abis interface call drop.

FI GURE 83 FAUL T L OCATI NG FL OW OF SUDDEN RI SI NG CAL L DROP RA TE I N A CEL L
Start
Whether there exists
co-frequency
interference
End
Adjust the
frequency point
data
YES
YES
NO
YES
Whether the antenna
feeder system is
changed
Whether transmission
is normal
Adjust the antenna
direction angle and
the elevation angle
Whether there are
new obstacles in the
surrounding
Adjust the antenna
direction angle and
the elevation angle
YES
NO
NO
NO
YES
Remove the
transmission
fault
Block the TCH
channel
of other carriers
Whether the carrier
can be occupied for
a short time
Whether divider-TRM RF
cable connection is reliable
Remove the
divider-TRM
connection
problem
NO
Remotely reset
the TRM and
replace it
YES
NO
Whether the SWR
level-1 alarm indicator
on the AEM module
panel is on
Remove the fault of
the antenna feeder
system
YES
NO
YES
Whether network
parameters are changed
Adjust the
network parameters
NO

6. Troubleshooting
i. Check the operation record to confirm whether parameters that
influence the network running are modified recently, such as the
handover parameter, the parameter of the adjacent cell and power
control parameter.
ii. Open the OMCR dynamic data management. Select an appropriate
time when the traffic is not too large or too little and then block
TCHs of all carriers except one carrier in dynamic data
management by blocking the logic channels (be careful not to block
SDCCH). Carefully observe (using the tracing function) the
occupancy of the time slot of the carrier (using a counter to
observe it every five minutes).
iii. If a time slot TCH is found to be transitorily occupied (within 10
seconds), consider whether faulty time slots occur at the carrier.
Remotely reset the carrier, and observe it again. If still so, go to
the site to check the alarms of the carrier. Replace the carrier
module when necessary.
iv. If no alarms occur at the carrier, check whether the receiving RF
cables of the two RXs of ETRM are reliably connected with the RF of
the divider.
v. Observe the level-1 alarm indicator of the SWR1 standing wave
ratio on the AEM panel. If it is on, test the standing wave ratio of
the combiner output interface. If abnormal, go on to check the
standing wave ratio of the jumper, master feeder and antenna
section by section until the reason why it gets worse is found:
Whether the connectors between the set top jumper, master feeder
and antenna are in poor contact, or the water leakage caused by
poor encapsulation.
vi. Inquire the transmission equipment room whether transmission
alarms exist. Check whether the transmission grounding is good
enough and whether transmission alarms occur in the TIC board of
BSC and the CMM at the BTS side. In addition, conduct
transmission bit error test when necessary.
vii. Check whether other new antennas or obstacles exist around the
antenna. If yes, adjust the azimuth angle and height of the antenna
in time to lessen the influence.
viii. Check whether atrocious weather occurs and the antenna feeder
system is altered before the call drop rate of the cell rises. If yes,
please check whether the azimuth angle and pitch angle of the
antenna are normal. If abnormal, adjust them.
ix. Check whether co-frequency interference occurs, if yes, please
adjust the frequency.
7. Precautions
None

Ch a p t e r 7
Collection of Maintenance
Experience

Reference for wireless parameters adjustment during commissioning
Analysis of bird928 mobile phones failure to access the network
Configuration method for intra-cell handover

Reference for Wireless
Parameters Adjustment during
Commissioning
Adjusting List of Adjacent Cells and List of
Carrier-Sense Frequencies
At places where dual band networks are not used, such as the Liuan
district covered by China Unicom, the list of adjacent cells (with the BCCH
carrier point in use) and that of carrier-sense frequencies should be
configured in the same way (Note: the list of carrier-sense frequencies
must contain the BCCH carrier point of this cell). In this way, the results of
cell reselection and of cell switchover are similar.
The detailed configuration of the adjacent cells list can base on the
network planning data. Generally, it is estimated that the cell will be
arranged tidily like a beehive, but actually, because the location of the site
will be affected by many factors, the cell almost can not be arranged tidily.
As a result, the adjacent cell list configuration bases on the data of the
network plan and is adjusted according to the real situation.
At this stage, the office to be commissioned is not big and normally
contains no more than 10 sites. Meanwhile, each cell has great
transmitting power. So, the ratio of the edge area in the whole coverage is
big, and then more adjacent relations should be configured in these areas,

Chapter 7 - Collection of Maintenance Experience
FI GURE 84 SI TES DI STRI B UTI ON
A
B
C

If a mobile phone is moving in the curve as shown in the above figure in
the covered edge area, theoretically, the mobile phone chooses the
serving cell in the following order: A B C. But due to the influence of
some complicated wireless transmission environments, signals of site B
may never dominate in this moving curve. In this case, if site C cell is not
configured as the adjacent cell of sector 1 of site A, the mobile phone will
stay in sector 1 of site A until the time of disconnection or cell reselection.
The solution is to configure sector 1 and 2 of site A and sector 1 of site C
as the adjacent cells (carrier-sense frequency point). Generally, this case
can be observed through the route test or be precautioned before the
route test or when route test can not be conducted.
Never configure all the cells as the adjacent cells in the adjacent cell list.
Currently, many unexpected cell reselection and handover will appear due
to great transmitting power of the cell, complicated radio transmission
environment and imperfect network plan.
And if the constructed network involves the dual band, the situation will be
more complicated. But, generally, the detailed report on the adjustment
process of wireless parameters will be provided.
Normally, at the beginning, the list of adjacent cells and that of carrier-
sense frequencies only contain the cell of the same frequency band (BCCH
carrier frequency band) with this device. In this case, 1800 and 900 are
two independent networks without affecting each other.
When the first step is performed stably, the BCCH carrier frequency points
band of cells with different frequency bands can be added into their
respective list of carrier-sense frequencies but not into their list of
adjacent cells. As a result, between cells of different frequency bands, the
cell reselection is available and cell handover is unavailable.

When the second step is also performed stably, cautiously consider adding
the cells of different frequency bands into their respective lists of adjacent
cells. As a result, the dual band handover can be performed between the
adjacent cells of different frequency bands. But, it is recommended that
this step be only performed in the cells in the coverage edge of the same
frequency band. That means, in most coverage areas, the handover of a
mobile phone being used is between the cells of the same frequency band,
and the dual band handover occurs only when this mobile phone reaches
the edge cell of this frequency band.
Adjusting Wireless Parameters
When the wireless parameters of the cell are configured, the OMCR default
values are often used. But some default values are not suitable for the
current conditions and need be adjusted properly (including uplink and
downlink), as shown in Table 19.
TAB L E 19 DESCRI PTI ON OF WI REL ESS PARAMETERS CONFI GURATI ON
Parameter
Original
Default
Value
Adjusted
Value
Description
Minimum receiving
level
-105 dBm -100 dBm
Currently, great transmitting power of
the cells causes too large overlapped
coverage area between the adjacent
cells. Add this parameter to artificially
reduce the valid coverage area of the
cell and enhance the successful perfect
access of the mobile phone.
For the outward cell in the edge area,
this value can be reduced if more
coverage range is really need (namely,
there is access request in the place
under -100 dBm)
Location update cycle
(T3212)
0.5 h 6 h
Normally the traffic during
commissioning is not too large, so the
location update every 30 minutes is
unnecessary.
If the cell has large traffic, this value can
be set as 20 h or higher to greatly
reduce the signaling traffic of the
network, enhance the standby time of
the mobile phone and enhance the
utilization ratio of the radio resource.
Adjacent cell average
window value in
handover
measurement handling
6 10
Increasing the average sample of the
adjacent cell measurement value can
decrease the sensitivity to the signal
fluctuation, so that, there will be no
frequent cell handover in the large
overlapped coverage area of the
adjacent cells. Make sure to add the
reserved value to 10.

Parameter
Original
Default
Value
Adjusted
Value
Description
Handover
measurement handling
Intensity average
window value
6 10 Same as above
Handover threshold
Intensity N, P
1, 1 4, 3
When both N and P are 1, the handover
based on the strength will be too
sensitive. So, change N as 4 and P as 3.
Handover threshold
Interference N, P
1, 1 4, 3 Same as above
Handover threshold
Interference threshold
25
(-85dBm)
33
(-77dBm)
Adjust this value to reduce unnecessary
intra-cell handover.
Minimum power
budget
3dB 5dB
Currently, great transmitting power of
the cells causes too large overlapped
coverage area between the adjacent
cells. Adjust this parameter to reduce
PBGT handover.
Power thresholds
Minus-intensity
threshold
40
(-70dBm)
30
(-80dBm)
Adjust this value to reduce the
transmitting power of the base station
and mobile phone, save energy and
decrease the space interference.
Power measurement
Quality average
window value
1 3
Add the average sample of the
measurement value to decrease the
sensitivity to the signal fluctuation.
Power thresholds
plus intensity N, P
1, 1 3, 2
Adjust this value to decrease the
Power thresholds
minus intensity N, P
1, 1 3, 2
Adjust this value to decrease the

Others
For a normal system, the default value of the timer is a little large, which
may not have bad influence. It is recommended to change the default
value of timer T3111 from 10 s to 100 ms (the minimum timer unit that
can be used by the BSC), to reduce many unnecessary information in the
Abis interface to enhance the utilization rate of the wireless channel.
If the user observe that the interference band information of all the
channels of a TRX is 5 through the probe, this TRX and its related devices
must be faulty. Check them clearly. Generally, either TRX or cables are
faulty.
Generally, bad conversation quality (discontinuous and metal sound) is
caused by too low a level (uplink), adjacent frequency interference or
faulty devices. The first case is easy to be found while difficult to be solved.
Consider enhancing the transmitting power to solve this problem. The
second case needs renewing the frequency plan or decreasing the

transmitting power of the cell. In other cases, it is certain that the device
is faulty and the user should focus on checking various cables.
In the faraway area in the negative direction to the directional antenna, if
rather strong (compared with two adjacent sectors at the same site)
signals can be received, it is certain that there is wrong connection
between the PA to the antenna.
Analysis of Bird928 Mobile
Phones Failure to Access
Network
According to the report from the operation site, the Bird928 mobile phones
with certain versions cannot update the location in the ZTE BS and the
users of these mobile phones can not enjoy the relevant services; while
the Bird928 mobile phones with some other versions work normally.
Through experiment, we can discover if MSPower value is set as 5 (namely
33 dBm) in the instant assignment, the mobile phone can work normally.
However if MSPower value is set as 0 (namely 39 dBm) in the instant
assignment, the Bird928 mobile phones of some versions cannot work
normally.
According to the GSM05.05 specifications, the nominal maximum output
powers of GSM900 mobile phones are different according to different
power types. The corresponding relationship is shown in Table 20.
TAB L E 20 CORRESPONDI NG REL ATI ONSHI P B ETWEEN NOMI NAL MAXI MUM OUTPUT
POWERS OF GSM900 MOB I L E PHONE AND POWER TYPES
Power Type Nominal Maximum Output Power
2 8 W (39 dBm)
3 5 W (37 dBm)
4 2 W (33 dBm)
5 0.8 W (29 dBm)

The corresponding relationship between the power control level of GSM900
mobile phone and the nominal output power is shown in Table 21.

TAB L E 21 CORRESPONDI NG REL ATI ONSHI P B ETWEEN POWER CONTROL L EVEL OF
GSM900 MOB I L E PHONES AND NOMI NAL OUTPUT POWER
Power Control Level Nominal Output Power (dBm)
0~2 39
3 37
4 35
5 33
6 31
7 29
8 27
9 25
10 23
11 21
12 19
13 17
14 15
15 13
16 11
17 9
18 7
19~31 5

During instant assignment, the BS does not know the power type of the
mobile phone (Until the instant assignment is completed, the BSS can
know the power type of the mobile phone through the Classmark
information reported by the mobile phone), so the BS cannot know the
supportable maximum power of the mobile phone and thus supposes this
value is 39dBm.
After receiving this information, even if this output power is beyond the
capability of it, the mobile phone will output its maximum power. The
Bird928 mobile phones with some versions work in this way and work
normally. But the Bird928 mobile phone with some other versions only
output its small power; as a result, the BS can not receive its signal and
the mobile phone cannot access the network.
In the current market, the power type of most mobile phones is 4 and the
maximum power they support is 33dBm, so many BSs of different
producers require the mobile phone should access the network at power
control level 5 in instant assignment. As a result, some defective mobile
phones can also work normally.

Configuration Method for Intra-
Cell Handover
The basic method to generate the intra-cell handover is to reduce the
communication quality of the TCH being used by the MS to make MS
handover to other TCHs.
The specific implementation is as follows:
1. Click Wireless Resource Management Power Control Parameter
Setup" and set the threshold value of the power uplink quality, power
increasing downlink quality, power decreasing uplink quality and power
decreasing downlink quality as under Power adjustment threshold as
0; the other parameters remain unchanged.
2. Click Wireless Resource Management Handover Control Parameter
Setup, and set the values of both uplink strength and downlink
strength as 0, the values of both uplink quality and downlink quality as
1, the values of both uplink internal strength and downlink internal
strength as 1 and the corresponding N and P value as 1.
3. Keep the parameter related to the distance unchanged.
4. Synchronize data and conduct intra-cell handover to the corresponding
cell.
5. After the test, restore the original parameters and synchronize the
data again.

A p p e n d i x A
Replacement of Modules and
Parts

Overview
The replacement of the faulty modules and parts is a common and key
method for routine maintenance. During module replacement, the
equipment room maintenance personnel are recommended to contact the
relevant technicians or ZTE local maintenance staff for technical support
and guidance.
Pay attention to the following principles during the replacement of modules
and parts:
1. Good spare parts should be stored in the anti-static bag (damp-proof
bag is recommended in this bag) and then store them properly in a
carton. The type label should be available on the static bag or carton
for easy identification.
2. Anti-static wrist straps should be used when modules are inserted or
unplugged. Connect the anti-static wrist strap to the grounding
terminal of the rack. And never touch the grounding terminal after
connection. There is a 1M resistor connected in serial between the
anti-static wrist strap and grounding terminal, and any touch to the
grounding terminal may cause a bypass of this resistor.
3. When holding a module by hand, make sure not to touch the circuits,
components and wiring slots on the module. Don't plug/unplug the
module with violent force. The right steps are as follow: Hold the
handle of the panel, and slightly uplift the module, align the module
with the backplane and then insert the module, to avoid bending the
pins or slots on the backplane or modules. After inserting the module,
tighten the fix screws on the module.
4. When plugging/unplugging the RF cable on the front panel of the rack,
use the torque spanner, and never use violent force to avoid
destroying the RF cable connector.

5. When installing the feeder jumper, insert the connector of the feeder
jumper into the socket of the AEM module and tighten the connector
by hand.
6. Label the cause of the faulty modules and put the faulty modules in
anti-static bags in different categories.
7. When a faulty module is unplugged and no spare parts are available at
the moment, the blank slot should be installed with a standard dummy
board for dustproof and decoration purposes.
8. Make sure that the module is properly inserted in the slot
9. Avoid hot plugging/unplugging during module replacement.
10. When the testing instruments are used for the test, make sure all the
necessary grounding of the test instruments is implemented.
CMM Replacement
1. Tools
Anti-static wrist strap
Straight screwdriver
2. Preparation:
i. Perform the fault observation and analysis and determine the fault
and whether it is necessary for a replacement.
ii. Prepare a good spare part with the same type as that of the faulty
module.
iii. Prepare anti-static bags, damp-proof bags and cartons, as well as
some labels for the purpose of identification.
3. Procedure
i. Power off the CMM module.
ii. Put on the anti-static wrist strap properly.
iii. Loosen the fix screw on the CMM panel, and pull the handle on the
faulty module outwards by one hand. When the module leaves the
slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge of the module by
the other hand, and then pull out the module slightly. During this
operation, take care not to touch the components and circuits on
the module.
iv. Put the replaced faulty board in an anti-static damp-proof bag,
label it and mark the module type, slot number, program version
and fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the
carton for easy identification and handling in the future.
v. According to the slot specified on the plug-in box, insert the spare
part of the CMM into the plug-in box. Push the module with proper
force until it is in the proper location, and then fasten the fix screws.
vi. Power on the CMM again.

Appendix A - Replacement of Modules and Parts
4. Confirmation after replacement
When the CMM is just powered on, there is a self-test process for some
time. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators are normally lit
and the services are resumed. This shows the replacement is
successful.
If the module self-test fails, it will perform the self-test once and once
again and finally display exception, and the relevant unit service is not
resumed. This represents unsuccessful replacement. Please check
again whether the spare part is damaged or whether the fault is
caused by this module. Carriers are allowed to view the failure causes
through the alarms at the foreground and background.
ETRM Replacement
1. Tools
2. Preparation:
module.
some labels for the purpose of identification.
iv. Record the RF cables location on the front panel of the module to
be replaced for inserting these cables back after the module
replacement.
3. Procedure
i. Power off the ETRM module on PSM.
iii. Unplug the RF cable on the ETRM front panel.
iv. Loosen the fix screw on the ETRM module panel, and pull the
handle on the faulty module outwards by one hand. When the
module leaves the slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge
of the module by the other hand, and then pull out the module
slightly. During this operation, make sure not to touch the
components and circuits on the module.
v. Put the replaced faulty board in an anti-static damp-proof bag,
vi. According to the slot specified on the plug-in box, insert the spare
part of the module into the plug-in box. Push the module with

proper force until it is in the proper location, and then fasten the fix
screws.
vii. Power on the ETRM module again.
When the module is just powered on, there is a self-test process for
some time. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators are
normally lit and the services are resumed. This indicates a successful
replacement.
again and finally shows abnormity, and the relevant unit service is not
resumed. This represents an unsuccessful replacement. Please check
AEM Replacement
1. Tools
2. Preparation:
module.
some labels for identification.
iv. Record the cable locations (such as RF cables and feeder jumpers)
on the front panel of the module to be replaced for inserting these
cables back after the module replacement.
3. Procedure
i. Power off the AEM module.
The AEM module is powered on through the ETRM module. As long
as all the ETRM modules on PSM are powered off, this AEM module
can be powered off.
iii. Unplug cables (such as RF cable and feeder jumper) on the front
panel.
iv. Loosen the fix screw on the module panel, and pull the handle on
the faulty module outwards by one hand. When the module leaves
the slot and springs outwards, hold the lower edge of the module
by the other hand, and then pull out the module slightly. During
this operation, try not to touch the components and circuits on the
module.

vi. According to the slot specified on the plug-in box, insert the spare
part of the module into the plug-in box. Push the module with
proper force until it is in the proper location, and then fasten the fix
screws.
vii. Power on the AEM again.
When the module is just powered on, there is a self-test process. And
if the self-test is successful, the indicators are normally lit and the
services are resumed. This indicates a successful replacement.
resumed. This represents an unsuccessful replacement. Please check
PSM Replacement
1. Tools
2. Preparation:
and s.
module.
iii. Prepare an antistatic bag, anti-humidity bag, classified carton and
some mark labels.
3. Procedure
i. Put on the antistatic wrist strap correctly.
ii. Turn off the main power and power off all the modules to be
replaced on PSM.
iii. Unplug all the connectors connected with the back of the PSM
module.
iv. Loosen the fastened screw fixed to the column on the PSM ear with
a cross screwdriver; hold the left handle and the right handle on
the panel with two hands and pull the module out gently.

vi. According to the name of the spare PSM module, push it into the
layer where PSM is located. Hold the panel handles with both hands
and gently push it in slowly till the two ears on the module are in
contact with the column, for this means the module is already
inserted into the right place; then tighten the fix screw on the ear.
vii. Insert all the connectors connected with it at the back of the PSM
module and lock them tightly.
viii. Switch on the main power switch and the breaker switch of all the
modules on the PSM panel.
After the module is inserted and powered on, it can be seen that green
indicator in the module plug-in box is on from the back of the module;
meanwhile, the fan is normally started on the front panel, which
indicates the PSM main module is already working normally; otherwise
it is necessary to find out the PSM failure cause and switch on again all
the breaker switches of relevant modules on the PSM front panel. If
the power indicators of all the modules are on in green, it means PSM
module power output is completely normal; otherwise it is necessary to
find out the PSM failure cause.
Power Lightning Protection
Module Replacement
1. Tools
None.
2. Preparation:
module.
iii. Prepare an antistatic bag, anti-humidity bag, classified carton and
some mark labels.
3. Procedure
i. Put on the antistatic wrist strap correctly.
ii. Turn off the main power and power off all the modules to be
replaced on PSM.
iii. Unplug the faulty lightning protection module from the cabinet front
panel.
iv. Put the replaced the faulty module in an anti-static bag containing
the damp-proof bag and label it, marking the module type and the

fault. Store the faulty modules properly in the carton. Label the
v. Insert the new lightning protection module into the cabinet front
panel.
After the module is inserted and powered on, it can be seen that green
indicator in the module plug-in box is on from the back of the module;
meanwhile, the fan is normally started on the front panel, which
indicates the PSM main module is already working normally; otherwise
it is necessary to find out the PSM failure cause and switch on again all
the breaker switches of relevant modules on the PSM front panel. If
the power indicators of all the modules are on in green, it means PSM
module power output is completely normal; otherwise it is necessary to
find out the PSM failure cause.
Backplane Replacement
The MTRM backplane is replaced at the back of the rack. Since the
backplane replacement may influence the communication in a cell, so the
approval from the office and relevant technical personnel before the
replacement is necessary.
1. Tools
Cross screwdriver
2. Preparation:
i. Perform the fault observation and analysis and determine the
module.
iii. Prepare an anti-static bag, damp-proof bag and carton, as well as
some labels for identification.
iv. Record the slots of all the modules on the backplane to be replaced
and cable locations (such as RF cables and feeder jumpers) on the
front panel of these modules. After the replacement, these modules
and cables should be inserted back.
3. Procedure
i. The backplane are replaced at the front side of the rack.
ii. Put on the anti-static wrist strap properly and turn off the relevant
power.
iii. Unplug cables on all the module front panels on this layer and all
the modules on this layer.
iv. Loosen the screws fixing the backplane by using a cross
screwdriver to put down the backplane. There are many cables
inserted in the inner side of the backplane. Record cable locations

and unplug these cables. Make sure to slightly pull cables towards
the operator to prevent them from dropping outside the frame.
v. There is a DIP switch on the MTRM backplane to mark the physical
location of the frame at this layer. Record the location of the DIP
switch.
vi. Flatten the new backplane and push it into the empty frame. Insert
the cables back to the backplane. Make sure to use proper force to
insert these cables. All these cables are anti-blind-match, so try
another direction when they can not be inserted.
vii. Set the DIP switch on the backplane to the original position.
viii. Fix the new backplane by using screws.
ix. Insert modules and cables on the front panel into their original
locations. Make sure that the cable connection and module slots are
proper.
x. Power on the frame of this layer and start the system.
When the backplane is replaced and system is powered on, the system
will load module versions. And there is a self-test process before
versions formally run. And if the self-test is successful, the indicators
are normally lit and the services are resumed. This indicates a
successful replacement.
resumed. This represents an unsuccessful replacement. Check whether
the spare part is faulty or the fault is not caused by the frame of this
layer. Carriers are allowed to view the failure causes through the
alarms at the foreground and background.
Heat Exchanger Replacement
1. Tools
Cross screwdriver
Socket wrench
2. Preparation:
part.
iii. Prepare a carton used for wrapping the head exchanger and several
labels used for identification.
3. Procedure
i. Power off the cabinet.

There are two power supplies for the heat exchanger. One is the
AC220V mains and the other is the DC-48V from the PSM plug-in
box. Open the front door and turn off the mains breaker in the
cabinet and then you can power off the heat exchanger.
ii. Loosen the 3-core aerial socket connected with two power supply
cables for the heat exchanger; then disconnect the power cables
from the heat exchanger.
iii. Open the front/back doors, loosen the 4 M6 bolts used to fix the
cabinet top boot and take off the top boot.
iv. Loosen the 8 bolts used to fix the heat exchanger and take off the
heat exchanger.
v. Install the new heat exchanger onto the cabinet and tighten the 8
fix bolts to ensure the sealing plate is tightly pressed.
vi. Put the replaced faulty heat exchanger in the packing case and
label it marking the type and fault for easy identification and
handling in the future.
vii. Connect the two 3-core aerial socket power cables with the heat
exchanger reliably.
viii. Power on the new heat exchanger again.
4. Confirmation
Observe if the cyclic fan in the heat exchanger works normally. If yes,
lift the top boot onto the cabinet and use the 4 M6 bolts to fasten it
and finally lock the front/back doors. The replacement is completed.
Trunk Cable Replacement
1. Tools
i. Multimeter
ii. Scissors
2. Preparation:
ii. Make sure that the type of the BTS trunk cable is the same as that
of the new trunk cable. Both trunk cables are digital cables
adopting the 75 coaxial cable.
iii. Check the label of both ends of the trunk cables and make sure
that they are in the one-to-one correspondence relationship, means
one end connects the trunk interface at the top of the BS21 cabinet
and the other end connects the trunk device.
iv. Test the new trunk cable with a multimeter to see whether the
circuit is through and whether there is any interrupted circuit or
short circuit.
v. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for
identification.

3. Procedure
i. Cut the cable clip of the trunk cable to be replaced, and unplug the
old trunk cable from the E1 PORT at the bottom of the cabinet.
Note: Never forcibly pull when taking out the old trunk cable.

ii. Put the replaced faulty trunk cable in a damp-proof bag, label it
and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label
the carton for easy identification and handling in the future.
iii. According to the mark at both ends of the new trunk cable, connect
the connector of the new trunk cable to the E1 PORT at the top of
the cabinet.
Note: When connecting the trunk cable with the E1 PORT at the bottom of the
cabinet, make sure that the transmitting/receiving ends are in the correct position.

Check whether the RF connector of the trunk cable is plugged and
connected properly and reliably.
If it is normally, bind them with cable clips, in accordance with the
binding process of the old trunk cable.
5. Precautions
i. During this process, make sure that the insulation layer of the
digital trunk cable is not damaged.
ii. Replacing the trunk cable will not interrupt the BTS services.
RF Cable Replacement
1. Tools
i. Straight screwdriver
ii. Wrench
2. Preparation
i. Determine the RF cable to be replaced.
ii. Different RF cable sets corresponds to different site types. If the
site type is changed due to expansion, the cable set can be
selected according to the new site type. If a single RF cable is to be
changed, the new cable can be selected from the cable set
according to the location and length.
iii. Check whether the connection and pin of the grounding wire core of
the new cable is normal, and make sure that the SMA or N
connector are in reliable contact. Never screw the connector with
violent force to avoid damaging it.

iv. Record all the connection location of the RF cable to be replaced
and connect the new cable to the original location later.
v. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for
the identification.
3. Procedure
i. Make sure to turn off the power of the corresponding ETRM
(including PA and TRU) before replacing the transmitting tributary
cable. The power switch of the ETRM module is located on the front
panel of the PSM module.
ii. Screw the SAM or N connectors at both ends of RF cable to remove
this cable.
iii. Put the replaced faulty RF cable in a damp-proof bag, label it and
mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the
iv. Connect the new RF cable according to the former connection
method.
Note: During the operation process, make sure to use force evenly. When screwing
the SMA connector, never use violent force; the correct method is to screw the
SMA connector with proper force, and at the same time, rock it to left and right to
make it align with the socket and avoid damaging it.

v. Power on the ETRM (including PA and TRU) again.
i. Observe the indicators of running boards. If the indicator is normal,
the replacement is basically successfully.
ii. Make a test call to check whether the BS runs normally after the
replacement.
Antenna Feeder Lightning
Arrester replacement
1. Tools
i. Straight screwdriver
ii. Slip joint pliers
iii. Adjustable wrenches
iv. Multimeter
v. Antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)
2. Preparation

ii. Check whether the type of the new lightning arrester is the same
as that of the old one. Test the new lightning arrester through a
multimeter to see whether it is normal.
According to the test method described in the users manual of the
lightning arrester, set the multimeter to the resistance W%10K
gear to measure the resistance between the antenna and conductor
in the high-frequency socket of the device, and the value should be
greater than 20M .
Set the multimeter to the resistance W%1 gear to measure the
resistance between the conductor in the high-frequency socket of
the antenna and grounding terminal, and the value should close to
0.
iii. Prepare a damp-proof bag and carton, as well as some labels for
the identification.
3. Procedure
i. Shut off power supply to all ETRM modules in the carrier frame
corresponding to the PSM module.
ii. Disconnect the RF cable between the corresponding AEM and the
cabinet bottom to prevent AEM from being damaged due to the
short circuit of the jumper or feeder at the bottom of the cabinet.
iii. Remove the jumper connector, remove the feeder connector, and
then remove the old lightning arrestor.
iv. Put the replaced faulty lightning arrestor in a damp-proof bag, label
it and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label
v. Connect the new lightning arrestor and feeder connector, and fix
the new lightning arrestor.
vi. Test the indexes of the antenna feeder through an antenna feeder
analyzer (SITE MASTER), and check the standing wave ratio in the
way as described in Measuring SWR of Antenna Feeder.
vii. If the standing wave ratio is normal, connect the jumper connector.
viii. Connect the RF cable from the corresponding AEM to the cabinet
bottom.
ix. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.
i. Observe the running status. If the indicator is normal, the
replacement is basically successfully.
replacement.

Cabinet-Bottom 1/2 Soft J umper
Replacement
1. Tools
i. LDF4 block cutting device
ii. LDF4 block installation tools
iii. Adjustable wrenches (2)
iv. Hacksaw
v. Assorted file
vi. Paper knife
vii. Adjustable hot air blower
viii. Multimeter
ix. Antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)
2. Preparation:
i. Perform fault observation and analysis and determine the
jumper.
identification.
3. Procedure
i. Power off all the ETRM modules on the PSM module panel.
ii. Remove the jumper by an adjustable wrench, and then remove
connectors at its two ends, to check whether the connectors are
faulty, if they are perfect, use them again.
iii. Put the replaced faulty jumper in a damp-proof bag, label it and
iv. Cut a proper length of jumper according to the real situation, and
make a new jumper in the way as described in the manual for
making connectors in the package of the connector.
v. Test the newly-made jumper, especially test its connection and
disconnection through a multimeter.
Note:
Make the jumper safely and avoid the personal injury due to improper use of
sharp tools.
Pay attention to the handling of the feeder leftover. If sundries such as copper
bits are filtered into the connector, the performance of the antenna feeder system
will be influenced.

vi. Connect the newly-made jumper.
vii. At the other end of the jumper, measure the indexes of the
antenna feeder performance by an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE
MASTER).
viii. If the indexes are normal, connect the jumper to the antenna
feeder interface at the top of the cabinet.
ix. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.
i. Observe the running status of the ETRM and the AEM. If the
indicator is normal, the replacement is basically successfully.
replacement.
Tower Top 1/2 Soft J umper
Replacement
1. Tools
iv. Hacksaw
v. Assorted file
vi. Paper knife
viii. Multimeter
ix. Antenna feeder analyzer
x. Tools for safely climbing
2. Preparation:
jumper.
identification.
3. Procedure
ii. Remove the jumper by an adjustable wrench, and then remove
connectors at its two ends, to check whether the connectors are
faulty, if they are perfect, use them again.

iii. Put the replaced faulty jumper in a damp-proof bag, label it and
mark its type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the
iv. Cut a proper length of jumper according to the real situation, and
make a new jumper in the way described in the manual for making
connector in the package of the connector.
v. Test the newly-made jumper, especially test its connection and
disconnection with the multimeter.
Note:
Make the jumper safely and avoid the personal injury due to improper use of
sharp tools.
will be influenced.
During operations high above the ground, protect the tools being used to
prevent them from dropping and hurting personnel on the ground.

vi. Install the new jumper and test the antenna feeder indexes.
Receiving/transmitting jumpers
Lay the new tower-top jumper to the transmitting antenna and 7/8
feeder, connect the connectors, make waterproof bends, and then
measure the cabinet top jumper for the antenna feeder
performance indexes by an antenna feeder analyzer (SITE MASTER)
Diversity reception jumper
Connect jumpers, make waterproof bends and conduct waterproof
treatments to the connectors.
Note: In the process of making waterproof treatment to the connectors of the
antenna feeder system, make sure that:
Wrap it with waterproof tape, sealing tape and insulating tape in turn.
The jumper should be bent softly without too large angle, and generally, the
bend radius is over 15 times of the jumper radius.
Insulating tapes should be wrapped from the bottom to the top in case of
rainwater leaking.

vii. Power on all the ETRM modules on the PSM module panel again.
replacement.

Feeder Connectors Replacement
1. Tools
iv. Hacksaw
v. Assorted file
vi. Paper knife
viii. Multimeter
2. Preparation:
jumper.
identification.
3. Procedure
ii. Remove connectors at both ends of the feeder by an adjustable
wrench, and then check whether the connectors cores are broken.
iii. Put the replaced faulty jumper a damp-proof bag, label it and mark
the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label the carton
for easy identification and handling in the future.
iv. Make a new connector in the way as described in the manual for
making connector in the package of the connector.
v. Test the newly-made connector, especially test its connection and
disconnection through the multimeter.
Note:
Make the connector safely and avoid the personal injury due to improper use
of sharp tools.
will be influenced.
During operations high above the ground, protect the tools being used to
prevent them from dropping and hurting personnel on the ground.

vi. Connect the new connector and test the antenna feeder indexes.

Connect the connectors, and measure the cabinet top jumper for
the antenna feeder performance indexes by an antenna feeder
analyzer (SITE MASTER), and then make the waterproof treatment
to the waterproof bend and connectors.
Note: In the process of making waterproof treatment to the connectors of the
antenna feeder system, make sure that:
Wrap it with waterproof tape, sealing tape and insulating tape in turn.
The jumper should be bent softly without too large angle, and generally, the
bend radius is over 15 times of the jumper radius.
Insulating tapes should be wrapped from the bottom to the top in case of
rainwater leaking.

vii. Power on all the ETRM modules on the PSM module panel.
replacement.
Tower Amplifier Replacement
1. Tools
i. Adjustable wrenches (2)
ii. Paper knife
iii. Sharp nose pliers
iv. Multimeter
v. Socket wrench
vi. Tools for safely climbing
vii. Lifting tools
2. Preparation:
jumper.
identification.

3. Procedure
ii. Strip off the 3-layer waterproof tape of the old tower amplifier by
the paper knife and sharp nose pliers, and remove the old tower
amplifier from the fixing clamp by the socket wrench.
Note: Take care not to damage the insulation sleeve of the jumper.

iii. Put the replaced faulty tower amplifier in a damp-proof bag, label it
and mark the type and fault. Store it properly in the carton. Label
iv. Lift the new tower amplifier to the destination location with the
lifting tools.
v. Fix it on the fixing clamp.
vi. Connect end IN of the tower amplifier to the antenna jumper and
end OUT to the 7/8 feeder jumper. Reverse connection is
forbidden.
vii. At the receiving interface of the AEM, use the current gear of the
multimeter to measure whether there is 60mA ~ 200mA current.
And then make waterproof treatments to the connectors.
Note: Put two ends of the tower amplifier downwards to keep water out.

viii. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.
i. Observe the running status of the ETRM and AEM. If the indicator is
normal, the replacement is basically successfully.
replacement.
Antenna Replacement
1. Tools
i. Adjustable wrenches
ii. Paper knife
iii. Sharp nose pliers
iv. Diagonal pliers
v. compass
vi. Angle instrument
vii. Lifting tools
viii. Tools for safely climbing

x. talkie and walkie or mobile phone
2. Preparation:
jumper.
identification.
3. Procedure
ii. Strip off the waterproof tape on the jumper connector, and screw
down the connector, loosen the fixing clamp for the old antenna
and remove the old antenna.
Note: If the antenna support protrudes the platform too much, please loosen it
and draw it back to the platform for the safety.

iii. Put the replaced faulty antenna in a damp-proof bag, label it and
iv. Carefully lift the new antenna, installation tool and auxiliary
materials to the destination location by the lifting tools.
Note: While lifting the antenna, the personnel on the ground can pull outside the
lifting rope to avoid the collision with the tower or other hard objects. And ensure
the personal safety. The personnel high above the ground should wear safety belt,
and the personnel on the ground should wear the safety hat.

v. Install the new antenna
Install the omni-antenna in the following way:
Connect the jumper connector to the antenna connector and screw
them, and then make waterproof treatment to the connectors and
seal them.
Place the antenna feed point downwards and then temporarily fix
the antenna and antenna supports by the antenna fixing clamp (not
necessary to fix them firmly).
Check the antenna verticality, and then fix antenna supports and
lay out jumpers.
Install the directional antenna in the following way:
Connect the jumper connector to the antenna connector and screw
them, and then make waterproof treatment to the connectors and
seal them.

Place the antenna feed point downwards and then temporarily fix
the antenna and antenna supports by the antenna fixing clamp (not
necessary to fix them firmly).
Adjust the horizontal angle of the antenna in accordance with the
design requirement, and then fix the antenna fixing clamp firmly.
Adjust the pitch angle of the antenna (refer to Section Checking
Obliquity of Directional Antennae for the details) in accordance
with the design requirement, and then fix the pitch angle
adjustment device.
Finally distribute the jumpers.
vi. Test the performance indexes of the antenna feeder.
After the installation, measure the BRS cabinet top jumper for
indexes of the antenna feeder performance by an antenna feeder
analyzer (SITE MASTER).
If the receiving channel has a tower amplifier, use the current gear
of the multimeter to measure whether there is 60 m ~ 200mA
current at the AEM receiving interface.
vii. Power on all the ETRM modules again on the PSM module panel.
replacement.

A p p e n d i x B
Common Maintenance Tables

Daily Maintenance Record Table
Site
No.
Site
Name
Operation
I tem
Running Status of
the Equipment and
Handling
Operator Remarks

Weekly Maintenance Record
Table
Site
No.
Site
Name
Operation
I tem
Running Status of
the Equipment and
Handling Results
Operator Remarks

Appendix B - Common Maintenance Tables
Monthly Maintenance Record
Table
Site
No.
Site
Name
Operation
I tem
Running Status of
the Equipment and
Handling Results
Operator Remarks

Biannual Maintenance Record
Table
Site
No.
Site
Name
Operation
I tem
Running Status of
the Equipment and
Handling Results
Operator Remarks

Appendix B - Common Maintenance Tables
Emergency Failure Record Table
Office name Handler:
Time of occurrence: Time of handling
Source: Reported by users on the call Alarm system Detected in daily routine
maintenance Other sources
Failure types
Description of the Failure

Handling method:
Result:
Opinion of the person in charge:


A p p e n d i x C
Use of Common Instruments
and Meters

SAGEM (OT35) Test Mobile
Phone
Basic Functions
The SAGEM (OT35) can measure the data of the serving cell and six
adjacent cells. Meanwhile, it can be connected with a PC through its
interface, so that the test data can be analyzed by the analyzing software.
It is a dedicated network testing tool that every network operation
manager and network maintenance engineer must have.
1. In idle status
It can measure the BCCH of the serving cell and the data of six
adjacent cells:
i. Channel number
ii. Receiving level
iii. BSIC
iv. Receiving threshold level
v. Country and carrier code of the serving cell.
2. In conversation status:
It can measure the data of the serving cell and six adjacent cells:
i. Whether adopts the frequency hopping mode.
ii. Channel type (service channel and dedicated control channel)
iii. Receiving quality
iv. TA
v. BCCH occupied in communication status

vi. Receiving level (dBm)
3. Special functions:
i. Locking BCCH
ii. Setting the SIM card information:
iii. Accessing the cell with negative C1 value
iv. Testing the field strength of the RF channel
v. Scanning GSM900/DCS1800 frequency band
vi. Scanning BCCH
vii. Forced cross-cell handover (handover, no handover, handover once
and cyclic handover)
viii. Accessing the CELL_BAR cell
4. Information displayed on the counter
i. RLT
ii. T3212
iii. Times of handover
iv. TMSI, Kc and so on.
Operation Description
Key Description
C: Return to previous menu
.: Upper item
V: Next item
OK: Select
1~9: Shortcut keys
How to Enter the Root Menu
Method 1: Press MENU, 4, 4, V and # in turn.
Method 2: Press . or ..
Method 3: If method 2 fails, press MENU, 6, 1, OK, and then press ..
Root Menu
The root menu provides 8 functions, as shown in Figure 85.
To exit the root menu, press C: by pressing . or V, you can select a
function.

Appendix C - Use of Common Instruments and Meters
FI GURE 85 ROOT MENU
ROOT
MENU
IMEI
LOAD PROM
NETWORK
SIM LOCK
FOR PICTURE
TRACE
COUNTERS
MODE
SET BCCH
SET HO
CELL BAR
NEGAT. C1
PWR CLASS
SCAN BCCH
SET RF
SIM
Kc INFO
IMSI
LOC INFO
LIST BA
NB PLMN SE
PLMN SELEC
PLMN FORBI
ADMIN
RLT/T3212
HANDOVER
TMSI/CYPHR

1. Menu 1: IMSI (International MS Identification Code)
Press . or V under the main menu to select menu 1, and press OK or
directly press 1 to access the IMEI menu.
The screen displays the IMEI code, the software version and the
internal reference value.
To return to the main menu, press C.
2. Menu 2: LOAD PROM (loading software)
Select this menu to load programs on the PC through a special
software.
directly press 2 to access the IMEI menu.
Press OK to access LOAD THEFLASH PROM.
To return to the main menu, press C.
3. Menu 3: NETWORK (network data)
This menu can display:
i. In idle mode: it can display the BCCH of the serving cell and the
network data of 6 adjacent cells.

ii. In call mode: it can display the network data of the serving cell and
6 adjacent cells. In call status, it can work with menu 6 to perform
tracing test. In other words, for a call to any number, the screen
will display the network data of the serving cell and the adjacent
cells.
The data of the each cell (of the serving cell or 6 adjacent cells) is
displayed on 2 screens, so the menu totally has 14 available screens,
which can be switched through pressing . or V. When no data can be
displayed due to poor reception conditions, the data value will be
displayed with *.
directly press 3 to access the NETWORK menu of idle status.
directly press 3 to access the NETWORK menu where there is a call
(outgoing call or incoming call).
In idle status, the network data of the serving cell
Its screen display is as shown in Figure 86:
FI GURE 86 SCREEN 1 OF NETWORK DATA OF SERVI NG CEL L I N I DL E STATUS
CH: 0118
RM: -104
RX: -59
BA: 12 5.0
TS: 0
TX: 5
CI: +46

After V is pressed, the display will be as shown in Figure 87:
BSIC: 50
CI: 02323
LAI: 460 01
032800

CH: RF channel number with the value range of 1 ~ 124. It is the
BCCH number in idle status.
TS: Currently occupied time slot with the value range of 0 ~ 7. In
idle mode, this value of BCCH is: TS = 0.
RM: The minimum receiving threshold level RX_LEV_ACCESS_MIN,
with the value range of -110dBm ~ -46dBm.
TX: mobile phone transmission power, MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH
ranges from 1 to 15.

RX: The BCCE receiving threshold level value of the serving cell
RX_LEV_SERVICE_CELL ranges from -110dBm to -11dBm.
CI: Standard C1 value of the serving cell ranges from 92 to 99.
BA nm xy: Unit quantity in the BA table, and nm means CCCH
value configured in the BCCH and PCH, with the value range of 1 ~
32; x means the current value of BS_PA_MFRMS_2, with the value
range of 2 ~ 9; y means the current value of the control channel
CCH_CONF, with the value range of 0, 1, 2, 4 or 6.
BSIC ab: The Base Station Identity Code of the adjacent cell;
Among it, A represents the code of the carrier, ranging from 0 to 7;
b represents the cell color code, ranging from 0 to 7.
CI abcde: Cell Identity, four hexadecimal numbers.
LAI abcd ef
ghijk: Location area identification, where abcd is the county code,
in a 4-digit number; ef is the carrier code, in a 2-digit number;
ghijk is the location code, in a 5-digit number.
Display of the network data of 6 adjacent cells in idle status
CH: 0097
RM: -104
TX: 5
RX: -66
CI: 38
BSIC: 052
NEXT CELL1

FN: +0
HBN: +6
STAT: 2
NEXT CELL1

Continue to press V to page down. Every two screens display the
parameters of one adjacent cell. It can display 12 screens of
network parameters of six adjacent parameters continuously.
CELLVOIS: Adjacent cell code, ranging from 1 to 6.
CH: RF channel number occupied by the BCCH of the adjacent cell,
ranging from 1 to 124.

RX: Adjacent cell BCCE reception level, RX_LEV_NCELL, ranging
from -110 dBm to -11dBm.
RM: Minimum reception threshold level of adjacent cell,
RX_LEV_ACCESS_MIN, ranging from -110 dBm to -46dBm.
CI: Standard C1 value of adjacent cell, ranging from 92 to 99.
TX: Transmission power of the mobile phone of the adjacent cell,
MS_TXPWR_MAX_CCH, ranging from 1 to 15.
where, A represents the code of the carrier, ranging from 0 to 7; b
represents the cell color code, ranging from 0 to 7.
FN +abcdefg: Frame offset of the serving cell and adjacent cells.
HBN +hijk: 1/8bit special offset value of the adjacent cell.
STAT: the standby status.
Press V to page down to the No. 15 screen at idle status. This
screen is not used and is a blank page.
Display of the network data of the serving cell in call status
FI GURE 90 SCREEN 1 OF NETWORK DATA OF SERVI NG CEL L I N COMMUNI CATI ON STA TUS
CH: 0118
PL: 12
RX: -58
TYP: TC DTX:Y
TS: 2
TA: 1
RQ: 0

FRBCCH: 0118
RXBCCH: -62
BSIC: 50
CI: 02323

CH: Current RF channel number, with the value ranging from 1 to
124. And when the network adopts the frequency hopping
technology, channel is denoted by HOP (or HP)CH.
TS: Current timeslot; its value ranges from 0 to 7.
PL: Current power level value, POWER-LEVER, ranging from TX to
15.

TA: Current timing advance value TIMING ADVANCE, with the value
range of 0 ~ 63. And if the change display unit is uS, multiply it by
3.69.
RX: Reception level of RX_LEV_SER VING _CELL, ranging from -
110 dBm to -11dBm.
RQ: Receiving quality RX_QNAL, with the value range of 0 ~ 7.
TYP: Current channel type, valuing from TC (service channel) or SD
(special control channel), and when the communication is establish,
SD means displaying the current channel SDCCH temporarily, and
this value is consistent with the transformed TCH value.
DTX: with Y or N as its value, and if the call is discontinuous
transmission, use Y (YES), otherwise, use N (NO).
RFBCCH: RF channel number used by the BCCH of the current cell,
ranging from 1 to 124.
RXBCCH: The BCCH receiving level of the serving cell in
communication mode RX_LEV_SERVING_CELL with the value range
of 110dBm ~ 11dBm.
where, A represents the code of the carrier, ranging from 0 to 7; b
represents the cell color code, ranging from 0 to 7.
CI abcde: Cell Identity code, with the value of a 5-digit decimal
numeral.
Display of the network data of 6 adjacent cells in call status
CH: 0097
RX: -66
BSIC: 052
NEXT CELL1

FN: +0
HBN: +6
STAT: 2
NEXT CELL1

Continue to press V to turn the page down. Network parameters
of 6 adjacent cells are displayed in total 12 screens continuously in
communication mode, and parameters of an adjacent cell will be
displayed in every two pages.
CELLVOIS: Adjacent cell code, ranging from 1 to 6.
CH: BCCH number of the adjacent cell, with the value rage of 1 ~
124.
RX: The receiving level of the adjacent cell RX_LEV_NCELL, with
the value range of -110dBm ~ -11dBm.
BSIC ab: Base Station Identity Code of the adjacent cell, and a
means the carrier code, with the value range of 0 ~ 7; b means the
cell color code, with the value range of 0 ~ 7.
FN +abcdefg: Frame offset of the adjacent cells and serving cell.
HBN +hijk: 1/8bit special offset value of the adjacent cell.
STAT: the standby status.
Press V to page down. It is the last screen at the dedicated status.
Screen 15 displays additional data about frequency hopping, for
example, HSN, MAIO, Frequency number (hopping mode A or C is
random or periodic), 0 and 6 frequency tables.
For example, 00 23 4 A 1
00: MAIO 23: HSN 4: Nb Freq A: Random 1: Cyphening active
077 088
124 110
There are four frequency tables.
4. Menu 4: SIM LOCK (SIM card is locked)
This menu allows you to set the SIM card.
directly press 4 to access the MODE menu.
5. Menu 5: FOR PHOTO (screen display)
This menu displays the type of this computer, data and time.
6. Menu 6: TRACE tracing test
Under the main menu, press . or V to select menu 6, and then press OK
or directly press 6 to enter the TRACE menu.
This menu provides 8 functions, as shown in Figure 94.

FI GURE 94 TRACE MENU
SET BCCH
SET HO
CELL BAR
NEGAT. C1
PWR CLASS
SCAN BCCH
SET RF
SIM
TRACE

SET BCCH: In idle mode, lock BCCH; IN call mode, perform cross-cell
handover. When the call is completed, return to lock the BCCH.
SET HO: This function can lock the test mobile phone with a handover
in a certain cell or a hidden cell, and it provides two options:
Single cross-cell handover or periodic cross-cell handover.
Required times of cross-cell handover and required successful times
of cross-cell handover
CELL BAR: This function can define Cell_ber_access_s and provides 3
modes:
Standard mode: The mobile complies with GSM recommendation
Inversion mode: The mobile only camps on barred cells
Activation mode: The mobile camps on barred and non-barred cell
NEGAT CI: This function allows this mobile phone stay in the cell when
its CI is less than 0.
PWR CLASS: It defines the power level of this mobile phone. Two
options are provided:
2W CLASS 4 or 0.8W CLASS 5,
For the later case, its own power of the mobile phone is lower than the
maximum.
SCAN BCCH: This function means this test mobile phone can scan the
RF channel of the running network and provide the receiving level
value and BSIC of each channel. The whole scanning process needs
several minutes and can exit by pressing C. Press OK to display the
reception level and BSIC of the channel being scanned.
SET RF: Specify the RF channel and test the field strength level.
SIM: Set the related information of the SIM card. 8 configurations are
available for the SIM, as shown in Figure 95.

FI GURE 95 SI M MENU
RLT/T3212
HANDOVER
TMSI/CYPHR
COUNTERS

KC INFO: Define key KC.
IMSI: Provide IMSI data.
LOC INFO: Provide the location information.
LIST BA: Used to set the BA list on the SIM card.
NB PLMN SE: Provide display and store the priority network quantity.
PLMN SELEC: Set the list of priority networks. This list includes thirty-
two 3Bytes input data, such as 02F810 and 02F801.
PLMN FORBI: Set the list of network disabled, displayed in 2Bytes.
ADMIN: Determine whether SIM card is a test card or a non-test card.
7. Menu 7: COUNTERS (counting function)
This menu can display a special count value.
Under the main menu, press . or V to select menu 7, and then press OK
or directly press 7 to enter the TRACE menu.
This menu provides several options, as shown in Figure 96.
FI GURE 96 COUNTERS MENU
RLT/T3212
HANDOVER
TMSI/CYPHR
COUNTERS

RLT/T3212: Display the link timeout value, maximum repeat counter
and current value and maximum value of counter T3212.
HANDOVER: Display times of cross-cell handover.
TMSI/CYPHR: Display the TMSI and the cipher parameter.
8. Menu 8: MODE (mode selection)
This menu is used to select the serial connection lock mode and the
data transmission mode.
ACTIVE means the lock mode is selected.
NON ACTIVE means the data transmission mode is selected.

Engineering Test Mode of
ZTE289 Mobile Phone
The ZTE289 mobile phone (V 5) provides the engineering mode, which
supports the information prompt in idle mode and dedicated mode. The
engineering mode of the ZTE289 mobile phone mainly provides two types
of information: serving cell information and adjacent cell information,
which brings great convenience to the site testing personnel.
Key Description
Up: Going to the adjacent cell of the second-strong signal.
Down: Going to the adjacent cell of the most weak signal.
Right: Viewing more information of the current serving cell.
Left: Viewing the information of the previous screen.
Clear: Returning to the serving cell.
How to Enter Engineering Mode
After start the device, input *983*3641# to start the engineering mode.
How to Close Engineering Mode
Input *983*3640# to close the engineering mode.
Instructions of Engineering Mode Menu
1. Parameters of the serving cell in idle status are described as below
Screen 1:
A = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (number of the cell
carrier frequency)
(Note: 1 ~ 124 gsm; 975 ~ 1023 + 0 ~ 124 egsm; 512 ~ 885 dcs)
L = Receive Level/ Receive Quality (Receiving level/receiving quality)
(Receiving level value: 0 ~ 100)
C = C1 = RXLEV-MAX ((TXPWR-MSTXPWRMAX), 0)
N = Top 6 size (Quantity of the adjacent cells)
C = Channel configuration values / Time slot range (Common channel
configuration)
CCCH_1_CHANNEL = CH1C = 1 BCCH
CCCH_2_CHANNELS =CH2C= 2 BCCHs
CCCH_3_CHANNELS = CH3C= 3 BCCHs

CCCH_4_CHANNELS = CH4C= 4 BCCHs
CCCH_1_CHANNEL_WITH_SDCCH =CH1S= BCCH+SDCCH
Screen 2:
A = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number= Carrier frequency
number
C = Mobile Country Code (Country code) (China: 460)
B = Base Station Identity Code (BS color code)
(NCC: 0 ~ 7 +BCC: 0 ~ 7)
N= Mobile Network Code (0: China Telecom 1: China Unicom)
C = Cell ID (Cell number, in the hex numeral)
L = LAC (Location area, in the hex numeral)
Screen 3:
Paging ID type (value: IMSI, TMSI, IMEI, IMSV, NO_ID)
PG = Paging Group (Paging group, valuing 0 ~ N)
(PG = (IMSI MOD 1000) MOD (N BSCCCHANS)) MOD N
N = (PCH-AGBLKS-BSAGBLKSRES) BSPAMFRAMS)
AC = Access Class (Access type of the mobile phone
(0~9 common users; 11 ~ 15: special users)
EMER= Emergency calls (Whether supporting the emergency call)
BPA = BsPaMfrms (The quantity of the multi-frame used in a paging
period)
CELLBAR= Cell bar access (Whether the cell bars the access)
Screen 4:
RET= Max re-transmissions (The maximum value of the re-
transmissions received, and this value can not be too high)
RLA= Receive level access minimum (The minimum level of the
receiving cell)
AG= Access Grant blocks (The quantity of the blocks reserved for the
AGCH in the common channel)
TXP = Transmit power maximum (Available maximum transmitting
power of the mobile phone)
MB = Multiband reporting (The minimum band quantity need be
reported by each band, in the case of multiple frequency bands)
Screen 5:
DSC= Downlink Signalling Counter (Downlink signal counter with the
original value as 90/BPA)
CRH= Cell Reselect Hysteresis (Hysteresis factor of the cell reselection
with the unit as dbm)
CBQ= Cell Bar Qualify (Priority parameter of the cell reselection,
valuing 0/1)

(Generally set dcs as 0, which means the high priority, and set gsm as
1, which means the low priority)
PT= Penalty Time (Offset of the cell reselection time)
CRO= Cell Reselect Offset (Offset of the cell reselection)
TO= Temporary Offset (Temporary offset)
Screen 6:
DTX= Apply Discontinuous Transmission 1: Apply discontinuous
transmission
EBC= External BCCH required 1: Extended BCCH information, namely,
system information 7 and 8
RNA: Re-establish Not Allowed 1: Re-establish not allowed 0: Re-
establish allowed
2TR: Ter available 1: 2TER signal is available
PRC= Power control 1: Conducting power control
ECS= Early Class Mark Control 1: Require sending the class mark in
advance
Screen 7:
CBCH = Parameters of cell broadcast channels
2. Parameters of the adjacent cells in idle status
Screen 1:
A=Cell Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number: frequent channel
number
L=Cell level /Index of the current cell: Received level/Number of the
adjacent cell
C2=C2 of current Ncell: C2 value of the current adjacent cell
L=Location Area Code: Location area
C2=C2 of serving cell: C2 value of the serving cell
3. Parameters of the serving cell in dedicated status
Screen 1:
A = Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number= Frequency channel
number
P=Actual power level
TA=Timing advance
DL= Downlink level
Uplink DTX = Whether adopts dynamic power control for uplink
Screen 2:
A=Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (Frequency band
number. If frequency hopping occurs, HOP is displayed)
Hopping: HOP
CHANNEL MODE:

CHM_SIGNALLING = CM-SIG
CHM_SPEECH_FULL_RATE = SP-FR1 (The voice channel at the full
speed)
CHM_SPEECH_FULL_RATE_VER2 = SP-FR2
CHM_SPEECH_FULL_RATE_VER3 = SP-FR3
CHM_SPEECH_HALF_RATE = SP-HR1
CHM_SPEECH_HALF_RATE_VER2 =SP-HR2
CHM_SPEECH_HALF_RATE_VER3 =SP-HR3
CHM_DATA_14400 = D14400
CHM_DATA_9600 = D9600
CHM_DATA_4800_FULL = D4800F
CHM_DATA_2400_FULL = D2400F
CHM_DATA_4800_HALF = D4800H
CHM_DATA_2400_HALF = D2400H
HSN/.MAIO: Hopping serial number/Mobile allocation offset
4. Parameters of the adjacent cell in dedicated status
Screen 1:
A=Cell Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number: Frequency channel
number
L=Cell level (L): Index in the array: Cell level/Serial number of the
adjacent cell
B=Base Station Identity Code: BS color code
SCELL L: Level of the serving cell
BIRD Power Meter
BIRD Power Meter Components
A BIRD power meter consists of the probing part and the measuring part,

FI GURE 97 BI RD POWER METER COMPONENTS
Zeroing knob
Scale (not even)
Forward/reverse
knob
Probe clip
Probe
NF connector NF connector

Usage
1. Check whether the configuration of the meter is good.
2. Replace the probe with an appropriate one.
Use a 900M probe for 900M band, and use a 1800M probe for 1800M
band.
The probe should be selected according to the possible maximum
power value, and generally it is 50W.
3. Measure the forward power
i. Choose a measurement point between the cabinet top jumper and
lightning arrestor to measure BTS output power, and the
connection relationship is shown in Figure 98.
ii. If the antenna feeder is not installed, a matching load should be
added for the measurement of the forward power, as shown in
Figure 99.
iii. Correctly connect the lightning arrester and the 7/8-inch main
feeder cable.
iv. Correctly connect the tower top jumper, the antenna and the main
feeder cable.
v. Before you disconnect the lightning arrester and the unit top
jumper to connect the power meter, first turn off the carrier power,
to stop transmission.
vi. After the power meter is connected, turn on the carrier power to
resume transmission.

FI GURE 98 TEST CONNECTI ON OF POWER METER
OUT POWER
BIRD power
meter
ZXG10 - BTS
Lightning
arrester
BIRD usageinstance

FI GURE 99 CONNECTI ON OF MATCHI NG L OAD ( MEASURI NG FORWARD POWER)
Power output TO load
Attention!

4. Read the forward power value. For the 50W probe, one step on the dial
plate represents 1W.
5. Measure the reverse power
i. Choose a measurement point between the cabinet top jumper and
the lightning arrestor to measure BTS output power, and the
connection relationship is as shown in Figure 98.
ii. If the antenna feeder is not installed, a matched load should be
added for the measurement of the reverse power, as shown in
Figure 100.

FI GURE 100 CONNECTI ON OF MATCHI NG L OAD ( MEASURI NG REVERSE POWER)
Power output TO load
Attention!

iii. Correctly connect the lightning arrester and the 7/8-inch main
feeder cable.
iv. Correctly connect the tower top jumper, the antenna and the main
feeder cable.
v. Before you disconnect the lightning arrester and the unit top
jumper to connect the power meter, turn off the carrier power and
then stop transmission.
vi. After the power meter is connected, turn on the carrier power to
resume transmission.
Note: When you measure the reverse power, you must replace the power range.
For a qualified antenna feeder system, its reverse power is small at measurement,
so you must replace the measurement range for a higher accuracy.

6. Read the reverse power.
Note: The forward direction is the direction to the antenna; the reverse direction is
the direction to the BTS cabinet.
HP8954E Spectrum Analyzer
A spectrum analyzer is used to test the performance of a frequency
domain, such as the spectrum, power of adjacent channels, quick scanning
of the time domain, spurious radiation and inter-modulation attenuation.
It can test all the indexes of the BTS transmitter and some indexes of the
BTS receiver.
Lets take the HP8954E spectrum analyzer for example.

Components
The structure of the HP8954E spectrum analyzer is as shown in Figure 101.
FI GURE 101 STRUCTURE OF HP8954E SPECTRUM ANAL YZER

1:ACTIVE FUNCTION BLOCK 2:MESSAGE BLOCK 3:SOFTKEY LABELS 4: SOFTKEYS
5:FRENQUENCY & SPAN& AMPLITUDE KEYS 6:INSTRUMENT STATE 7:COPY
8:CONTROL 9:MARKER 10:WINDOWS 11:DATA & STEP & KNOB KEYS
12:INPUT 5013:PROBE PWR 14:CAL OUT 15:VOL-INTEN/INTENSITY
16:100 MHZ COMB OUT 17: MEMORY CARD READER 18:RF OUT 50 19:LINE
Usage
1. RF MONITOR function
i. Connect the peripheral cables according to the range of the signal
to be measured, as shown in Figure 102. And then press the LINE
(19) switch and turn on the power to start the measurement.

FI GURE 102 CONNECTI ON DI AGRAM FOR RF MEASUREMENT
Display
After being received,
the signal enters
HP8594E

ii. If there is a * in the MESSAGE BLOCK (2) area, the automatic
configuration and initialization of the meter has not been completed.
Wait a while, * will disappear, and the automatic initialization is
completed at this time.
iii. Set the START frequency and STOP frequency of the scan, and the
real-time results will be displayed on the screen; or set the CENTER
frequency of the scan and then set the SPAN range, the real-time
results also will be displayed on the screen.
iv. If the scanned signal is not on the screen, adjust the REFERENCE
LEVEL to enable the signal to show on the screen in a better visual
range.
v. The frequency, SPAN and AMPLITUDE can be set in the following
two ways:
Direct input: Press FREQUENCY (5), and then the prompt for the
frequency value to be input will be displayed in the ACTIVE
FUNCTION BLOCK (1) area, and then input the data and unit
through pressing DATA (11).
Input by adjusting KNOB (11): On the base of the current
frequency value, KNOB forward or backward until it reaches the
value needed.
SPAN and AMPLITUDE also can be set in the same ways. When use
the knob, you can consider about using the ascending or
descending way by STEP (11), means press STEP once and the
value will change once.
vi. Read values by the related keys in the MARKER (9) area, in many
ways, one of which is as follows:
Press MKR, a reading cursor will be displayed on the screen, and
then find the related the PEAK frequency value in the SPAN area by
KNOB (11) and read its value. In this process, the PEAK SEARCH
button can be used to find the PEAK frequency value automatically:
use NEXT PEAK, LEFT PEAK and RIGHT PEAK in SOFTKEY LABELS
(3) and SOFTKEYS (4) to find the target frequency value quickly,
and read its level value (the total of the value shown on the current
screen and reference level value) at the same time.

vii. MARKER DELTA in SOFT KEY LABELS (3) and SOFTKEYS can be
used to read the difference between two PEAKs. And one MARKER
should stay in PEAK, the other MARKER can be moved by KNOB,
and then the frequency and level DELTA difference between two
MARKERs can be read by the spectrum analyzer on-line.
viii. The functions related to TRACE in the CONTROL (8) area can be
used to measure the unstable RF signals:
Set the MAX signal as HOLD IN TRACE A;
Set the MIN UNSTABLE RF signal as HOLD IN TRACE C;
Observe the real-time UNSTABLE RF signal from TRACE B.
The transmission paths of the unstable RF signal are shown in
Figure 103.
FI GURE 103 TRANSMI SSI ON PATH OF RF SI GNAL
TRACE A
TRACE B
TRACE C

ix. For two signals with near frequencies and AMPLITUDEs, set the
judgment bandwidth RES BW of the spectrum analyzer to less than
or equal to 3dB bandwidth of the signal, to separate these two
signals, as shown in Figure 104.

FI GURE 104 3 DB BANDWI DTH OF SI GNAL
3dB
Band
width

x. For two signals with near frequencies and very different
AMPLITUDEs, we call one of them as big signal and the other one
as small signal. To avoid that the small signal is submerged by the
big signal, set the big signal with 60DB bandwidth and small one
with 3DB bandwidth.
xi. The judgment condition is: half of the 60DB bandwidth of the big
signal is not less than the frequency interval between two signals.
You also can use the method of setting UP/LOW LIMIT LINE
during the observation.
FI GURE 105 I L L USTRATI ON FOR METHOD OF UP/ L OW L I MI T L I NE
PASS
UP LINE
LOW LINE
SIGNAL

Make the signal to be tested into a template, and the spectrum
analyzer will judge whether the real-time signal meets the
requirement. If it meets the requirement, PASS will be displayed
on the upper right corner of the screen, otherwise, FAIL will be
displayed, indicating the tested signal does not meet the
requirement.

2. Perform relevant tests with the GSM test card.
i. Insert a GSM card into MEMORY CARD READER SLOT (17), turn off
the power of the spectrum analyzer and then restart it. After the
initialization of the spectrum analyzer, select the GSM MENU in the
SOFTKEY LABELS area, wait a while and then start the GSM-related
test.
ii. Generally, the output waveform of the BTS TRU can be tested.
Note: The maximum input power value of the HP8954E is 30dbm (1W), and the
signal being input into the spectrum analyzer should be less than this value.
Generally, the spectrum analyzer should be connected with the TRU output,
instead of being connected with the BRS PA directly,

iii. When the TRU output characteristics are tested, menus in SOFTKEY
LABELS and SOFTKEY can be used to measure POWER, RAMP,
FRECENCY, AMPLD and BURST.
3. Application descriptions of other related tests.
i. To test the FM and AM modulation signals, the related test
functions in the MEAS/USER menu of the spectrum analyzer will be
used. You also can demodulate these signals to observe the audio
and video signals, or connect a HEADPHONE to monitor the voice.
ii. For the use of the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) to observe the
frequency spectrum and other related functions, please refer to the
users manual of the HP spectrum analyzer.
Antenna Feeder Tester (SITE
MASTER S332B)
In the GSM BS test, the antenna feeder analyzer Site Master S332B can be
used to test SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) and RL (Return Loss) of the
antenna system in a certain frequency band range. When the faults of the
antenna system are found, it also can be used to test the SWR or RL of
different locations of the whole antenna, to locate the faults (DTF
(Distance To Fault)), and the test result curve can be directly printed by
the printer in real time.
Procedure for Testing SWR
1. Power on the device.
2. Press MODE and select FREQ-SWR by UP, LEFT and right Enter
3. Press F1 and F2 to select the frequency band to be tested.
4. Press START CAL for zeroing before the test.
i. Connect the short calibration terminal (OPEN) to RF/REFLECTION
on the backplane, and press ENTER.

ii. Connect the open-circuit calibration terminal (SHORT) to RF/OUT,
5. Select SAVE SETUP to save the calibration (optional).
6. Connect the antenna feeder being tested with RF/OUT and then
conduct SWR test.
7. Adjust the vertical coordinate through AMPLITUDE.
8. Observe the SWR at one point, and then select MARKER and M1 in turn,
and press UP, DOWN and ENTER to move the frequency band.
9. The SWR should be less than 1.5, otherwise, locate the distance and
find the fault point, in the way described in Test Procedure of DTF. If
there are some other requirements on-site, please operate according
to them.
Test Procedure of DTF
1. Press MODE and select DTF-SWR with UP/DOWN and right Enter
2. Press F1 and F2 to select the frequency band to be tested.
3. Press START CAL for zeroing before the test.
i. Connect the short calibration terminal (OPEN) to RF/REFLECTION
on the backplane, and press ENTER.
ii. Connect the open-circuit calibration terminal (SHORT) with RF/OUT,
4. Select SAVE SETUP to save the calibration (optional).
5. Connect the antenna feeder being tested to RF/OUT, to test SWR.
6. Adjust the vertical coordinate through AMPLITUDE.
7. The display distance can be adjusted by D1 and D2.
8. In the real project, the SWR should be less than 1.1.
9. The horizontal coordinate of the test result curve is the distance to the
device test interface; the vertical coordinate is the SWR of locations.
And only one SWR, of connection location, can be peak value in the
normal test results, if there are more SWR peak values, the cable in
that location may have faults, such as break.


A p p e n d i x D
Operation Maintenance
Quality Indexes of Certain
Telecom Network (Wireless
Part)

1. Call connection rate of the radio system in busy hour. G1 > 87%
G1 reflects the coverage situation of the radio system of the Unicom
GSM mobile network, with MSC as the statistics points.
G1 = Total paging response times M1/ Total paging attempt times N1
100%.
M1: The total times (including second pagings) of the responses
received by the switch from the mobile terminal.
N1: The total times (first pagings) of the paging attempt initiated by
the MSC,
2. Call drop rate in the signaling channel of the wireless system in busy
hour. G2 < 1.5%
G2 reflects the quality situation of the radio system signaling channel
(SDCCH) of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the radio subsystem
of the local network as the statistics point.
G2 = Total times of call loss in signaling channel (SDCCH) in busy
hour/Total utilization times of signaling channel (SDCCH) in busy hour
100%
3. Call lose rate (not including handover) in the voice channel of the radio
system in busy hour. G3 < 3 %
G3 reflects the quality situation of the radio system voice channel (TCH)
of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the radio subsystem of the
local network as the statistics point.
G3 = Total times of call loss in voice channel (TCH) in busy hour/Total
utilization times (not including handover) of voice channel (TCH) in
busy hour 100%

4. Congestion rate of the radio system of the Unicom mobile network in
busy hour. G4 < 5 %
G4 reflects the congestion situation of the signaling channel (SDCCH)
and voice channel (TCH) of the radio system of the Unicom GSM
mobile network, with the radio subsystem of the local network as the
statistics point.
G4 = (1 - (1 congestion rate of the signaling channel in busy hour)
(1 congestion rate of the voice channel in busy hour (including
handover) ) 100% congestion rate of the signaling channel in busy
hour = total overflow times of the signaling channel in busy hour/total
call attempt times of the signaling channel in busy hour
Congestion rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour
= total overflow times (including handover) of the voice channel in
busy hour/total call attempt times of the voice channel in busy hour
5. The worst cell ratio of the radio system of the Unicom mobile network
in busy hour. G5 < 5%
G5 reflects ratio of the cells having high call loss rate of the radio
system of the Unicom GSM mobile network, with the wireless
subsystem of the local network as the statistics point.
G5= Quantity of the worst cells/Total quantity of the cells having the
traffic per channel not less than 0.1 Erlang 100%.
Definition of the bad cell: A bad cell is the cell having a call drop rate
(including handover) of the voice channel greater than 3% and a
average traffic per channel not less than 0.1 Erlang while less than 0.6
Erlang.
Call drop rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour =
total call drop times of the voice channel in busy hour/total utilization
times (including handover) of the voice channel (TCH) in busy hour
100%
6. The overflow cell rate of the radio system of the Unicom mobile
network in busy hour. G6 < 5%
G6 reflects the load situation, which is the congestion rate of the
signaling channel and the ratio of the cells having high congestion rate
of the voice channel, of the radio system of the Unicom GSM mobile
network, with the radio subsystem of the local network as the statistics
point.
G6 = Quantity of the overflow cells/ Total quantity of the cells 100%
Definition of the overflow cell: The overflow cell is the cell having a
congestion rate of the signaling channel not less than 2% or the cell
having a congestion rate (including handover) of the voice channel in
busy hour not less than 5%.
Congestion rate of the signaling channel in busy hour = total overflow
times of the signaling channel in busy hour/total call attempt times of
the singling channel in busy hour 100%
Congestion rate (including handover) of the voice channel in busy hour
= total overflow times (including handover) of the voice channel in
busy hour/total call attempt times of the voice channel in busy hour
100%

Abbreviations

Abbreviation Full Name
AB Access Burst
Abis Abis
AEM Antenna Equipment Module
AGCH Access granted Channel
ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel No
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
AUC Authentication Center
BBP Base Band Processor
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BER Bit Error Rate
BFI Bad Frame Indication
BIE Base station Interface Equipment
BP Burst Period (pulse)
BSC Base Station Controller
BSIC Base Station Identify Code
BSS Base Station Subsystem
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CCCH Calling Control Channel
CCH Common Channel
CELL Cellular
CELP Code Excited Linear Prediction Coding
CHP Channel Processor
C/I Carrier to Interference Ratio
CIP Carrier Interface Part
CLK Clock
CM Communication Management
CMM Controller & Maintenance Module
CS Circuit Switched
CU Carrier Unit
DB Data Base

DBS Data Base Subsystem
DLCI Data Link Connection Identifier
DRX Discontinued Receiving
DSP Digital Signal Processor
DTX Discontinuous Transmission
E1 E1
EAM External Alarm Module
ECDU E Combiner Distribution Unit
EDGE Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution
EIR Equipment Identity Register
EPLD Erasable Programmable Logic Device
ETP Extend Test Port
ETRM Transceiver Module for EDGE
FACCH Fast Associated Control Channel
FB Frequency correction Burst
FCCH Frequency Correction Channel
FCLK Frame Clock
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FDMA Frequency Division Multiplex Access
FN Frame Number
FU Frame Unit
FUC Frame Unit Controller
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Globe System for Mobile communication
HDB3 High Degree Bipolar coding
HDLC High Level Data Link Controller
HLR Home Location Register
HPI Host Processor Interface
HW HighWay
ID Identification/Identity
I/Q In phase/Quadrature
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
LapD Link Access Procedure D Channel
LapDm Link Access Procedure Dm(mobile D)Channel
LLC Logical Link Control

Abbreviations
LM Local Manager
LMT Local Manager Terminal
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LO Local Oscillator
LP Local Poll
LPF Loop Filter
LVDS Low Voltage Differential Signaling
MAC Medium Access Control
McBSP Multi-channel Buffer Serial Port
MM Mobility Management
MMI Man-Machine Interface
MO Manage Object
MS Mobile Station
MSC Mobile Switch Center
MSS Mobile Switch System
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
NB Normal Burst
NRZ Non-Return to Zero coding
OAMM Operational And Maintenance Module
OBCLK Octet Binary clock
OMC Operation and Maintenance Center
PA Power Amplifier
PACCH Packet Associated Control Channel
PAGCH Packet Access granted Channel
PAGCHM PCH&AGCH Management
PAU Power Amplifier Unit
PBCCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PCCCH Packet Common Control Channel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PCU Packet Control Unit
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PDCH Packet Data Channel
PDM Power Distribution Module
PDN Packet Data Network
PDTCH Packet Data Traffic Channel
PDU Protocol Data Unit

PLL Phase Lock Loop
PNCH Packet Notification Channel
PPCH Packet Paging Channel
PRACH Packet Random Access Channel
PS Power Supply
PSI Packet System Information
PTCCH Packet Timing advance Control Channel
PTM Point To Multipoint
RACH Random Access Channel
RCU Radio Carrier Unit
RF Radio Frequency
RLC Radio Link Control
RR Radio Resource management
RSL Radio Signal Layer
RX Receiver
SACCH Slow Associated Control Channel
SAPI Service Access Point Indicator
SB Synchronization Burst
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDCCH Stand Alone Dedicated Control Channel
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SI System Information
SID Silence Descriptor
SMC Short Message Center
SNDCP Subnetwork Dependent Convergence protocol
SPAU Super Power Amplifier Unit
STRM Super Transceiver Unit
Synclk Synchronous Clock
TAI Timing Advance Index
TAF Time Alignment Flag
TBF Temporary Block Flow
TC Transcoder
TCH Traffic Channel
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TEI Terminal Equipment Identification
TFI Temporary Flow Identity
TPF Tracking Phase lock Frequency synthesizer

Abbreviations
TPU Transceiver Process Unit
TRM Transceiver Module
TRX Transceivers
Time Slot TS
TX Transmitter
Um Um
USF Uplink State Flag
VCO Voltage Control Oscillator
VLR Visitor Location Register
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio


Figures

Figure 1 Correctly Putting on Antistatic Wrist Strap .......................................... 7
Figure 2 OMCR Main Interface......................................................................21
Figure 3 Alarm Management Main Interface ...................................................21
Figure 4 Display of Current Alarms on a Site ..................................................22
Figure 5 Selection Interface for Alarm Management Physical View ..................23
Figure 6 Alarm Management Physical View Interface.....................................23
Figure 7 Physical Rack Display Interface........................................................24
Figure 8 Viewing Current Alarms of a Board ...................................................24
Figure 9 Alarm Management Alarm History Query Interface...........................25
Figure 10 Alarm Query Wizard Dialog Box......................................................26
Figure 11 Alarm Query Wizard Interface........................................................26
Figure 12 Alarm Query Wizard 1...................................................................27
Figure 16 Dynamic Data Management Main Interface ......................................29
Figure 17 Dynamic Data Status Display.........................................................30
Figure 18 Performance Analyzer Main Interface ..............................................31
Figure 19 Performance Report Wizard ...........................................................31
Figure 20 Select NM Domain and Report Type ................................................32
Figure 21 Performance Report Wizard 1.........................................................32
Figure 22 Please Select Analyzed Objects ......................................................33
Figure 24 Please Select Time .......................................................................34
Figure 25 Daily Performance Report Display Result .........................................34
Figure 31 Daily Traffic Report Display Result ..................................................38
Figure 32 Alarm Management Selecting Alarm History Query Interface............40
Figure 33 Alarm Query Wizard Dialog Box......................................................40
Figure 37 Query by Alarm Code....................................................................42
Figure 38 Query by Alarm Class ...................................................................43
Figure 39 Confirmed History Alarm Display ....................................................43
Figure 40 Alarm Frequency Statistics ............................................................44
Figure 41 Alarm Frequency Statistics Interface...............................................45
Figure 42 Alarm Frequency Statistics Selecting Alarm Source.........................45
Figure 43 Alarm Frequency Statistics - Selecting Time Period for Alarm Statistics 46
Figure 44 Alarm Frequency Statistics Selecting Statistics Filtering Conditions ...46
Figure 45 Alarm Frequency Statistics Showing Statistics Result in a List ..........47
Figure 46 Alarm Frequency Statistics Showing Statistics Result in a Graph.......47

Figure 52 Please Select Time (Month) ...........................................................51
Figure 53 Select Start and Stop Date ............................................................52
Figure 54 Monthly Report Display Result........................................................52
Figure 56 Bad Cell Report............................................................................54
Figure 58 Select Analyzed Objects ................................................................55
Figure 60 Please Select Time (Month) ...........................................................56
Figure 61 Select Start Time and Stop Date ....................................................56
Figure 62 Display of Bad Cell Report .............................................................57
Figure 63 CKU Correction ............................................................................71
Figure 64 Rotary Goniometer with Air Bleeder ................................................73
Figure 65 Measuring Obliquity......................................................................73
Figure 66 Adjusting Lower Tilting Angle.........................................................74
Figure 67 BS Fault Locating Flow Chart ....................................................... 131
Figure 68 AEM Fault Locating Flow.............................................................. 133
Figure 69 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Poor Conversation Quality Faults.......... 135
Figure 70 Fault Locating Flow Chart of Shrinkage of BS Coverage.................... 138
Figure 71 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Cell Carrier not Being Occupied............ 141
Figure 72 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Carrier LAPD Broken-Link at a Site....... 143
Figure 73 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Wide-Spread Transient Interruption of BS
Carrier LAPD.................................................................................... 145
Figure 74 Fault Locating Flow Chart for LAPD Board ...................................... 146
Figure 75 Fault Locating Flow for a Normal BS but with Abnormal BS Handover. 148
Figure 76 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Lightning-Stricken BS......................... 150
Figure 77 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Unstable MS Signal in Idle State .......... 152
Figure 78 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Unstable MS Signals in Conversation .... 153
Figure 79 Fault Locating Flow Chart for Low TCH Assignment Success Ratio and
Phones Being Difficult to Get Through.................................................. 155
Figure 80 Fault Locating Flow Chart for MS Echoes in Conversation ................. 157
Figure 81 Fault Locating Flow Chart of Unidirectional Mobile Phone Calls .......... 159
Figure 82 Fault Locating Flow Chart of SDCCH Being Occupied too Long........... 161
Figure 83 Fault Locating Flow of Sudden Rising Call Drop Rate in a Cell ............ 165
Figure 84 Sites Distribution ....................................................................... 169
Figure 85 Root Menu ................................................................................ 203
Figure 86 Screen 1 of Network Data of Serving cell in Idle Status.................... 204
Figure 90 Screen 1 of Network Data of Serving cell in Communication Status.... 206
Figure 94 TRACE Menu.............................................................................. 209
Figure 95 SIM Menu ................................................................................. 210
Figure 96 COUNTERS Menu ....................................................................... 210
Figure 97 BIRD Power Meter Components.................................................... 215
Figure 98 Test Connection of Power Meter ................................................... 216
Figure 99 Connection of Matching Load (Measuring Forward Power)................. 216
Figure 100 Connection of Matching Load (Measuring Reverse Power) ............... 217
Figure 101 Structure of HP8954E Spectrum Analyzer.....................................218
Figure 102 Connection Diagram for RF Measurement..................................... 219
Figure 103 Transmission Path of RF Signal ...................................................220
Figure 104 3 dB Bandwidth of Signal........................................................... 221
Figure 105 Illustration for Method of UP/LOW LIMIT LINE...............................221

Tables

Table 1 Typographical Conventions............................................................... xii
Table 2 Mouse Operation Conventions.......................................................... xiii
Table 3 Safety Signs.................................................................................... 2
Table 4 Daily Routine Maintenance Checklist ..................................................20
Table 5 Weekly Routine Maintenance Checklist ...............................................39
Table 6 Monthly Routine Maintenance Checklist ..............................................48
Table 7 Biannual Routine Maintenance Checklist .............................................58
Table 8 Normal Status of Indicators on CMM Module Panel ...............................61
Table 9 Abnormal Status of Indicators on CMM Module Panel ............................62
Table 10 Normal Status of Indicators on ETRM Module Panel ............................64
Table 11 Relationship between Indicator Bit Display and Number of Activated TS 65
Table 12 Abnormal Status of Indicators on ETRM Module Panel .........................66
Table 13 Normal Status of Indicators on CDU Module Panel ..............................68
Table 14 Abnormal Status of Indicators on CDU Module Panel...........................68
Table 15 Dividing Alarm Levels ....................................................................86
Table 16 Summary Table of Alarms ..............................................................87
Table 17 Common Faults of BS21 (V2.2) Device ........................................... 128
Table 18 Major Faults of BS21 (V2.2).......................................................... 129
Table 19 Description of Wireless Parameters Configuration............................. 170
Table 20 Corresponding Relationship between Nominal Maximum Output Powers of
GSM900 Mobile Phone and Power Types............................................... 172
Table 21 Corresponding Relationship between Power Control Level of GSM900
Mobile Phones and Nominal Output Power ............................................ 173

Compact OutDoor BS21 BTS Maintenance Manual

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