ISO 14121-1

First edition 2007-09-01

Safe mac R asse t

Pa Prin

Scurit Apprc

machin

risque

Principe

IN TERNATIONAL STANDARD

Re"eren#e n$%&er ISO 1'121-1(2007)E*

ISO 14121PDF disclaimer

ISO 14121-

T!is PDF "ile %a+ #ontain e%&edded t+,e"a#es- In a##ordan#e .it! Ado&e/s li#ensin ,oli#+0 t!is "ile %a+ &e ,rinted or 1ie.ed &$t s!all not &e edited $nless t!e t+,e"a#es .!i#! are e%&edded are li#ensed to and installed on t!e #o%,$ter ,er"or%in t!e editin - In do.nloadin t!is "ile0 ,arties a##e,t t!erein t!e res,onsi&ilit+ o" not in"rin in Ado&e/s li#ensin ,oli#+- T!e ISO 2entral Se#retariat a##e,ts no lia&ilit+ in t!is areaAdo&e is a trade%ar3 o" Ado&e S+ste%s In#or,oratedDetails o" t!e so"t.are ,rod$#ts $sed to #reate t!is PDF "ile #an &e "o$nd in t!e 4eneral In"o relati1e to t!e "ile5 t!e PDF-#reation ,ara%eters .ere o,ti%i6ed "or ,rintin - E1er+ #are !as &een ta3en to ens$re t!at t!e "ile is s$ita&le "or $se &+ ISO %e%&er &odies- In t!e $nli3el+ e1ent t!at a ,ro&le% relatin to it is "o$nd0 ,lease in"or% t!e 2entral Se#retariat at t!e address i1en &elo.-

COPYRIGH PRO !C !D DOC"#!$

ISO 2007 All ri !ts reser1ed- 7nless ot!er.ise s,e#i"ied0 no ,art o" t!is ,$&li#ation %a+ &e re,rod$#ed or $tili6ed in an+ "or% or &+ an+ %eans0 ele#troni# or %e#!ani#al0 in#l$din ,!oto#o,+in and %i#ro"il%0 .it!o$t ,er%ission in .ritin "ro% eit!er ISO at t!e address &elo. or ISO/s %e%&er &od+ in t!e #o$ntr+ o" t!e re8$esterISO #o,+ri !t o""i#e 2ase ,ostale 9: 2;-1211 4ene1a 20 Tel- < '1 22 7'9 01 11 Fa= < '1 22 7'9 09 '7 E-%ail #o,+ri !t>iso-or ?e& ...-iso-or P$&lis!ed in S.it6erland

C%ntents

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F%re&%rd'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' i( Intr%d)cti%n '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ( 1 2 * 4 4'1 4'2 -'1 -'2 -'* -'4 -'/ 0 0'1 0'2 0'* 1 1'1 1'2 1'* 3 Sc%pe ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1 $%rmati(e references ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1 erms and definiti%ns''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1 General principles''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4 +asic c%ncepts'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4 Inf%rmati%n f%r ris, assessment ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Determinati%n %f limits %f machiner. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' / General''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' / "se limits ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 Space limits ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 ime limits ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 0 Other limits '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1 Ha2ard identificati%n''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1 Ris, estimati%n ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3 General''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3 !lements %f ris, '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3 4spects t% 5e c%nsidered d)rin6 ris, estimati%n ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 12 Ris, e(al)ati%n'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1* General''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1* 4chie(ement %f ade7)ate ris, red)cti%n ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 14 C%mparis%n %f ris,s ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1D%c)mentati%n '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1-

4nne8 4 )in"or%ati1e* !8amples %f ha2ards9 ha2ard%)s sit)ati%ns and ha2ard%)s e(ents '''''''''''''''''''' 1/ +i5li%6raph. ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 21

F%re&%rd
ISO )t!e International Or ani6ation "or Standardi6ation* is a .orld.ide "ederation o" national standards &odies )ISO %e%&er &odies*- T!e .or3 o" ,re,arin International Standards is nor%all+ #arried o$t t!ro$ ! ISO te#!ni#al #o%%ittees- Ea#! %e%&er &od+ interested in a s$&@e#t "or .!i#! a te#!ni#al #o%%ittee !as &een esta&lis!ed !as t!e ri !t to &e re,resented on t!at #o%%ittee- International or ani6ations0 o1ern%ental and non- o1ern%ental0 in liaison .it! ISO0 also ta3e ,art in t!e .or3- ISO #olla&orates #losel+ .it! t!e International Ele#trote#!ni#al 2o%%ission )IE2* on all %atters o" ele#trote#!ni#al standardi6ationInternational Standards are dra"ted in a##ordan#e .it! t!e r$les i1en in t!e ISOAIE2 Dire#ti1es0 Part 2T!e %ain tas3 o" te#!ni#al #o%%ittees is to ,re,are International Standards- Dra"t International Standards ado,ted &+ t!e te#!ni#al #o%%ittees are #ir#$lated to t!e %e%&er &odies "or 1otin - P$&li#ation as an International Standard re8$ires a,,ro1al &+ at least 79 B o" t!e %e%&er &odies #astin a 1oteAttention is dra.n to t!e ,ossi&ilit+ t!at so%e o" t!e ele%ents o" t!is do#$%ent %a+ &e t!e s$&@e#t o" ,atent ri !ts- ISO s!all not &e !eld res,onsi&le "or identi"+in an+ or all s$#! ,atent ri !tsISO 1'121-1 .as ,re,ared &+ Te#!ni#al 2o%%ittee ISOAT2 1990 Safety of machineryT!is "irst edition o" ISO 1'121-1 #an#els and re,la#es ISO 1'121(19990 o" .!i#! it #onstit$tes a te#!ni#al re1isionISO 1'121 #onsists o" t!e "ollo.in assessment( Part Principles 1: ,arts0 $nder t!e eneral title Safety of machinery Risk

Part 2: Practical guidance and examples of methods CTe#!ni#al Re,ortD

Intr%d)cti%n
T!e str$#t$re o" sa"et+ standards in t!e "ield o" %a#!iner+ is as "ollo.sa* &* T+,e-A standards )&asi# standards* i1e &asi# #on#e,ts0 ,rin#i,les "or desi n0 and eneral as,e#ts t!at #an &e a,,lied to %a#!iner+T+,e-E standards ) eneri# sa"et+ standards* deal .it! one or %ore sa"et+ as,e#t)s* or one or %ore t+,e)s* o" sa"e $ards t!at #an &e $sed a#ross a .ide ran e o" %a#!iner+( #* t+,e-E1 standards on ,arti#$lar sa"et+ as,e#ts )e- - sa"et+ distan#es0 s$r"a#e te%,erat$re0 noise*5 t+,e-E2 standards on sa"e $ards )e- - t.o-!ands #ontrols0 interlo#3in de1i#es0 ,ress$re sensiti1e de1i#es0 $ards*-

T+,e-2 standards )%a#!ine sa"et+ standards* deal .it! detailed sa"et+ re8$ire%ents "or a ,arti#$lar %a#!ine or ro$, o" %a#!ines-

T!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 is a t+,e-A standard as stated in ISO 12100-1?!en ,ro1isions o" a t+,e-2 standard are di""erent "ro% t!ose .!i#! are stated in t+,e-A or t+,e-E standards0 t!e ,ro1isions o" t!e t+,e-2 standard ta3e ,re#eden#e o1er t!e ,ro1isions o" t!e ot!er standards "or %a#!ines t!at !a1e &een desi ned and &$ilt a##ordin to t!e ,ro1isions o" t!e t+,e-2 standardT!e ,$r,ose o" t!is t+,e-A standard is to des#ri&e ,rin#i,les "or a #onsistent s+ste%ati# ,ro#ed$re "or ris3 assess%ent as stated in ISO 12100-1(200F0 2la$se 9T!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 i1es $idan#e "or de#isions related to t!e desi n o" %a#!iner+ and .ill assist in t!e ,re,aration o" #onsistent and a,,ro,riate t+,e-E and t+,e-2 standards0 so t!at %a#!ines #an &e ,rod$#ed t!at are sa"e "or t!eir intended $se in a##ordan#e .it! t!e %et!odolo + i1en in ISO 12100Anne= A i1es0 in se,arate ta&les0 e=a%,les o" !a6ards0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations and !a6ardo$s e1ents0 so as to #lari"+ t!ese #on#e,ts and assist t!e desi ner in t!e ,ro#ess o" !a6ard identi"i#ationT!e ,ra#ti#al $se o" a n$%&er o" %et!ods "or ea#! sta e o" ris3 assess%ent is des#ri&ed ISOATR 1'121-20 .!i#! also i1es so%e $idan#e on !o. t!e sele#tion o" ,rote#ti1e %eas$res )in a##ordan#e .it! ISO 12100* #an red$#e t!e di""erent ele%ents o" ris3 in relation to Fi $re 2 o" t!is ,art o" ISO 1'121T!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 #an &e in#or,orated in trainin #o$rses and %an$als .!ere a,,ro,riate to i1e &asi# instr$#tion on ris3 assess%ent-

ISO 14121I$ !R$4 IO$4:

ISO 14121-

Safet. %f machiner. Ris, assessment Part 1( Principles

Sc%pe

T!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 esta&lis!es eneral ,rin#i,les intended to &e $sed to %eet t!e ris3 red$#tion o&@e#ti1es esta&lis!ed in ISO 12100-1(200F0 2la$se 9- T!ese ,rin#i,les o" ris3 assess%ent &rin to et!er 3no.led e and e=,erien#e o" t!e desi n0 $se0 in#idents0 a##idents and !ar% related to %a#!iner+ in order to assess t!e ris3s ,osed d$rin t!e rele1ant ,!ases o" t!e li"e #+#le o" a %a#!ineT!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 ,ro1ides $idan#e on t!e in"or%ation t!at .ill &e re8$ired to ena&le ris3 assess%ent to &e #arried o$t- Pro#ed$res are des#ri&ed "or identi"+in !a6ards and esti%atin and e1al$atin ris3It also i1es $idan#e on t!e %a3in o" de#isions relatin to t!e sa"et+ o" %a#!iner+ and on t!e t+,e o" do#$%entation re8$ired to 1eri"+ t!e ris3 assess%ent #arried o$tIt is not a,,li#a&le to ris3s ,osed to do%esti# ani%als0 ,ro,ert+ or t!e en1iron%ent-

$%rmati(e references

T!e "ollo.in re"eren#ed do#$%ents are indis,ensa&le "or t!e a,,li#ation o" t!is do#$%ent- For dated re"eren#es0 onl+ t!e edition #ited a,,lies- For $ndated re"eren#es0 t!e latest edition o" t!e re"eren#ed do#$%ent )in#l$din an+ a%end%ents* a,,liesISO 12100-1(200F0 Safety of machinery asic concepts! general principles for design Part 1: terminology! methodology asic

ISO 12100-2(200F0 Safety of machinery asic concepts! general principles for design Part 2: "echnical principles and specifications

erms and definiti%ns

ter%s and de"initions

For t!e ,$r,oses o" t!is do#$%ent0 t!e "ollo.in a,,l+*'1 harm ,!+si#al in@$r+ or da%a e to !ealt! CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-9D

*'2 ha2ard ,otential so$r#e o" !ar%

NOTE 1 T!e ter% G!a6ardH #an &e 8$ali"ied in order to de"ine its ori in )e- - %e#!ani#al !a6ard0 ele#tri#al !a6ard* or t!e nat$re o" t!e ,otential !ar% )e- - ele#tri# s!o#3 !a6ard0 #$ttin !a6ard0 to=i# !a6ard0 "ire !a6ard*NOTE 2 T!e !a6ard en1isa ed in t!is de"inition(

eit!er is ,er%anentl+ ,resent d$rin t!e intended $se o" t!e %a#!ine )e- - %otion o" !a6ardo$s %o1in ele%ents0 ele#tri# ar# d$rin a .eldin ,!ase0 $n!ealt!+ ,ost$re0 noise e%ission0 !i ! te%,erat$re*5 or #an a,,ear $ne=,e#tedl+ )e- - e=,losion0 #r$s!in !a6ard as a #onse8$en#e o" an $nintended A $ne=,e#ted start- $,0 e@e#tion as a #onse8$en#e o" a &rea3a e0 "all as a #onse8$en#e o" a##eleration A de#eleration*

CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-:D *'* ha2ard 2%ne dan6er 2%ne an+ s,a#e .it!in andAor aro$nd %a#!iner+ in .!i#! a ,erson #an &e e=,osed to a !a6ard CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-10D *'4 ha2ard%)s e(ent e1ent t!at #an #a$se !ar%
NOTE A !a6ardo$s e1ent #an o##$r o1er a s!ort ,eriod o" ti%e or o1er an e=tended ,eriod o" ti%e-

*'ha2ard%)s sit)ati%n #ir#$%stan#e in .!i#! a ,erson is e=,osed to at least one !a6ard

NOTE T!e e=,os$re #an res$lt in !ar% i%%ediatel+ or o1er a ,eriod o" ti%e-

CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-9D *'/ intended )se %f a machine $se o" a %a#!ine in a##ordan#e .it! t!e in"or%ation ,ro1ided in t!e instr$#tions "or $se CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-22D *'0 machiner. machine asse%&l+ o" lin3ed ,arts or #o%,onents0 at least one o" .!i#! %o1es0 .it! t!e a,,ro,riate %a#!ine a#t$ators0 #ontrol and ,o.er #ir#$its0 @oined to et!er "or a s,e#i"i# a,,li#ation0 in ,arti#$lar "or t!e ,ro#essin 0 treat%ent0 %o1in or ,a#3a in o" a %aterial
NOTE T!e ter% G%a#!iner+H also #o1ers an asse%&l+ o" %a#!ines .!i#!0 in order to a#!ie1e t!e sa%e end0 are arran ed and #ontrolled so t!at t!e+ "$n#tion as an inte ral .!ole-

CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-1D *'1 malf)ncti%n "ail$re o" a %a#!ine to ,er"or% an intended "$n#tion
NOTE For e=a%,les0 see ISO 12100-1(200F0 9-F &*0 ite% 2*-

*'3 pr%tecti(e meas)re %eas$re intended to a#!ie1e ris3 red$#tion

NOTE 1 It is i%,le%ented(

ISO 14121-

ISO 14121-

&+ t!e desi ner )in!erentl+ sa"e desi n0 sa"e $ardin and #o%,le%entar+ ,rote#ti1e %eas$res0 in"or%ation "or $se*5 or &+ t!e $ser )or ani6ation( sa"e .or3in ,ro#ed$res0 s$,er1ision0 ,er%it-to-.or3 s+ste%s5 ,ro1ision and $se o" additional sa"e $ards5 $se o" ,ersonal ,rote#ti1e e8$i,%ent5 trainin *See ISO 12100-1(200F0 Fi $re 1-

NOTE 2

CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-1ID *'1; reas%na5l. f%reseea5le mis)se $se o" a %a#!ine in a .a+ not intended &+ t!e desi ner0 &$t .!i#! %a+ res$lt "ro% readil+ ,redi#ta&le !$%an &e!a1io$r CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-2FD *'11 resid)al ris, ris3 re%ainin a"ter ,rote#ti1e %eas$res !a1e &een ta3en
NOTE See ISO 12100-1(200F0 Fi $re 1-

CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-12D *'12 ris, #o%&ination o" t!e ,ro&a&ilit+ o" o##$rren#e o" !ar% and t!e se1erit+ o" t!at !ar% CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-11D *'1* ris, anal.sis #o%&ination o" t!e s,e#i"i#ation o" t!e li%its o" t!e %a#!ine0 !a6ard identi"i#ation and ris3 esti%ation CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-1'D *'14 ris, assessment o1erall ,ro#ess #o%,risin a ris3 anal+sis and a ris3 e1al$ation CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-1FD *'1ris, estimati%n de"inition o" li3el+ se1erit+ o" !ar% and ,ro&a&ilit+ o" its o##$rren#e CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-19D *'1/ ris, e(al)ati%n @$d e%ent0 on t!e &asis o" ris3 anal+sis0 o" .!et!er t!e ris3 red$#tion o&@e#ti1es !a1e &een a#!ie1ed CISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-1:D

*'10 tas, s,e#i"i# a#ti1it+ ,er"or%ed &+ one or %ore ,ersons on or in t!e 1i#init+ o" t!e %a#!ine d$rin li"e#+#le

its

4
4'1

General principles
+asic c%ncepts

Ris3 assess%ent is a series o" lo i#al ste,s to ena&le0 in a s+ste%ati# .a+0 t!e anal+sis and e1al$ation o" t!e ris3s asso#iated .it! %a#!iner+- Ris3 assess%ent is "ollo.ed0 .!ene1er ne#essar+0 &+ ris3 red$#tion as des#ri&ed in ISO 12100-1(200F0 2la$se 9- Iteration o" t!is ,ro#ess #an &e ne#essar+ to eli%inate !a6ards as "ar as ,ra#ti#a&le and to ade8$atel+ red$#e ris3s &+ t!e i%,le%entation o" ,rote#ti1e %eas$resRis3 assess%ent in#l$des t!e "ollo.in )see Fi $re 1*( a* ris3 anal+sis( 1* 2* F* &* deter%ination o" t!e li%its o" t!e %a#!iner+ )see 2la$se 9*5 !a6ard identi"i#ation )see 2la$se :*5 ris3 esti%ation )see 2la$se 7*5

ris3 e1al$ation )see 2la$se I*-

Ris3 anal+sis ,ro1ides in"or%ation re8$ired "or t!e ris3 e1al$ation0 .!i#! in t$rn allo.s @$d e%ents to &e %ade a&o$t .!et!er or not ris3 red$#tion is re8$iredT!ese @$d %ents s!all &e s$,,orted &+ a 8$alitati1e0 or .!ere a,,ro,riate0 a 8$antitati1e0 esti%ate o" t!e ris3 asso#iated .it! t!e !a6ards ,resent on t!e %a#!iner+
NOTE A 8$antitati1e a,,roa#! #an &e a,,ro,riate .!en $se"$l data is a1aila&le- ;o.e1er0 a 8$antitati1e a,,roa#! is restri#ted &+ t!e $se"$l data t!at are a1aila&le andAor t!e li%ited reso$r#es o" t!ose #ond$#tin t!e ris3 assess%entT!ere"ore0 in %an+ a,,li#ations0 onl+ 8$alitati1e ris3 esti%ation .ill &e ,ossi&le-

T!e ris3 assess%ent s!all &e #ond$#ted so t!at it is ,ossi&le to do#$%ent t!e ,ro#ed$re t!at !as &een "ollo.ed and t!e res$lts t!at !a1e &een a#!ie1ed )see 2la$se 9*-

Fi6)re 1 Iterati(e pr%cess f%r red)cin6 ris,

4'2

Inf%rmati%n f%r ris, assessment

T!e in"or%ation "or ris3 assess%ent s!o$ld in#l$de t!e "ollo.in ( a* related to %a#!iner+ des#ri,tion( 1* 2* $ser s,e#i"i#ations5 anti#i,ated %a#!iner+ s,e#i"i#ations0 in#l$din i* ii* des#ri,tion o" t!e 1ario$s ,!ases o" t!e .!ole li"e #+#le o" t!e %a#!iner+0 desi n dra.in s or ot!er %eans o" esta&lis!in t!e nat$re o" t!e %a#!iner+0 re8$ired ener + so$r#es and !o. t!e+ are s$,,lied5

and iii*

F* do#$%entation on ,re1io$s desi ns o" si%ilar %a#!iner+0 i" rele1ant5 '* &* in"or%ation "or $se o" t!e %a#!iner+0 as a1aila&le5

related to re $lations0 standards and ot!er a,,li#a&le do#$%ents( 1* 2* F* '* a,,li#a&le re $lations5 rele1ant standards5 rele1ant te#!ni#al s,e#i"i#ations5 sa"et+ data s!eets5

#*

related to e=,erien#e o" $se( 1* an+ a##ident0 in#ident or %al"$n#tion !istor+ o" t!e a#t$al or si%ilar %a#!iner+5 2* t!e !istor+ o" da%a e to !ealt! res$ltin 0 "or e=a%,le0 "ro% e%issions )noise0 1i&ration0 d$st0 "$%es0 et#-*0 #!e%i#als $sed or %aterials ,ro#essed &+ t!e %a#!iner+-

NOTE An in#ident t!at !as o##$rred and res$lted in !ar% #an &e re"erred to as an Ga##identH0 .!ereas an in#ident t!at !as o##$rred and t!at did not res$lt in !ar% #an &e re"erred to as a Gnear %issH or Gdan ero$s o##$rren#eH-

d*

Rele1ant er ono%i# ,rin#i,les )see ISO 12100-2(200F0 '-I*-

T!e in"or%ation s!all &e $,dated as t!e desi n de1elo,s or .!en %odi"i#ations to t!e %a#!ine are re8$ired2o%,arisons &et.een si%ilar !a6ardo$s sit$ations asso#iated .it! di""erent t+,es o" %a#!iner+ are o"ten ,ossi&le0 ,ro1ided t!at s$""i#ient in"or%ation a&o$t !a6ards and a##ident #ir#$%stan#es in t!ose sit$ations is a1aila&leT!e a&sen#e o" an a##ident !istor+0 a s%all n$%&er o" a##idents or lo. se1erit+ o" a##idents s!o$ld not &e ta3en as a ,res$%,tion o" a lo. ris3For 8$antitati1e anal+sis0 data "ro% data &ases0 !and&oo3s0 la&oratories or %an$"a#t$rersJ s,e#i"i#ations %a+ &e $sed0 ,ro1ided t!at t!ere is #on"iden#e in t!e s$ita&ilit+ o" t!e data- 7n#ertaint+ asso#iated .it! t!ese data s!all &e indi#ated in t!e do#$%entation )see 2la$se 9*-

-'1

Determinati%n %f limits %f machiner.

General

Ris3 assess%ent &e ins .it! t!e deter%ination o" t!e li%its o" t!e %a#!iner+0 ta3in into a##o$nt all t!e ,!ases o" t!e %a#!iner+ li"e- T!is %eans t!at t!e #!ara#teristi#s and ,er"or%an#es o" t!e %a#!ine or a series o" %a#!ines in an inte rated ,ro#ess0 and t!e related ,eo,le0 en1iron%ent and ,rod$#ts0 s!o$ld &e identi"ied in ter%s o" t!e li%its o" %a#!iner+ as i1en in 9-2 to 9-:-

-'2

"se limits

7se li%its in#l$des t!e intended $se and t!e reasona&l+ "oreseea&le %is$se- As,e#ts to &e ta3en into a##o$nt in#l$de t!e "ollo.in ( a* &* t!e di""erent %a#!ine o,eratin %odes and t!e di""erent inter1ention ,ro#ed$res "or t!e $sers )in#l$din inter1entions re8$ired &+ %al"$n#tions o" t!e %a#!ine $se*5 t!e $se o" t!e %a#!iner+ )e- - ind$strial0 non-ind$strial and do%esti#* &+ ,ersons identi"ied &+ se=0 a e0 do%inant !and $sa e0 or li%itin ,!+si#al a&ilities )e- - 1is$al or !earin i%,air%ent0 si6e0 stren t!* K i" s,e#i"i# in"or%ation is not a1aila&le0 t!e %an$"a#t$rer s!o$ld ta3e into a##o$nt eneral in"or%ation a&o$t t!e intended $ser ,o,$lation )e- - a,,ro,riate ant!ro,o%etri# data*5 t!e anti#i,ated le1els o" trainin 0 e=,erien#e or a&ilit+ o" $sers s$#! as 1* 2* F* '* d* o,erators0 %aintenan#e ,ersonnel or te#!ni#ians0 trainees and a,,renti#es0 and t!e eneral ,$&li#5

#*

e=,os$re o" ot!er ,ersons to t!e !a6ards asso#iated .it! t!e %a#!iner+ .!ere it #an &e reasona&l+ "oreseen0 in#l$din 1* 2* o,erators .or3in in t!e 1i#init+0 e- - o,erators o" ad@a#ent %a#!iner+ )i-e- ,ersons li3el+ to !a1e a ood a.areness o" t!e s,e#i"i# !a6ards*0 non-o,erator e%,lo+ees in t!e 1i#init+0 e- - ad%inistration sta"" )i-e- ,ersons .it! little a.areness o" s,e#i"i# !a6ards &$t li3el+ to !a1e a ood a.areness o" site sa"et+ ,ro#ed$res0 a$t!ori6ed ro$tes et#-*0 and non-e%,lo+ees in t!e 1i#init+0 e- - 1isitors )i-e- ,ersons li3el+ to !a1e 1er+ little a.areness o" t!e %a#!ine !a6ards or t!e site sa"et+ ,ro#ed$res*0 %e%&ers o" t!e ,$&li# in#l$din #!ildren0 .!ere a,,li#a&le-

F*

-'*

Space limits

As,e#ts to &e ta3en into a##o$nt in#l$de a* &* #* d* ran e o" %o1e%ent5 s,a#e re8$ire%ents "or ,ersons to intera#t .it! t!e %a#!ine0 e- - d$rin o,eration and %aintenan#e5 !$%an intera#tion0 e- - Go,erator-%a#!ineH inter"a#e5 and G%a#!ine-,o.er s$,,l+H inter"a#e-

-'4

ime limits

As,e#ts to &e ta3en into a##o$nt in#l$de a* t!e Gli"e li%itH o" t!e %a#!iner+ andAor o" so%e o" its #o%,onents )e- - toolin 0 ,arts t!at #an .ear0 ele#tro%e#!ani#al #o%,onents*0 ta3in into a##o$nt its intended $se and reasona&l+ "oreseea&le %is$se5 and re#o%%ended ser1i#e inter1als-

&*

-'-

Other limits

E=a%,les o" ot!er li%its( a* &* #* en1iron%ental K re#o%%ended %ini%$% and %a=i%$% te%,erat$res0 .!et!er t!e %a#!ine #an &e o,erated indoors or o$tdoors0 in dr+ or .et .eat!er0 in dire#t s$nli !t0 toleran#e to d$st and .et0 et#-5 !o$se3ee,in K le1el o" #leanliness re8$ired5 ,ro,erties o" t!e %aterial)s* to &e ,ro#essed-

Ha2ard identificati%n

Follo.in t!e deter%ination o" t!e li%its o" t!e %a#!iner+ )see 2la$se 9*0 t!e essential ste, in an+ %a#!ine ris3 assess%ent is t!e s+ste%ati# identi"i#ation o" reasona&l+ "oreseea&le !a6ards0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations andAor !a6ardo$s e1ents d$rin all ,!ases o" t!e %a#!ine li"e #+#le0 i-e-( a* &* #* d* trans,ort0 asse%&l+ and installation5 #o%%issionin 5 $se5 de-#o%%issionin 0 dis%antlin and dis,osal-

It is ass$%ed t!at0 .!en ,resent on %a#!iner+0 a !a6ard .ill sooner or later lead to !ar% i" %eas$res are not ta3en to eli%inate or ,ro1ide ,rote#ti1e %eas$resOnl+ .!en !a6ards !a1e &een identi"ied #an ste,s &e ta3en to eli%inate t!e% or red$#e ris3s- To a##o%,lis! t!is !a6ard identi"i#ation0 it is ne#essar+ to identi"+ t!e o,erations to &e ,er"or%ed &+ t!e %a#!iner+ and t!e tas3s to &e ,er"or%ed &+ ,ersons .!o intera#t .it! it0 ta3in into a##o$nt t!e di""erent ,arts0 %e#!anis%s or "$n#tions o" t!e %a#!ine0 t!e %aterials to &e ,ro#essed0 i" an+0 and t!e en1iron%ent in .!i#! t!e %a#!ine #an &e $sedTas3 identi"i#ation s!o$ld #onsider all t!ose tas3s asso#iated .it! all t!e ,!ases o" t!e %a#!ine li"e #+#le listed a&o1e- Tas3 identi"i#ation s!o$ld also ta3e into a##o$nt0 &$t not &e li%ited to0 t!e "ollo.in tas3 #ate ories( settin 5 testin 5 tea#!in A,ro ra%%in 5 #!an eo1er5 $,5 start%odes "eedin o" ,ro#essAtool

all o,eration5 %a#!ine5

 re%o1al %a#!ine5 sto,,in %a#!ine5 sto,,in e%er en#+5

o"

,rod$#t t!e

"ro%

t!e

%a#!ine

in

an

 @a%5 sto,5

re#o1er+ o" o,eration "ro% re-start a"ter $ns#!ed$led )o,erator

"a$lt"indin Atro$&le-s!ootin inter1ention*5 #leanin !o$se3ee,in 5 %aintenan#e5 %aintenan#eand

,re1enti1e #orre#ti1e

All reasona&l+ "oreseea&le !a6ards0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations or !a6ardo$s e1ents asso#iated .it! t!e 1ario$s tas3s s!all t!en &e identi"ied- Anne= A i1es e=a%,les o" !a6ards0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations and !a6ardo$s e1ents to assist in t!is ,ro#ess- Se1eral %et!ods are a1aila&le "or t!e s+ste%ati# identi"i#ation o" !a6ardsIn addition0 reasona&l+ "oreseea&le !a6ards0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations or !a6ardo$s e1ents not dire#tl+ related to tas3s s!all &e identi"ied )e- - seis%i# e1ents0 li !tnin 0 e=#essi1e sno. loads0 noise0 &rea3-$, o" %a#!iner+0 !+dra$li# !ose &$rst*NOTE E=a%ination o" t!e a1aila&le desi n do#$%entation #an &e a $se"$l %eans o" identi"+in t!e %a#!iner+0 ,arti#$larl+ t!ose asso#iated .it! %o1in ele%ents )e- - %otors0 !+dra$li# #+linders*!a6ards on

0
0'1

Ris, estimati%n
General

A"ter !a6ard identi"i#ation )see 2la$se :*0 ris3 esti%ation s!all &e #arried o$t "or ea#! !a6ardo$s sit$ation &+ deter%inin t!e ele%ents o" ris3 i1en in 7-2- ?!en deter%inin t!ose ele%ents0 it is ne#essar+ to ta3e into a##o$nt t!e as,e#ts s,e#i"ied in 7-F-

0'2
0'2'1

!lements %f ris,
General

T!e ris3 asso#iated .it! a ,arti#$lar !a6ardo$s sit$ation de,ends on t!e "ollo.in ele%ents( a* &* t!e se1erit+ o" !ar%5 t!e ,ro&a&ilit+ o" o##$rren#e o" t!at !ar%0 .!i#! is a "$n#tion o" 1* 2* F* t!e e=,os$re o" ,erson)s* to t!e !a6ard0 t!e o##$rren#e o" a !a6ardo$s e1ent0 t!e te#!ni#al and !$%an ,ossi&ilities o" a1oidin or li%itin t!e !ar%-

T!e ele%ents o" ris3 are s!o.n in Fi $re 2- Additional details are i1en in 7-2-20 7-2-F and 7-F-

Fi6)re 2 !lements %f ris, 0'2'2 Se(erit. %f harm

T!e se1erit+ #an &e esti%ated &+ ta3in into a##o$nt( a* t!e se1erit+ o" in@$ries or da%a e to !ealt!0 "or e=a%,le0 &* sli !t0 serio$s0 or deat!5

t!e e=tent o" !ar%0 "or e=a%,le0 one ,erson0 se1eral ,ersonsPr%5a5ilit. %f %cc)rrence %f harm General

0'2'* 0'2'*'1

T!e ,ro&a&ilit+ o" t!e o##$rren#e o" !ar% #an &e esti%ated &+ ta3in into a##o$nt 7-2-F-2 to 7-2-F-'0'2'*'2 !8p%s)re %f pers%ns t% ha2ards

E=,os$re o" a ,erson to a !a6ard in"l$en#es t!e ,ro&a&ilit+ o" t!e o##$rren#e o" !ar%- Fa#tors to &e ta3en into a##o$nt .!en esti%atin t!e e=,os$re are0 a%on ot!ers( a* &* #* need "or a##ess to t!e !a6ard 6one )e- - "or nor%al o,eration0 #orre#tion o" %al"$n#tion0 %aintenan#e or re,air*5 nat$re o" a##ess )e- - %an$al "eedin o" %aterials*5 ti%e s,ent in t!e !a6ard 6one5

d* e*

n$%&er o" ,ersons re8$irin a##ess5 "re8$en#+ o" a##essOcc)rrence %f ha2ard%)s e(ents

0'2'*'*

T!e o##$rren#e o" a !a6ardo$s e1ent in"l$en#es t!e ,ro&a&ilit+ o" t!e o##$rren#e o" !ar%- Fa#tors to &e ta3en into a##o$nt .!en esti%atin t!e o##$rren#e o" a !a6ardo$s e1ent are0 a%on ot!ers( a* &* #* d* relia&ilit+ and ot!er statisti#al data5 a##ident !istor+5 !istor+ o" da%a e to !ealt!5 ris3 #o%,arison )see I-F*T!e o##$rren#e o" a !a6ardo$s e1ent #an &e o" te#!ni#al or !$%an ori in-

NOTE

0'2'*'4

P%ssi5ilities %f a(%idin6 %r limitin6 harm

T!e ,ossi&ilit+ o" a1oidin or li%itin !ar% in"l$en#es t!e ,ro&a&ilit+ o" t!e o##$rren#e o" !ar%- Fa#tors to &e ta3en into a##o$nt .!en esti%atin t!e ,ossi&ilit+ o" a1oidin or li%itin !ar% are0 a%on ot!ers( a* t!e di""erent ,ersons .!o #an &e e=,osed to t!e !a6ard)s*0 "or e=a%,le0 &* s3illed0 or $ns3illed5

!o. 8$i#3l+ t!e !a6ardo$s sit$ation #o$ld lead to !ar%0 "or e=a%,le0 s$ddenl+0 8$i#3l+0 or slo.l+5

#*

an+ a.areness o" ris30 "or e=a%,le0 &+ eneral in"or%ation0 in ,arti#$lar0 in"or%ation "or $se0 &+ dire#t o&ser1ation0 or t!ro$ ! .arnin si ns and indi#atin de1i#es0 in ,arti#$lar0 on t!e %a#!iner+5

d* e*

t!e !$%an a&ilit+ o" a1oidin or li%itin !ar% )e- - re"le=0 a ilit+0 ,ossi&ilit+ o" es#a,e*5 ,ra#ti#al e=,erien#e and 3no.led e0 "or e=a%,le0 o" t!e %a#!iner+0 o" si%ilar %a#!iner+0 or a&sen#e o" e=,erien#e-

0'*
0'*'1

4spects t% 5e c%nsidered d)rin6 ris, estimati%n

Pers%ns e8p%sed

Ris3 esti%ation s!all ta3e into a##o$nt all ,ersons )o,erators and ot!er ,ersons* .!o #o$ld reasona&l+ &e "oreseen as &ein e=,osed to t!e !a6ard0'*'2 .pe9 fre7)enc. and d)rati%n %f e8p%s)re

T!e esti%ation o" t!e e=,os$re to t!e !a6ard $nder #onsideration )in#l$din lon -ter% da%a e to !ealt!* re8$ires anal+sis o"0 and s!all a##o$nt "or0 all %odes o" o,eration o" t!e %a#!iner+ and %et!ods o" .or3in In ,arti#$lar0 t!e anal+sis s!all a##o$nt "or t!e needs "or a##ess d$rin settin 0 tea#!in 0 ,ro#ess #!an eo1er or #orre#tion0 #leanin 0 "a$lt-"indin and %aintenan#eT!e ris3 esti%ation s!all also ta3e into a##o$nt tas3s "or .!i#! it is ne#essar+ to s$s,end ,rote#ti1e %eas$res0'*'* Relati%nship 5et&een e8p%s)re and effects

T!e relations!i, &et.een e=,os$re to a !a6ard and its e""e#ts s!all &e ta3en into a##o$nt "or ea#! !a6ardo$s sit$ation #onsidered- T!e e""e#ts o" a##$%$lated e=,os$re and s+ner isti# e""e#ts s!all also &e #onsideredRis3 esti%ation as a res$lt o" #onsiderin t!ese e""e#ts s!all0 as "ar as ,ra#ti#a&le0 &e &ased on a,,ro,riate re#o ni6ed dataNOTE A##ident data #an &e a1aila&le to indi#ate t!e ,ro&a&ilit+ and se1erit+ o" in@$r+ asso#iated .it! t!e $se o" a ,arti#$lar t+,e o" %a#!iner+ .it! a ,arti#$lar t+,e o" ,rote#ti1e %eas$re-

0'*'4

H)man fact%rs

;$%an "a#tors #an a""e#t ris3 and s!all &e ta3en into a##o$nt in t!e ris3 esti%ation- T!is in#l$des0 "or e=a%,le0 a* &* #* d* e* intera#tion o" ,erson)s* .it! t!e %a#!iner+0 in#l$din #orre#tion o" %al"$n#tion0 intera#tion &et.een ,ersons0 stress-related as,e#ts0 er ono%i# as,e#ts0 a.areness o" ris3s &+ ,ersons in a i1en sit$ation0 de,endin on t!eir trainin 0 e=,erien#e and "ati $e as,e#ts-

a&ilit+0 "*

Trainin 0 e=,erien#e and a&ilit+ #an a""e#t t!e ris30 &$t none o" t!ese "a#tors s!all &e $sed as a s$&stit$te "or !a6ard eli%ination0 ris3 red$#tion &+ desi n or sa"e $ardin .!ere t!e a"ore%entioned ,rote#ti1e %eas$res #an &e ,ra#ti#a&l+ i%,le%entedAs,e#ts o" li%ited a&ilities )e- - d$e to disa&ilit+0 a e* s!o$ld also &e #onsidered in t!is #onte=t0'*'S)ita5ilit. %f pr%tecti(e meas)res

Ris3 esti%ation s!all ta3e into a##o$nt t!e s$ita&ilit+ o" ,rote#ti1e %eas$res and s!all a* &* identi"+ t!e #ir#$%stan#es .!i#! #an res$lt in !ar%0

.!en a,,ro,riate0 $se 8$antitati1e %et!ods to #o%,are alternati1e ,rote#ti1e %eas$res0 ,ro1ide in"or%ation allo.in t!e sele#tion o" a,,ro,riate ,rote#ti1e %eas$re-

and #*

T!ose #o%,onents and s+ste%s identi"ied as i%%ediatel+ in#reasin t!e ris3 in #ase o" "ail$re )see ISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition F-2I* need s,e#ial attention .!en esti%atin ris3?!en ,rote#ti1e %eas$res in#l$de .or3 or ani6ation0 #orre#t &e!a1io$r0 attention0 a,,li#ation o" ,ersonal ,rote#ti1e e8$i,%ent0 s3ill or trainin 0 t!e relati1el+ lo. relia&ilit+ o" s$#! %eas$res #o%,ared .it! ,ro1en te#!ni#al ,rote#ti1e %eas$res s!all &e ta3en into a##o$nt in t!e ris3 esti%ation0'*'/ P%ssi5ilit. %f defeatin6 %r circ)m(entin6 pr%tecti(e meas)res

Ris3 esti%ation s!all ta3e a##o$nt o" t!e ,ossi&ilit+ t!at ,rote#ti1e %eas$res #an &e de"eated or #ir#$%1entedT!e esti%ation s!all also ta3e a##o$nt o" t!e in#enti1e to de"eat or #ir#$%1ent ,rote#ti1e %eas$res0 "or e=a%,le0 a* &* #* .!ere t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$re slo.s do.n ,rod$#tion0 or inter"eres .it! an+ ot!er a#ti1ities or ,re"eren#es o" t!e $ser0 .!ere t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$re is di""i#$lt to $se5 .!en ,ersons ot!er t!an t!e o,erator are in1ol1ed5

d* .!en t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$re is not re#o ni6ed &+ t!e $ser or is not a##e,ted as s$ita&le "or its "$n#tionT!e ,ossi&ilit+ o" de"eatin a ,rote#ti1e %eas$re de,ends on &ot! t!e t+,e o" ,rote#ti1e %eas$re )e- ad@$sta&le $ard0 ,ro ra%%a&le tri, de1i#e* and its desi n detailsT!e $se o" ,ro ra%%a&le ele#troni# s+ste%s introd$#es an additional ,ossi&ilit+ o" de"eat or #ir#$%1ention0 i" a##ess to sa"et+-related so"t.are is not ,ro,erl+ desi ned and %onitored- Ris3 esti%ation s!all identi"+ #ases in .!i#! sa"et+-related "$n#tions are not se,arated "ro% ot!er %a#!ine "$n#tions and s!all deter%ine t!e e=tent to .!i#! a##ess is ,ossi&le- T!is is ,arti#$larl+ i%,ortant .!en re%ote a##ess "or dia nosti# or ,ro#ess #orre#tion ,$r,oses is re8$ired0'*'0 45ilit. t% maintain pr%tecti(e meas)res

Ris3 esti%ation s!all #onsider .!et!er t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$res #an &e %aintained in t!e #ondition ne#essar+ to ,ro1ide t!e re8$ired le1el o" ,rote#tionNOTE I" t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$re #annot easil+ &e %aintained in #orre#t .or3in order0 t!is #an en#o$ra e t!e de"eat or #ir#$%1ention o" t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$re in order to allo. #ontin$ed $se o" t!e %a#!iner+-

0'*'1

Inf%rmati%n f%r )se

Ris3 esti%ation s!all ta3e into a##o$nt t!e in"or%ation "or $se0 as a1aila&leNOTE :For in"or%ation "or $se0 see ISO 12100-2(200F0 2la$se

1
1'1

Ris, e(al)ati%n
General

Follo.in ris3 esti%ation )see 2la$se 7*0 ris3 e1al$ation s!all &e #arried o$t to deter%ine i" ris3 red$#tion is re8$ired- I" ris3 red$#tion is re8$ired0 t!en a,,ro,riate ,rote#ti1e %eas$res s!all &e sele#ted and a,,lied0 and t!e ,ro#ed$re re,eated )see Fi $re 1*- As ,art o" t!is iterati1e ,ro#ess0 t!e desi ner s!all #!e#3 .!et!er additional !a6ards are introd$#ed or ot!er ris3s in#reased .!en ne. ,rote#ti1e %eas$res are a,,lied- I" additional !a6ards do o##$r0 t!e+ s!all &e added to t!e list o" identi"ied !a6ards and a,,ro,riate ,rote#ti1e %eas$res .ill &e re8$ired to address t!e%-

T!e a#!ie1e%ent o" ade8$ate ris3 red$#tion )see I-2* and a "a1o$ra&le o$t#o%e o" ris3 #o%,arison )see I-F*0 a,,lied .!en ,ra#ti#a&le0 i1es #on"iden#e t!at ris3 !as &een ade8$atel+ red$#ed-

1'2
1'2'1

4chie(ement %f ade7)ate ris, red)cti%n

hree-step meth%d

T!e "ollo.in ste,s0 ta3en in t!e i1en ,riorit+ .ill si ni"+ t!at t!e %et!od a##ordin to ISO 12100-1(200F0 de"inition 9-' !as &een #arried o$ta* T!e !a6ard !as &een eli%inated or t!e ris3 red$#ed &+ desi n or &+ t!e s$&stit$tion t!ro$ ! less !a6ardo$s %aterials and s$&stan#es or &+ a,,li#ation o" er ono%i# ,rin#i,les- )T!e re8$ire%ents "or in!erentl+ sa"e desi n %eas$res are i1en in ISO 12100-2(200F0 2la$se '-* T!e ris3 !as &een red$#ed &+ t!e a,,li#ation o" sa"e $ardin and #o%,le%entar+ ,rote#ti1e %eas$res o" a t+,e t!at ade8$atel+ red$#es ris3 "or t!e intended $se and reasona&l+ "oreseea&le %is$se0 and .!i#! are a,,ro,riate "or t!e a,,li#ation- )T!e re8$ire%ents "or sa"e $ardin and #o%,le%entar+ ,rote#ti1e %eas$res are i1en in ISO 12100-2(200F0 2la$se 9-* ?!en t!e a,,li#ation o" sa"e $ardin or #o%,le%entar+ ,rote#ti1e %eas$res )see ISO 12100-2(200F0 9-9* is not ,ra#ti#a&le or does not red$#e t!e ris3 ade8$atel+0 t!e in"or%ation "or $se s!all also in#l$de noti#e o" an+ resid$al ris3- T!is in"or%ation s!all in#l$de &$t not &e li%ited to 1* o,eratin ,ro#ed$res "or t!e $se o" t!e %a#!iner+ #onsistent .it! t!e e=,e#ted a&ilit+ o" ,ersonnel .!o $se t!e %a#!iner+ or ot!er ,ersons .!o #an &e e=,osed to t!e !a6ards asso#iated .it! t!e %a#!iner+0 t!e re#o%%ended sa"e .or3in ,ra#ti#es "or t!e $se o" t!e %a#!iner+ and t!e related trainin re8$ire%ents ade8$atel+ des#ri&ed0 s$""i#ient in"or%ation0 in#l$din .arnin a&o$t resid$al ris3s "or t!e di""erent ,!ases o" t!e li"e o" t!e %a#!iner+0 and t!e des#ri,tion o" an+ re#o%%ended ,ersonal ,rote#ti1e e8$i,%ent0 in#l$din details as to t!e need "or it0 as .ell as o" t!e trainin needed "or its $sePres)mpti%ns %f ade7)ate ris, red)cti%n

&*

#*

2* F* '*

1'2'2

Ade8$ate ris3 red$#tion is a#!ie1ed .!en all o,eratin #onditions and all inter1ention ,ro#ed$res !a1e &een #onsidered0 t!e !a6ards !a1e &een eli%inated or ris3s red$#ed to t!e lo.est ,ra#ti#a&le le1el0 an+ ne. !a6ards introd$#ed &+ t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$res !a1e &een ,ro,erl+ addressed0 $sers are s$""i#ientl+ in"or%ed and .arned a&o$t t!e resid$al ris3s0 ,rote#ti1e %eas$res are #o%,ati&le .it! one anot!er0 s$""i#ient #onsideration !as &een i1en to t!e #onse8$en#es t!at #an arise "ro% t!e $se o" a %a#!ine desi ned "or ,ro"essionalAind$strial $se .!en it is $sed in a non-,ro"essionalAnon-ind$strial #onte=t0 and t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$res do not ad1ersel+ e""e#t t!e o,eratorJs .or3in #onditions or t!e $sa&ilit+ o" t!e %a#!ine-

1'*

C%mparis%n %f ris,s

As ,art o" t!e ,ro#ess o" ris3 e1al$ation0 t!e ris3s asso#iated .it! t!e %a#!iner+ or ,arts o" t!e %a#!iner+ #an &e #o%,ared .it! t!ose o" si%ilar %a#!iner+ or %a#!ine ,arts0 ,ro1ided t!e "ollo.in #riteria a,,l+( t!e si%ilar %a#!iner+ is in a##ordan#e .it! rele1ant standards5 t!e intended $se0 reasona&l+ "oreseea&le %is$se and t!e desi n and #onstr$#tion o" &ot! %a#!ines are #o%,ara&le5

t!e !a6ards and t!e ele%ents o" ris3 are #o%,ara&le5 t!e #o%,ara&le5 t!e #o%,ara&lete#!ni#al #onditions s,e#i"i#ations "or $se are are

T!e a,,li#ation o" t!is #o%,arison %et!od does not eli%inate t!e need to "ollo. t!e ris3 assess%ent ,ro#ess a##ordin to t!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 "or t!e s,e#i"i# #onditions o" $se )e- - .!en a &and sa. $sed "or #$ttin %eat is #o%,ared .it! a &and sa. $sed "or #$ttin .ood0 t!e ris3s asso#iated .it! t!e di""erent %aterial s!all &e assessed*-

D%c)mentati%n

Do#$%entation o" ris3 assess%ent s!all de%onstrate t!e ,ro#ed$re t!at !as &een "ollo.ed and t!e res$lts t!at !a1e &een a#!ie1ed- T!is do#$%entation in#l$des t!e "ollo.in 0 as a,,li#a&le( a* t!e %a#!iner+ "or .!i#! t!e assess%ent !as &een %ade )e- - s,e#i"i#ations0 li%its0 intended $se*5 &* an+ rele1ant ass$%,tions t!at !a1e &een %ade )e- - loads0 stren t!s0 sa"et+ "a#tors*5 #* d* t!e !a6ards and !a6ardo$s sit$ations identi"ied and t!e !a6ardo$s e1ents #onsidered in t!e assess%ent )see 2la$se :*5 t!e in"or%ation on .!i#! ris3 assess%ent .as &ased )see '-2*5 1* 2* e* t!e data $sed and t!e so$r#es )e- - a##ident !istories0 e=,erien#e ained "ro% ris3 red$#tion a,,lied to si%ilar %a#!iner+*5 t!e $n#ertaint+ asso#iated .it! t!e data $sed and its i%,a#t on t!e ris3 assess%ent5

t!e ris3 red$#tion o&@e#ti1es to &e a#!ie1ed &+ ,rote#ti1e %eas$res0 "or t!e sele#tion o" .!i#!0 t!e standards or ot!er s,e#i"i#ations $sed s!o$ld &e re"eren#ed0

"* t!e ,rote#ti1e %eas$res i%,le%ented to eli%inate identi"ied !a6ards or to red$#e ris35 * !* i* resid$al ris3s asso#iated .it! t!e %a#!iner+5 t!e res$lt o" t!e ris3 assess%ent )see Fi $re 1*5 an+ "or%s #o%,leted d$rin t!e ris3 assess%ent-

NOTE T!ere is no re8$ire%ent in t!is ,art o" ISO 1'121 to deli1er t!e ris3 assess%ent do#$%entation to et!er .it! t!e %a#!ine-

4nne8 4 )in"or%ati1e* !8amples %f ha2ards9 ha2ard%)s sit)ati%ns and ha2ard%)s e(ents

4'1 General
T!is anne= i1es0 in se,arate ta&les0 e=a%,les o" !a6ards )see Ta&les A-1 and A-2*0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations )see Ta&le A-F*0 and !a6ardo$s e1ents )see Ta&le A-'*0 in order to #lari"+ t!ose #on#e,ts and assist ,ersons ,er"or%in a ris3 assess%ent to identi"+ t!e% )see 2la$se :*T!e lists o" !a6ards0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations and !a6ardo$s e1ents i1en in t!is anne= are not e=!a$sti1e0 nor are t!e+ ,rioriti6ed- T!ere"ore0 t!e desi ner s!o$ld also identi"+ and do#$%ent an+ ot!er !a6ard0 !a6ardo$s sit$ation or !a6ardo$s e1ent e=istin in t!e %a#!ineTa&le A-1 also ,ro1ides #ross-re"eren#in ro$,to ISO 12100-1 andAor ISO 12100-2 "or ea#! !a6ard t+,e or

4'2 !8amples %f ha2ards

In Ta&le A-10 !a6ards !a1e &een ro$,ed a##ordin to t!eir t+,e )%e#!ani#al !a6ards0 ele#tri#al !a6ards0 and so on*- In order to o""er %ore detailed in"or%ation on t!e t+,e o" !a6ards0 t.o additional #ol$%ns !a1e &een in#l$ded0 #orres,ondin to t!e ori in o" t!e !a6ard and ,otential #onse8$en#esT!e $se o" one or %ore o" t!e #ol$%ns ,resented in Ta&le A-1 de,ends on t!e de ree o" detail needed "or des#ri&in an identi"ied !a6ard- In so%e #ases0 it is s$""i#ient to $se onl+ one o" t!e #ol$%ns ,resented in Ta&le A-10 ,arti#$larl+ .!en !a6ards are in t!e sa%e !a6ard 6one and #an &e ro$,ed to et!er in ter%s o" ,rote#ti1e %eas$res- ?!i#! o" t!e #ol$%ns is or are $sed de,ends on .!et!er t!e ori in o" t!e !a6ard or nat$re o" t!e #onse8$en#es is %ost $se"$l .!en #!oosin an a,,ro,riate ,rote#ti1e %eas$re- ;o.e1er0 all !a6ards s!o$ld &e do#$%ented0 e1en i" t!e ris3 asso#iated .it! t!e% a,,ears to !a1e &een s$""i#ientl+ red$#ed &+ a ,rote#ti1e %eas$re s$ ested "or red$#in t!e ris3 asso#iated .it! anot!er !a6ard- Ot!er.ise0 t!e $ndo#$%ented !a6ard0 t!e ris3 o" .!i#! .as s$""i#ientl+ red$#ed &+ t!e %iti ation o" anot!er !a6ard0 #o$ld &e ne le#ted?!ere0 "or des#ri&in a !a6ard0 %ore t!an one o" t!e #ol$%ns ,resented in Ta&le A-1 are $sed0 t!ese s!o$ld not &e read line &+ line- A,,ro,riate .ords s!o$ld &e sele#ted and #o%&ined to des#ri&e t!e !a6ard in t!e %ost #on1enient .a+- For e=a%,le( #r$s!in ele%ents5 #r$s!in %a#!ine5 d$e to %o1in

d$e to a la#3 o" sta&ilit+ o" t!e %a#!ine or ,art o" t!e

ele#tri#al s!o#3 or ele#tro#$tion d$e to ele#tri#al e8$i,%ent ,arts .!i#! &e#o%e li1e $nder "a$lt #onditions5 loss d$e to ,rolon ed e=,os$re to noise #a$sed &+ sta%,in o"

,er%anent !earin ,arts5

res,irator+ disease d$e to in!alation o" to=i# s$&stan#es5 %$s#$los3eletal disorder d$e to &ad ,ost$res and re,etiti1e a#ti1it+5

 &$rn d$e to #onta#t .it! %aterial at !i ! te%,erat$re5 der%atitis d$e to s3in #onta#t )der%al e=,os$re* to to=i# s$&stan#es-

a5le 4'1

$%'

a5le 4'1 )continued*

$%'

$%

<i5

Ra

a5le 4'1 )continued*

$%'

a5le 4'1 )continued*

$%'

Ha

1;

C%

a &

One ori in o" !a6ards #an !a1e se1eral ,otential #onse8$en#es-

For ea#! t+,e or ro$, o" !a6ard0 so%e ,otential #onse8$en#es #an &e related .it! se1eral ori ins o"

Ta&le A-2 is a s$&set o" Ta&le A-1 and #ontains so%e e=a%,les o" t+,i#al !a6ards- Ea#! ori in !as &een related to ,otential si ni"i#ant #onse8$en#es- T!e order o" ,otential #onse8$en#es is not asso#iated .it! an+ ,riorit+a5le 4'2
Ha2ard

a5le 4'2 )continued*

Ha2ard

4'* !8amples %f ha2ard%)s sit)ati%ns

;a6ardo$s sit$ations are t!ose #ir#$%stan#es in .!i#! a ,erson is e=,osed to at least one !a6ard- T!e e=,os$re o" a ,erson is o"ten t!e #onse8$en#e o" ,er"or%in a tas3 on t!e %a#!ineSo%e e=a%,les o" !a6ardo$s sit$ations are( a* &* #* d* e* .or3 near %o1in ,arts5 e=,os$re to e@e#tion o" ,arts5 .or3 $nderneat! a load5 .or3 near o&@e#ts or %aterials at e=tre%e te%,erat$res5 e=,os$re o" t!e .or3er to !a6ards enerated &+ noise-

In ,ra#ti#e0 !a6ardo$s sit$ations are o"ten des#ri&ed in ter%s o" tas3s or o,eration o" tas3s )%an$al loadin andAor $nloadin o" .or3-,ie#es in a ,ress0 tro$&le-s!ootin $nder 1olta e0 et#-*?!en des#ri&in a !a6ardo$s sit$ation0 it s!o$ld &e ens$red t!at t!e anal+sed sit$ation is #learl+ de"ined $sin t!e in"or%ation a1aila&le )tas3 ,er"or%ed0 !a6ard0 !a6ardo$s 6one*Ta&le A-F in#l$des a list o" tas3s .!i#! #an res$lt in a !a6ardo$s sit$ation in #ase o" e=,os$re to one or %ore o" t!e !a6ards i1en in Ta&le A-1a5le 4'*
Phases %f machine life c.cle ransp%rt

4ssem5l. and installati%n C%mmissi%nin6

a5le 4'* )continued*

Phases %f machine life c.cle Settin6 eachin6=pr%6rammin6 and=%r pr%cess chan6e%(er

Operati%n

Cleanin6 #aintenance

a5le 4'* )continued*

Phases %f machine life c.cle Fa)lt findin6= r%)5lesh%%tin6

Dec%mmissi%nin6 Dismantlin6

NOTE

T!ese tas3s #an &e a,,lied to t!e %a#!ine or ,arts o" it-

4'4 !8amples %f ha2ard%)s e(ents

Ta&le A-' i1es e=a%,les o" !a6ardo$s e1ents t!at #an o##$r in relation to %a#!iner+A !a6ardo$s e1ent #an !a1e di""erent #a$ses- For e=a%,le0 #onta#t .it! %o1in ,arts d$e to an $ne=,e#ted start-$, #an &e #a$sed &+ t!e $nintentional a#t$ation o" a #ontrol de1i#e or &+ a "a$lt in t!e #ontrol s+ste%An+ #a$se #an0 in t$rn0 &e t!e res$lt o" anot!er e1ent or #o%&ination o" e1ents )#!ain o" e1ents*a5le 4'4

Ori6in relate

S!a,e andAor s$,er"i#ial "inis!in o" a##essi&le ,arts o" t!e %a#!ine

Lo1in ,arts o" t!e %a#!ine

Mineti# ener + andAor ,otential ener + ) ra1it+* o" t!e %a#!ine0 ,arts o" t!e %a#!ine0 tools and %aterials $sed0 ,ro#essed0 !andled

Sta&ilit+ o" t!e %a#!ine andAor ,arts o" t!e %a#!ine

Le#!ani#al stren t! o" ,arts o" t!e %a#!ine0 tools et#-

Pne$%ati#0 !+dra$li# e8$i,%ent

a5le 4'4 )continued*

Ori6

Ele#tri#al e8$i,%ent

2ontrol s+ste%

Laterials and s$&stan#es or .it! ,!+si#al "a#tors )te%,erat$re0 noise0 1i&ration0 radiation and en1iron%ent*

?or3station andAor .or3 ,ro#ess desi n

+i5li%6raph.

C1D

ISOATR 1'121-2

0 Safety of machinery Risk assessment Part 2: Practical guidance and examples of methods

1*

1*

7nder ,re,aration-

ISO 14121-

ICS 1*'11;
Pri#e &ased on 2I ,a es

ISO 2007 All ri !ts reser1ed