DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR OVER HEAD WATER TANK

pkn
Name of work :1 Tank size
L=
6.00
2 Height of tower from G.L. =
6.00
17.00
3 Saturated soil unit wt
1.00
4 Wind pressure
=
5 Size of columns
= 0.30 x
6 Permissible stress:20
7 Conrete
M
scc
5

scbc

Steel

fy

ssc

7
415
190

9 Nominal Cover
30
10 Wall Thickness
220
11 Reinforcement
(A) For Water Tank
Long wall
In side near corner Horizontal 20
in side middle horizontal
Out side middle horizontal
Short wall
In side near corner Horizontal
Out side middle horizontal
Distribution
Slab
Short span
Long span
(B ) For Ring Beam
Bottom main 1st tier
Bottom main 2nd tier
Top main
distribution 2 ldge strirrups
(C) For columns
Main vertical
Leteral distribution
( D ) For Braces
Main
Distribution
(E) For Bottom Beam
Main
Distribution
(F) For Raft foundation
Main
Distribution

x
B=
4.00
x
H=
m
Foundation from G.L.
N/m3
kN/m3
2
kN/m
Nomber of colums
0.30 m
Height of Braces

N/mm
N/mm2
N/mm2
mm
mm

3.00

1.00
4.00
3.00

concrete unit wt.

m
Q

24
13.33
0.669

0.903
150

(Columns)

ssc

Water unit wt
Bottom Slab thickness

9.80
300

m
m

72000

Itr

24000

N/m3

No.
m
kN/m3

N/mm2
kN/m

mm

mm F bars

150

20
20

mm F bars
mm F bars

150
300

mm c/c
1.00
m height
above the base, near corners.
mm c/c
upto top
mm c/c
upto top

20
20
10

mm F bars
mm F bars
mm F bars

150
300
230

mm c/c
mm c/c,
mm c/c

mm F bars
mm F bars

mm c/c
mm c/c,

mm F bars
mm F bars
mm F bars
mm F bars
mm F bars

Nos.
Nos.
Nos.
mm c/c
mm c/c

mm F bars

mm c/c

mm F bars
mm F bars

mm c/c
mm c/c

(water tank)

upto top
upto top
vertical

Both top and bottom

0.30

12 Base

mm f bars

#REF!

mm c/c in both direction

C
20

mm f

20 mm f

150 mm c/c

150 mm c/c

4.00

220
20 mm f

300 mm c/c

mm
20 mm f

20 mm f
20 mm f

150 mm c/c
300 mm c/c

20 mm f
10 mm f

300 mm c/c (d)

230 mm c/c both side

20 mm f

20 mm f
10 mm f

300 mmc/c

300 mmc/c

230 mmc/c

150 mm c/c(d+e)

10 mm f

20 mm f

10 mm f

150 mmc/c

300 mmc/c

150 mmc/c

B
20 mm f #### mmc/c

Bars(c)
300
Section plan at depth of H/4 or 1 mt.

Section on CD

D
6.00

220
mm

20 mm f
10 mm f

600 mm c/c
230 mm c/c

10 mm f
20 mm f

230 mm c/c
300 mm c/c
8 mm f #### mm c/c both way

Bar(a)

20

mm f

300 mm c/c

Bar(b)

20

mm f

300 mm c/c

Bar(c)

20

mm f

300 mm c/c

Bar(d)

20

mm f

300 mm c/c

Bar(e)

10

mm f

230 mm c/c

3.00

300

Bar F
Section on AB

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

DESIGN OF REACTANGULAR OVER HEAD WATER TANK

1
2
3
4
5
6

Name of work:pkn
Tank size
Height of tower from G.L.
Satureted soil unit wt.
Wind pressure
Size of columns
Permissible stress:Concrete
M
scc
scbc
Steel (HYSD)
fy
ssc
Nominal cover

6.00
6.00
17.00
1.00
0.30
20
5
7
415
190
30

1 Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars

scbc
sst =

150

k =
j =
R =

x
4.00 x
3.00
m
72.00 cum
m
Foundation from G.L. 1.00 m
3
kN/m3
17000 N/m
Noumber of columns = 4.00
x 0.30 height of braces
= 3.00 m
Unit wt of cocnrete
m
N/mm2
Q
N/mm2
J
N/mm2 (Columns)
ssc
mm
unit wt. of water
Cocrete M =
2
7 N/mm

20

= ####
= 13.3
= 0.67
=
0.9
= 150
= 9.80
=
wt. of concrete =

72000 Ltr

N/m3

N/mm2
N/mm3

2
24000 N/mm

m = 13.3

sst =

190

0.384
0.872

k=
j=

0.329
0.890

k=
j =

0.289
0.904

1.171

R=

1.026

R =

0.913

N/mm

(For Tank)
3
9800 N/m

sst =

N/mm2

2
230 N/mm

2 Design of vertical wall

(A) Determination of B.M. for horizontal bending :-6.00 / 4.00 =
1.50 <
2
L/B
=
Hence Both long and short walls will bend horizontally for upper portion, upto poin D, where horizontal water
pressure is p=w(H-h).
Here h = H/4 or 1 m which ever is greater
h = 1.00 m
\
Thus top 2.00 m height of walls will be bend horizontally while the bottom 1.00 m will bend as
vertical cantilever . The bending moments for horizontal bending may be determined by moment
distribution by considering tank as continuos frame of unit height at level of D.
Water pressure p at point D is given by =p= w (H - h ) =
9800 (
3.00 1.00 )=
19600
N-m
P
x 6.00 2'=
PL2
The Fixed end moments for long wall
=
=
3.00 P N-m
12
12
2
P
x 4.00 2'=
Fixed end moments for short wall
= PB
=
1.33 P N-m
12
12
Refer fig 1. Consider quarter frame FAE with joint A rigid. Taking clock wise moment as positive and anticlock
wise moment as negative, the fixed end moment MAF for long wall will be
+
3.00 P while the fixed end
end moments M AF for short wall will be
- 1.33 P Considreing Area A and moment of inertia l for
both the walls to be the same, the stiffness of walls will be inversely proportional to these length.
Thus we have following table.
Member
Relative stiffness
Sum
Distribution factor
Stiffness
1
2
1
AE
x 6.00 =
2
=
0.4
3
5
3
5
1
3
1
AF
x 6.00 =
3
=
0.6
2
5
2
The moment distribution is carried out in the following table.
Joint
A
Member
AE
Distribution facvtor
0.4
Fixed end moments

3.00

AF
0.6
1.33 p

Balancing moments

0.667

Final moments

2.33

2.33 p

2.33 x 19600 = 45733 N-m/m

This support moment will cause tension at the water force.
p L2
#### x
6.00 2
B.M. at the center long span =
Mf
"=
45733
=
42467 N-m/m
8
8
This bending moment cause tension at outer face.
p B2
#### x
4.00 2
B.M. at the center short span =
Mf
"=
45733
=
-6533 N-m/m
8
8
=
42467 N-m/m
This will cause tension at the water face. \ Max. design B.M.
Hence moment at supports, Mf=

(B) Design of section :-

Considring bending effect alone,

Required depth
Provide total depth T=

190

42467 x
1.171 x
30 =

1000
=
1000
220 mm

190

mm

190 mm

so that available d =

(C) Determination pull :Direct tension on Long wall = PL = P x B/2 =

19600

4.00 /

Direct tension on short wall = PL = P x B/2 =

19600

6.00 /

39200
58800

N
N

(D) Cantilever Moment :-

Cantilever moment atb the base, per unit length .

h2
9800 x
4.00 x
1.00 2
= wH x
=
6533 N-m
6
6
This will cause tension at water face.
(E) Reinforcement at corners of long walls.:The upper portion of long walls is subjected to both bending in
horizontal direction as well as pull. The reinforcement for both will be in horizontal direction. Hence
reinforcement has to be provided for a net moment (MF - Px ), where Mf is the moment at ends (causing
tension on water face). Similarly vertical section of unit height ( 1 m) of long wall, at its end, at the level of
1.00 m above the base , where reinforcement is provided at the water face.
T
220
x= d=
190
=
80 mm
2
2
Mf - Pl x
45733 x
1000 ) - #### x
80
Ast for B.M. =
=
= 1714 mm2
150 x
0.872 x
190
sst.j.d
PL
39200
Ast for pull =
=
=
261
mm2
ss
150
Total Ast
1975 mm2 per meter height.
=
1714 +
261 =
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 20 x 20
=
= 314 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 314
/ 1975 =
159
say
= 150 mm
mm F bar, @
Hence Provided
20
150 mm c/c. The above reinforcement is to be provided at
inner face, near the corners, and at a height
1.00 m above the base. For other height the above spacing
may be varied, since bending moment will reduce.
using 20

mm bars

(F) Reinfocement at the middle of long wall. :Tension occurs at outer face. However, since distance of corner of steel from
water face will be less than
225 mm, permissible stress will be
150 N/mm2 only. Design constants
0.384
j = 0.872
R = 1.171
will be
k=
Also
P
42467
39200
N
Design B.M. =
N-m per meter height.
=
L
M - Pl x
42467 x
1000 ) - #### x
80
Ast for B.M. =
=
= 1582 mm2
150 x
0.872 x
190
sst.j.d

39200
=
261
mm2
150
Total Ast
1843 mm2 per meter height.
=
1582 +
261 =
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars
A
=
=
= 314 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 314
/ 1843 =
170
say
= 170 mm
This is very near to the reinforcement provided at ends.Hence provided
20 mm f bars 150 mm
c/c. Bend half the bars provided at ends, outwards.at distance L/4 =
1.50 m form ends.
This reinforcement is to be provided at outer face. The additional 20
mm f bars provided @
300 mm c/c.
are continued upto the end.
Ast for pull

(G) Reinforcement for shorts walls.:B.M. at ends=Mf =

Ast for B.M. =

M - PB x

sst.j.d
Ast for pull

=
=

PL

ss

Direct pull pu =
45733 N-m
58800
45733 x
1000 ) - #### x
80
= 1651
150 x
0.872 x
190
PL
58800
=
=
392
mm2
ss
150

N
mm2

2043 mm2 per meter height.

392 =
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x 20 x 20
using 20 mm bars
A
=
=
= 314 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 314
/ 2043 =
154
say
= 150 mm
Hence provide
mm f bars @
20
150 mm c/c at inner face near the ends of short span.
The B.M. at the center of short walls cause tension at water face (unlikethat in the center of long walls where
tension is produced at outer face ).since this B.M. is small, only nominal reinforcement is required. Similarlly,
we have to provide nominal reinforcement at outer face,. Hence bend half bars outward at distance B/4= 1.00
m from each end, and continue remaning half tjrought. Thus at the center of span, the reinforcement on each
mm f bars @
face will consist of
20
300 mm c/c.
Total Ast

1651 +

(H) Reinforcement for cantilever moment and distribution reinforcement.:max. cantilever moment=
6533 N-m
6533
1000
x
Ast =
=
263
mm2
150
x 0.872 x 190
0.3
But minimum reinforcementin vertical direction
=
x( 220 x 1000 )= 660
mm2
100
Since half of this area of steel can reist cantilever momnt, we will provide
= 330 mm2 steel area vertically
2
on the inner face and remaining area i.e.=
330 mm vertically at outer face to serve as distribution
330 mm2.
reinforcment. \ Area of steel on each face =
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
using 10 mm bars
A
=
=
= 78.5 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 330 =
238
say
= 230 mm
mm
F
bar,
@
Hence Provided
10
230 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall
2 Design of Horizontal slabe :(A) Loading and B.M. :Ratio of l/b

6.00 /

4.00 =

1.50 <

Two way slab

=
300 mm
Load due to self weight of Slab =
1
x
1.00 x 0.30 x #### = 7200 N/m
Load due to water =
1
x
1.00 x 3.00 x 9800 = 29400 N/m
Super imposed live load =
1
x
1
x 2000
= 2000 N/m
\
Total load per meter run
= 38600 N/m
Taking effective depth
= 300
30
=
270 mm we have
Ly =
6.00 +
0.30 =
6.30 m and lx = 4.00 + 0.30 = 4.30 m
\
r
= ly / lx =
6.30 / 4.30 = 1.47
This is case 9 of table 10.6, from which a x =
0.089 and ay = 0.056 (see table)
Let the thickness of slab (for purpose of calculating the self weight)

Mx =

ax.wlx2

0.089

x 38600 x

My =

ay.wlx

0.06

x 38600 x

(B) Design of section

for short span :-

taking

2
4.30 =
2
4.30 =

63521

63521000

N-mm

39968

39968000

N-mm

63521
N-mm
1.0 m width for calculation purpose.an B.M. =
Assuming bearing =
300 mm
63521000
BM
Effective depth required
=
=
= 270
mm
0.913 x 1000
Rxb
From point of stiffness (deflection)point of veiw, span / effective depth Ratio = 20
k. scbc
0.289 x
7
For a balanced design,
=
x 100 =
x 100 = 0.44 %
percentage reinforcement
2sst
2
x 230
However using under reinforcement section, and taking p
=
0.4 %
We have from modification factore =
1.4
for HYSD bars
span
4300
span
=
20
x
1.4
hence, d =
= 154
mm
28 = 28
depth
Hence provided total thickness = 300 mm using 8 mm F bars and a nomonal cover
30
mm
Available depth for short span
266
4
=
=
300 30
mm
for long span
= 266 8
= 258 mm
for short sapn, width of middle strip
= 3/4 ly =
3
/
4
x 6.30 = 4.73 m
width of edge strip
4.73 )
= 0.500 x( 6.30 = 0.79 or 788 mm
BM
63521000
2
(Ast)x =
=
=
1149
mm
sst x j x D
230 x
0.90 x 266
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x 16 x 16
using
16 mm bars
A
=
=
= 201 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x 201 /
1149 = 174.9
say = 175 mm
Hence Provided 16 mm F bar, 170 mm c/c for middile strips of width 4.73 m
bent half bars at distance = 0.15 l =
0.15 x
4.30 =
0.65 or 640 mm
from the center of support, or at a distance of
640 +
150 = 790 mm from the edge of the slab
Available length of bars at the top
= 460 mm from the center of support,
640 150
30
assumming bending of the bars at 45 dgree the length is
0.1 x 4300 = 430 mm
> than 0.1xlx =
Hence length of top bars from edge of slab
460 + 150 = 610 mm edge strip length
788 mm
2
The reinforcement of edge strip is given Ast @.12% = 0.12 /
100 x 1000 x 300 = 360 mm
2
3.14xdia
3.14 x
8
x 8
using
8
mm bars
A
=
=
= 50
mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x
50 /
360 = 139.6
say = 130 mm
Hence Provided 8 mm F bar, 130 mm c/c

(C) Design section for long

Assuming Beam width

=
300 mm
39968000
(Ast)x =
=
=
745
mm2
230 x
0.90 x 258
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using
12 mm bars
A
=
=
= 113 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x 113 /
745 =
152
say = 152 mm
Hence Provided 12 mm F bar, 150 mm c/c for middile strips of width 3.23 m
for the edge strip of widtg
4.30 /
8 =
0.54 m provide # mm f bars @
300 mm
bent half bars at distance = 0.15 l =
0.15 x
6.30 =
0.95 or 940 mm
from the center of support, or at a distance of
940 +
150 = 1090 mm from the edge of the slab
Available length of bars at the top
150
30 =
760 mm from the center of support,
940 assumming bending of the bars at 45 dgree the length is
0.1 x 6300 = 630 mm
> than 0.1xlx =
Hence length of top bars from edge of slab
760 + 150 = 910 mm edge of slab
BM
sst x j x D

(D) Check for shear and development length in short span

S.F. at long edge = wlx r/2+r = 38600 x
4.30 x 1.47 /( 2.00 + 1.47 )= 70314.2939
2
\ nominal shear stress at long edges
=
70314
/(
1000 x 266 )= 0.264 N/mm
At the long edges, the diameter of bars should be so restricted that the following requirement is satisfied ;

1.3 xM1
1000 x 113
L0
+
>
Ld
Ast at supports =
= 870
130
V
Let us check development length at the ends of supports
M1 = sst .Ast. Jc d
where MB
48080531
70314
= 869.54 x
230
x 0.904 x 266 =
v =
Lx
300
Lo =
-x
=(
30
)= 120
mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
48080531
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 120 = 1009 mm
70314
V
12
870
f s st
x
Devlopment length Ld =
=
= 2038 mm
4 tbd
4
x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld
= 58.3F =
58
x
12 =
700 mm

mm2

M1
L0
Ld
+
>
V
Hence Code requirement are satisfied
= 1009 > 700
Note . The code requires that the positive reinforcement should extention to support at least by Ld/3
Ld/3+x'=
hence minimum support width =
700
/
3
+
30 = 264
mm < 300 mm
Thus

1.3x

(E) Check for shear and development length in long span

S.F. at long edge = 1/3wlx =
0.33 x
#### x 4.30 =
55327
2
\ nominal shear stress at long edges
=
55327
/(
1000 x 258 )= 0.214 N/mm
At the long edges, the diameter of bars should be so restricted that the following requirement is satisfied ;
1.3 xM1
1000 x 113
L0
+
>
Ld
Ast at supports =
= 870 mm2
130
V
Let us check development length at the ends of supports
M1 = sst .Ast. Jc d
where MB
46634500
55327 N
= 869.54 x
230
x 0.904 x 258 =
v =
Lx
300
Lo =
-x
=(
30
)= 120
mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
46634500
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 120 = 1216 mm
55327
V
12
870
f s st
x
Devlopment length Ld =
=
= 2038 mm
4 tbd
4
x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld
= 58.3F =
58
x
12 =
700 mm
Thus

=
=

M1
V
1216 >
1.3x

(F) Torsional reinforcement at corners

Size of torsional mesh =lx /5 =
4.30
/
Area of torsional reinforcement =3/4 (Ast)x =

+
700

L0

>

Ld

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

m from slab edge

5
= 0.86 + 0.15 = 1.01
862 mm2
3
/
4
x 1149 =
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
using
10 mm bars
A
=
=
= 78.5 mm2
4 x100
4
x 100
Pitch s = =
1000 x As / A
=
1000 x
79 /
862 = 91.1
say = 92 mm
Hence Provided 10 mm F bar, 90 mm c/c
However it is prferable to use the same spacing as provided for main reinfrcement in
the short span, main reinforcement in the middle strip has been provided @
170 mm c/c
while for edge strip it is provided @
130 mm c/c
mm f bars @
Hence provide
10
170 mm c/c in the short span direction.
In long span, main reinforcement is @ 150 mm c/c
mm f bars @
Hence provide
10
150 mm c/c in the long span direction.

For Long span

3 Design of ring Beam :(A) Bending moment and shear force:Effective span of beam
= 6.00 + 0.30 = 6.30 m
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.60 m for computation of dead weight Increase depth of beam
Let width of Beam = 0.30 m
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.60 x
0.30 x
1
x #### = 4320 N/m
load from water tank =
38600 N/m
\ Total load per meter run = 4320 + #### = 42920 N/m
WL2
42920 x 6.30 x 6.30
M=
=
=
213000
N-m
8
8
3
6
= 213 x
or 213 x 10 N-mm
10 N-m
wl
42920 x
6.00
F=
=
=
128760
N
2
2
(B) Moment of resistance M 1 and reinforcement A st1
Let us assume that center of tensile reinforcemet will be at =
30 +
50 =
550 mm
d
= 600
\
nc = k c d
= 0.289 x 550 =
159 mm
For singly reinforcement balance section, M1 = Rcbd2 =
0.913 x
300 x
82850420
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast1
=
=
230 x 0.904 x
550

20

50

550

82850420

725

mm

mm above

N/mm

(C ) Moment of resistance M 2 and reinforcement A st2

130149580 N/mm
213000000
82850420
=
M2=M-M1 =
This remaining B.M. gas to be resisted by a couple providedby tensile and copressive rinforcements.
30
+
20 =
Let the center of compressive reinforcement be placed at
50 mm
130149580
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast2
=
= 1132 mm2
230 x
550 50
2
Total Ast
= 725 + 1132 = 1856 mm
(D) Compressive reinforcement
\ Asc

Asc

m (d - nc)
(mc-1)(nc-dc)
13.3
1.5

x(
x(

Ast2

13.33

where nc
550
-

= 0.289 x
)x(

159
159

)
-

550

50

159

x 1132 =

2934

mm2

(E) Reinforcing bars

1856 mm2
= 3.14xdia2
using 16
A
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
1856 / 201 =
Hence Provided 7 bars of
16 mm F bar, placed at bottom and
Ast =
mm bars

3.14 x 16
4
x
9.24
say
3

x 16
= 201
100
= 10 No.

mm2

nos. rest bar placed at top tier,

30 mm

keeping a clear distance of 25 mm between the two tier , keep a nominal cover ,

Use 25mm f spacer bars at 1 m c/c

2934 mm2
= 3.14xdia2
using 20
A
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
2934 / 314 =
Hence Provided 10 bars of
20 mm F bar, at top , in one tier,
Ast =
mm bars

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

3.14 x 20
4
x
9.34
say

x 20
= 314
100
= 10 No.

keep a nominal cover ,

30

mm2

mm

(F) Curtailement of reinforcement

The bending at any point distance x meters from the center of the span is given by
2
2
2
where the moment M1
M1 = wL wx
x1000 =
M1
- wx
x 1000
8
2
2
and M are in N-mm unit
At the point where compressive reinfrocement is not required, the bending moment should be equal to M1
\

M1

wx2
2

1000

2M2
2 x 130149580
=
= 2.50
m
42920
1000w
1000 x
Hence at x =
2.50 m from the center, copmressive reinforcement is no longer required and
it may, there fore , curtailed. However, curtail only
5 bars and continue 5 bars upto supports
At this section bending moment M1 on;y. Hence tensile reinforcement required =Ast1
= 725 mm2
\

which will need only

2(M1 -M)
1000w

bars .

Hence curtailed

bars of 2nd tier at this point and continue rest of the

bars at supports.
(G) Shear reinforcement
Near the support, where the S.F. is maximum, the section is singly reinfoced
(since the two compressive reinforcing bars serve as holding bars of the strirrups)
Available effective depth
30
=
600
8 =
562 mm
128760
V
tv
=
=
= 0.76 N / mm2
300 x 562
bd
Available Ast
=
7
x
201
= 1340 mm2
100
100Ast
=
x 1340 = 0.79 %
\
bd
300 x
562
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)= 0.79 % steel = 0.35 N/mm2
< 0.76
N/mm2
which is < than the nominal shear stress hence shear reinforcement is
Required
Vc
= Tc.b.d =
0.35 x 300 x 562 = ####
N
128760 - ####
Vs
= V -Vc =
= ####
N
using
\

Sv

10

mm 2 leg strirrup Asv

ssv x Asv x d
Vs

3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10 x 10
= 2 x
= 157.0 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
230 x 562.0 x 157.0
=
= 291 mm say
290 mm
69750
=

pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

However, minimum shear reinforcement is governed by expression

2.175 x Asv x fy
= 2.175 x 157.0 x 415 = 472 mm
Sv
=
b
300
Subject to maximum of 0.75d or b which ever is less.=
0.75 x 562 = 422 > 300
strirrups @ 290 mm c/c
Hence provide the 10 mm

min. 300

(H) Check for devlopment length :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V
M1
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress to sst
=

230

1340 x 0.904
1000000
N
and L0

562

= 156.5 x

10 6

N-mm

128760
=
= Sum of anchore value of hooks
Let us provide a support equal to width of wall - cover, i.e. 300 30 = 270 mm
Let the clear side cover x' =
30 mm . For a angle 90 0 bend having anchorege value of 8F,
ls
270
we have, L0 =(
x'
)
=(
30
)
= 105 mm
2
2
V

1.3 xM1
V

L0

Devlopment length

f s st

4 tbd

x
=

= 45 F

Alternatively, Ld
Thus

1.3

=
=

=
M1
1.3x
V
1685 >

156.5 x 10 6
128760
16
x

105
230.0

x(

1.6

45

16

L0

>

Ld

720

= 1685 mm

0.8

= 719

mm

720 mm

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

4 Design of Ring beam

For short span
(A) Bending moment and shear force:Effective span of beam
= 4.00 + 0.30 = 4.30 m
Assume Total depth of Beam = 0.60 m for computation of dead weight
O.K.
Let width of Beam = 0.30 m
self Load of Beam per meter run = 0.60 x
0.30 x
1
x #### = 4320 N/m
load from water tank =
38600 N/m
\ Total load per meter run = 4320 + #### = 42920 N/m
WL2
42920 x 4.30 x 4.30
M=
=
=
99200
N-m
8
8
3
6
= 100 x
or 100 x 10 N-mm
10 N-m
wl
42920 x
4.00
F=
=
=
85840
N
2
2
(B) Moment of resistance M 1 and reinforcement A st1
Let us assume that center of tensile reinforcemet will be at =
30 +
50 =
550 mm
d
= 600
\
nc = k c d
= 0.289 x 550 =
159 mm
For singly reinforcement balance section, M1 = Rcbd2 =
0.913 x
300 x
82850420
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast1
=
=
230 x 0.904 x
550

20

50

550

82850420

mm above

N/mm

mm2

725

(C ) Moment of resistance M 2 and reinforcement A st2

16349580 N/mm
99200000
82850420
=
M2=M-M1 =
This remaining B.M. gas to be resisted by a couple providedby tensile and copressive rinforcements.
30
+
20 =
Let the center of compressive reinforcement be placed at
50 mm
16349580
Area of tensile reinfocement is given by Ast2
=
=
142 mm2
230 x
550 50
2
Total Ast
= 725 +
142 = 867 mm
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

(D) Compressive reinforcement

\ Ast

Asc

m (d - nc)
(mc-1)(nc-dc)
13.3
1.5

x(
x(

Ast2

13.33

where nc
550
-

= 0.289 x
x(

159
159

)
-

550

50

159

142

369

mm2

(E) Reinforcing bars

mm2
= 3.14xdia2
using 16
A
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
867 / 201 =
Hence Provided 3 bars of
16 mm F bar, placed at bottom and
Ast =
mm bars

867

3.14 x 16
4
x
4.31
say
2

x 16
= 201
100
=
5 No.

mm2

nos. rest bar placed at top tier,

mm f bars mm
@

keeping a clear distance of 25 mm between the two tier , keep a nominal cover ,

Use 25mm f spacer bars at 1 m c/c

mm2
= 3.14xdia2
using 20
A
=
4 x100
Nomber of Bars = Ast/A =
369 / 314 =
mm
F
bar,
at
top
, in one tier,
Hence Provided 2 bars of
20
Ast =
mm bars

369

3.14 x 20
4
x
1.18
say

x 20
= 314
100
=
2 No.

keep a nominal cover ,

30

mm2

mm

(F) Curtailement of reinforcement

The bending at any point distance x meters from the center of the span is given by
2
2
where the moment M1
wx2
M1 = wL
x1000 =
M1
- wx
x 1000
8
2
2
and M are in N-mm unit
At the point where compressive reinfrocement is not required, the bending moment should be equal to M1
\

M1

wx2
2

1000

2M2
2 x 16349580
=
= 0.90
m
42920
1000w
1000 x
Hence at x =
0.90 m from the center, copmressive reinforcement is no longer required and
it may, there fore , curtailed. However, curtail only
1 bars and continue 1 bars upto supports
At this section bending moment M1 on;y. Hence tensile reinforcement required =Ast1
= 725 mm2
\

which will need only

2(M1 -M)
1000w

bars .

Hence curtailed

bars of 2nd tier at this point and continue rest of the

bars at supports.
(G) Shear reinforcement
Near the support, where the S.F. is maximum, the section is singly reinfoced
(since the two compressive reinforcing bars serve as holding bars of the strirrups)
Available effective depth
30
=
600
8 =
562 mm
85840
V
tv
=
=
= 0.51 N / mm2
300 x 562
bd
Available Ast
=
3
x
201
= 670 mm2
100
100Ast
=
x 670 = 0.40 %
\
bd
300 x
562
Hence from Table permissible shear (tc)= 0.40 % steel = 0.26 N/mm2
< 0.51
N/mm2
which is < than the nominal shear stress hence shear reinforcement is
Required
Vc
= Tc.b.d =
0.26 x 300 x 562 = ####
N
85840 - ####
Vs
= V -Vc =
= ####
N
2
3.14xdia
3.14
x
8
x
8
using
8 mm 2 leg strirrup Asv
=
= 2 x
= 100.5 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
ssv x Asv x d
230 x 562.0 x 100.5
=
=
= 309 mm say
300 mm
\
Sv
Vs
42004
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in

However, minimum shear reinforcement is governed by expression

2.175 x Asv x fy
= 2.175 x 100.5 x 415 = 302 mm
Sv
=
b
300
Subject to maximum of 0.75d or b which ever is less.=
0.75 x 562 = 422 > 300
strirrups @ 300 mm c/c
Hence provide the 8 mm

min. 300

(H) Check for devlopment length :The code stipulates that at the simple supports, where reinforcement is confined
1.3xM1
by a compressive reaction, the diameter of the reinforcement be such that
+ L0 > Ld
V
= moment of resistance of section, assuming all reinforcement stress to sst
M1
230
x
670
x 0.904 x 562
=
= 78.26 x 10 6 N-mm

= 78.26 x 10 6 N-mm
1000000
85840
V
=
N
and L0
= Sum of anchore value of hooks
Let us provide a support equal to width of wall - cover, i.e. 300 30 = 270 mm
0
Let the clear side cover x' =
30 mm . For a angle 90 bend having anchorege value of 8F,
ls
270
we have, L0 =(
x'
)
=(
30
)
= 105 mm
2
2
1.3 xM1
78.26 x 10 6
L0
+
=
1.3
x
+ 105 = 1290 mm
85840
V
16
230.0
f s st
x
Devlopment length =
=
= 719
mm
4 tbd
4
x( 1.6 x 0.8 )
Alternatively, Ld
= 45 F
=
45
x
16 =
720 mm
=

Thus

=
=

M1
V
1290 >
1.3x

3 Design of tower:(A) Loading and moments:Wind load on tank

6.00

(B) Load on coloumns:Asumption

Tank wall Thickness
Size of column
Dead weight of tank
2
2

+
720

L0

>

Ld

Hence Code requirement are satisfied

Refer to fig.1
3.00 x 1.00

= 18.00 kN

=
=
x
x

0.30
0.30
6.00
4.00

m
x
x
x

0.30 m
3.00 x
3.00 x

0.3
0.3

x
x
x
x

9.80
0.30
0.30
0.30

x
x
x

0.30
0.30
0.30

x
x
x

6.00
6.00
6.00

Dead load per column =

1243 /
4
Shear force in each column due to wind
= 18.00 /
4
Bending moment in column
=
4.5 x 1.5
If v = direct laod due to wind, taking moment about B, we have
2 v
x
6.00 +
6.75 x
4.00
\
v
=(
135 27 )/ 12
(C ) Design of column section
Size of column
300 x
300
Axial load = p =
311 + 9.00
Bending moment =M =
6.75
6.75 x 1000
Eccentricity e
=
320 x 1000
The load and eccentricity is small try
0.8
Ast
=
x 300 x 300
0.8
100
16
mm
f
bars
Provide
Nos of bars = 720
2
Atcual Ast provided =
804 mm
300
x
300 )+(
Ac
=(
1.5 x 13.3
300
x
300 3+
1.5 x 13.3
le
=
12
4
8
=
835759800 mm
or 8.358 x 10'
(D) Stress in concrete
320 x 1000
compressive stress =
106075.98

=
=
=

Weight of water
Self weight of columns
Self weight of Braces`

72.00
4
2
2

=
=

x 24
x 24
Sub Total

=
=
=
=
x 24
=
x 24
=
x 24
=
Total dead load=

260
173
433
706
52
26
26
1243

kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN
kN

h =

100

311 kN
4.5 kN
6.75 kN.m
18.00 x
7.5
9.00 kN

mm
= 320 kN
kN-m
x
1000 =

22

mm

% steel of concrete section

= 720
mm2

201 =

x
x

804 )'= ####

804 x
100

mm4
=

Nos.
mm2
2

Using cover 50 mm
3.02

N/mm2

6.75 x

Bending stress =
\

s'cc
scc

s'cb
scb

<

1000 x
1000 x
835759800
3.02
5

1.21

150

0.78 <

1.21
1

N/mm2

O.K.

(E) Lateral reinforcement:Diameter of tie

=
16 / 4
=
4 mm
mm F bars for tie
Use
=
5
Picth shall be at least of
(a) Least lateral diamention of columns
= 300 mm
(b) 16 time of longitudinal bars
16
x
16
= 256 mm
48 time of lateral reinforcement
48
x
5
= 240 mm
Using
5 mm tie @
240 mm c/c
(F) Design of braces
Moment in brace
=
= 13.5 kN-m
2
x 4.5 x 1.5
Moment in brace
13.5
Shear force in brace =
=
= 6.75 kN
half length of brace
2
Size of braces asume '=
300 x 300 mm
cover =
30
M
13.50 x 1000 x
1000
Ast
=
=
= 291
mm2
sst.j.d
190 x 0.9
x
270
But minimum area of steel is given by
0.85 bd
0.85 x 300 x
270
Ast
=
=
= 166
mm2
fy
415
12
3 Nos.
mm f bars Nos of bars = 291 /
Provide
113 =
Atcual Ast provided =
339 mm2
Both at top and bottom with cover mm
% of steel provided
339 x 100 / 300 x 270 = 0.42 %
V
6.75 x 1000
Nominal shear stress tv=
= 0.083 N/mm2
bd
300 x
270
2
From table
Tc =
0.27 N/mm
0.083 < 0.27
Nominal shear reinforcement are provided
use
6 mm
2 legged strirrups , the spacing is given by,
Asv x fy
2
x 28.3 x
415
sy
=
=
=
190
mm < 203
0.4 x b
0.40 x 300
6
mm
Legged F bars @
Provide
2
190 mm c/c

4 shown in drawing.

30

VALUES OF DESIGN CONSTANTS

Grade of concrete
Modular Ratio

M-15
18.67

M-20
13.33

M-25
10.98

M-30
9.33

M-35
8.11

M-40
7.18

scbc N/mm2
m scbc

8.5

10

11.5

13

(a) sst =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

93.33

kc

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

0.4

jc

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

0.867

Rc

0.867

1.214

1.474

1.734

1.994

2.254

Pc (%)

0.714

1.214

1.429

1.643

1.857

kc

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.329

0.89

0.89

0.89

0.89

Rc

0.89
0.732

0.89
1.025

1.244

1.464

1.684

1.903

Pc (%)

0.433

0.606

0.736

0.866

0.997

1.127

kc

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

0.289

jc

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

0.904

(b) sst =
190
N/mm2
(c ) sst =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) sst =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)

jc

Rc

0.653

0.914

1.11

1.306

1.502

1.698

Pc (%)

0.314

0.44

0.534

0.628

0.722

0.816

kc

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

0.253

jc

0.916

0.916

0.916

0.914

0.916

0.916

Rc

0.579

0.811

0.985

1.159

1.332

1.506

Pc (%)

0.23

0.322

0.391

0.46

0.53

0.599

Permissible shear stress Table tv in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

100As
bd
< 0.15
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
2.25
2.50
2.75
3.00 and above

Permissible shear stress in concrete

M-15
M-20
M-25
M-30
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.39
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.45
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.44
0.47
0.49
0.50
0.44
0.49
0.51
0.53
0.44
0.51
0.53
0.55
0.44
0.51
0.55
0.57
0.44
0.51
0.56
0.58
0.44
0.51
0.57
0.6

tv N/mm2
M-35
M-40
0.2
0.2
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.32
0.37
0.38
0.42
0.42
0.45
0.46
0.49
0.49
0.52
0.52
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.60
0.60
0.62
0.62
0.63

Maximum shear stress tc.max in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

tc.max

Shear stress tc
100As
M-20
bd

M-15
1.6

M-20
1.8

Reiforcement %
100As
M-20
bd

M-25
1.9

M-30
2.2

M-35
2.3

M-40
2.5

Grade of concrete

0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7

0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34

0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51

0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25

0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26

0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42

1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82

0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47

1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38

0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Table 10.6Bending moment cofficientsfor rectangular Panels supportedon four side with p

short span cofficient axfor v

case No.

Type of paneland moment

Interior panels
1

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span
One long edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Two adjacent edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Two short edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Two long edge discontinuos
Negative moment at continuous edge
Positive moment at mid span
Three edge discontiuos

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span
Three edge discontiuos

0.032
0.024

One short edge discontinuos

4
5

0.037
0.028
0.037
0.028
0.047
0.035
0.045
0.035
0.035

one long edge continuos

0.057
0.043

one short edge continuos

Negative moment at continuous edge

Positive moment at mid span
four edge discontinuos
Positive moment at mid span

four edge discontinuos

ly / lx

positive
moment at
mid span

ax

Long span
cofficiet ay
for all value
of ly/lx

0.043
0.056

2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

ly / lx

positive
moment at
mid span

1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.75
2

0.056
0.064
0.072
0.079
0.085
0.089
0.1
0.107

ax

Long span
cofficiet ay
for all value
of ly/lx

0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056
0.056

2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15

0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51

Permissible Bond stress Table tbd in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete
2
tbd (N / mm )

M-10
--

M-15
0.6

M-20
0.8

M-25
0.9

M-30
1

M-35
1.1

M-40
1.2

M-45
1.3

Development Length in tension

Grade of
concrete

Plain M.S. Bars

tbd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld F

H.Y.S.D. Bars
tbd (N / mm2)
kd = Ld F

M 15

0.6

58

0.96

60

M 20

0.8

44

1.28

45

M 25

0.9

39

1.44

40

M 30

35

1.6

36

M 35

1.1

32

1.76

33

M 40

1.2

29

1.92

30

M 45

1.3

27

2.08

28

M 50

1.4

25

2.24

26

Permissible stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M

10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50

Permission stress in compression (N/mm2) Permissible stress in bond (Average) for

2
Bending acbc
plain bars in tention (N/mm )
Direct (acc)
(N/mm2)
3.0
5.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
16.0

Kg/m2
300
500
700
850
1000
1150
1300
1450
1600

(N/mm2)
2.5
4.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0

Kg/m2
250
400
500
600
800
900
1000
1100
1200

in kg/m2
-60
80
90
100
110
120
130
140

(N/mm2)
-0.6
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

Permissible direct tensile stress in concrete (IS : 456-2000)

Grade of concrete

sct.max

Degree

sin

M-10
1.2

M-15
2.0

Value of angle
Degree
cos

M-20
2.8

M-25
3.2

tan

cot

M-30
3.6

M-35
4.0

M-40
4.4

1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5

0.017
0.026
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.078
0.087
0.096
0.104
0.113
0.122
0.131
0.139
0.148
0.156
0.165
0.174
0.182
0.191
0.199
0.208
0.819
0.225
0.233
0.242
0.250
0.259
0.259
0.276
0.284
0.292
0.301
0.309
0.317
0.326
0.334
0.342
0.350
0.358
0.367
0.375
0.383
0.391
0.399
0.407
0.415
0.422
0.431
0.438
0.446
0.454
0.462
0.469
0.477

1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5
27
27.5
28
28.5

1.000
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.996
0.995
0.995
0.994
0.993
0.991
0.990
0.989
0.988
0.986
0.985
0.983
0.981
0.980
0.978
0.976
0.974
0.972
0.970
0.968
0.966
0.964
0.961
0.959
0.956
0.954
0.951
0.948
0.946
0.943
0.940
0.937
0.934
0.930
0.927
0.924
0.921
0.917
0.924
0.910
0.906
0.905
0.898
0.895
0.891
0.887
0.883
0.879

0.017
0.262
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.079
0.087
0.096
0.105
0.114
0.123
0.132
0.140
0.149
0.158
0.168
0.176
0.185
0.194
0.203
0.213
0.839
0.231
0.240
0.249
0.259
0.268
0.269
0.287
0.296
0.306
0.315
0.325
0.335
0.344
0.354
0.364
0.374
0.384
0.394
0.404
0.414
0.424
0.435
0.440
0.456
0.466
0.476
0.488
0.499
0.510
0.521
0.532
0.543

57.295
56.300
28.644
22.913
19.083
16.362
14.311
12.707
11.437
10.385
9.563
8.777
8.149
7.597
7.119
6.691
6.315
5.963
5.673
5.396
5.142
4.915
4.704
1.192
4.332
4.166
4.011
3.867
3.732
3.723
3.488
3.376
3.272
3.172
3.078
2.989
2.905
2.824
2.747
2.674
2.605
2.539
2.475
2.414
2.356
2.300
2.271
2.194
2.148
2.103
2.049
2.006
1.963
1.921
1.881
1.842

29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5

0.485
0.492
0.500
0.508
0.515
0.522
0.530
0.537
0.545
0.552
0.559
0.566
0.573
0.581
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.609
0.616
0.623
0.629
0.636
0.643
0.649
0.656
0.663
0.669
0.676
0.682
0.688
0.695
0.701
0.707
0.713
0.719
0.725
0.731
0.737
0.742
0.749
0.755
0.760
0.766
0.772
0.777
0.786
0.788
0.793
0.799
0.804
0.809
0.814
0.819
0.824
0.829
0.834

29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5
54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5

0.875
0.870
0.866
0.862
0.857
0.853
0.848
0.843
0.839
0.834
0.829
0.834
0.819
0.814
0.809
0.804
0.799
0.793
0.788
0.783
0.777
0.772
0.766
0.760
0.755
0.749
0.743
0.737
0.731
0.725
0.719
0.713
0.707
0.701
0.695
0.688
0.682
0.676
0.669
0.663
0.656
0.649
0.643
0.636
0.629
0.623
0.616
0.609
0.602
0.595
0.588
0.581
0.574
0.566
0.559
0.552

0.554
0.566
0.577
0.589
0.601
0.613
0.625
0.637
0.649
0.662
0.675
0.679
0.700
0.713
0.726
0.740
0.754
0.767
0.781
0.795
0.810
0.824
0.839
0.854
0.869
0.885
0.900
0.916
0.933
0.949
0.966
0.983
1.000
1.018
1.036
1.054
1.072
1.091
1.109
1.130
1.150
1.171
1.192
1.213
1.235
1.262
1.280
1.303
1.327
1.351
1.376
1.402
1.428
1.455
1.483
1.511

1.804
1.767
1.732
1.698
1.664
1.632
1.600
1.570
1.540
1.511
1.483
1.473
1.429
1.402
1.377
1.351
1.327
1.303
1.280
1.257
1.235
1.213
1.191
1.171
1.150
1.130
1.111
1.091
1.072
1.054
1.036
1.018
1.000
0.983
0.966
0.949
0.933
0.916
0.902
0.885
0.869
0.854
0.839
0.824
0.810
0.792
0.781
0.767
0.754
0.740
0.727
0.713
0.700
0.687
0.675
0.662

57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5
81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5

0.839
0.843
0.848
0.853
0.857
0.862
0.866
0.870
0.875
0.879
0.883
0.887
0.891
0.895
0.899
0.903
0.906
0.910
0.914
0.917
0.921
0.924
0.927
0.930
0.934
0.937
0.940
0.943
0.946
0.948
0.951
0.954
0.956
0.959
0.961
0.964
0.966
0.968
0.970
0.982
0.974
0.976
0.978
0.980
0.982
0.983
0.985
0.986
0.988
0.989
0.999
0.991
0.993
0.994
0.995
0.995

57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5
81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5

0.545
0.537
0.530
0.522
0.515
0.508
0.500
0.492
0.485
0.477
0.470
0.462
0.454
0.446
0.438
0.431
0.423
0.415
0.407
0.399
0.391
0.383
0.375
0.819
0.358
0.350
0.342
0.556
0.326
0.317
0.309
0.301
0.292
0.284
0.276
0.267
0.259
0.250
0.242
0.233
0.225
0.216
0.208
0.199
0.191
0.182
0.174
0.165
0.156
0.148
0.139
0.131
0.122
0.113
0.105
0.096

1.540
1.570
1.600
1.632
1.664
1.698
1.732
1.767
1.804
1.842
1.880
1.921
1.963
2.006
2.051
2.097
2.145
2.195
2.246
2.300
2.356
2.414
2.475
1.136
2.605
2.674
2.747
1.696
2.904
2.989
3.078
3.172
3.271
3.376
3.488
3.606
3.732
3.868
4.011
4.209
4.332
4.511
4.705
4.915
5.145
5.396
5.673
5.977
6.315
6.691
7.178
7.597
8.145
8.777
9.517
10.389

0.649
0.637
0.625
0.613
0.601
0.589
0.577
0.566
0.554
0.543
0.532
0.521
0.510
0.498
0.488
0.477
0.466
0.456
0.445
0.435
0.424
0.414
0.404
0.880
0.384
0.374
0.364
0.590
0.344
0.335
0.325
0.315
0.306
0.296
0.287
0.277
0.268
0.259
0.249
0.238
0.231
0.222
0.213
0.203
0.194
0.185
0.176
0.167
0.158
0.149
0.139
0.132
0.123
0.114
0.105
0.096

85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90

0.996
0.997
0.998
0.998
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
0.9998
0.9999
1.000

85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90

0.087
0.078
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

11.431
12.716
14.302
16.362
19.083
22.913
28.637
38.299
57.295
114.931
1.000

0.087
0.079
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000

entsfor rectangular Panels supportedon four side with provision for torsion at corners (IS456 - 2000)
short span cofficient axfor value of Ly/Lx

Long span
cofficiet ay
for all value
of ly/lx

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.75

0.043
0.036

0.047
0.039

0.051
0.039

0.053
0.041

0.06
0.045

0.065
0.049

0.032
0.024

0.048
0.036

0.051
0.039

0.055
0.041

0.057
0.044

0.064
0.048

0.068
0.052

0.037
0.028

0.052
0.039

0.057
0.044

0.063
0.047

0.067
0.051

0.077
0.059

0.085
0.065

0.037
0.028

0.06
0.045

0.065
0.049

0.071
0.053

0.075
0.056

0.084
0.063

0.091
0.069

0.047
0.035

0.052
0.04

0.056
0.043

0.059
0.044

0.06
0.045

0.065
0.049

0.069
0.052

0.035

0.051

0.057

0.063

0.068

0.08

0.088

0.045
0.035

0.071
0.053

0.076
0.057

0.08
0.06

0.084
0.064

0.091
0.069

0.097
0.073

0.043

0.059

0.065

0.071

0.076

0.087

0.096

0.057
0.043

0.072

0.079

0.085

0.089

0.1

0.107

0.056

Modification factore
% steel
Fy=415
fe= 240
0
0.1
2
0.15
1.9

0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3

1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.35
1.3
1.25
1.2
1.15
1.12
1.1
1
0.95
0.93
0.91
0.9
0.9
0.89
0.89
0.88
0.88
0.86
0.86
0.85
0.85
0.84
0.84
0.83
0.83
0.82
0.82
0.81

56-2000)
M-50
1.4