HOW TO CONSTRUCT A HISTOGRAM 1.

Obtain the table of raw data and determine the high value, low value, and range. Range = High Value Low value

2.

Decide on the number of cells. Use the following guide: Data Points Number of Cells 20* - 50 6 51 - 100 7 101 - 200 8 201 - 500 9 501 - 1000 10 Over 1000 11-20 *Less than 40 only as a result of stratification 3. Calculate the approximate cell width. Approx. Cell Width = range/number of cells 4. Round the cell width to a convenient number. Make the cell width 1, 2 or 5; 0.1, 0.2 or 0.5; 10, 20 or 50; etc. 5. Construct the cells by listing the cell boundaries. The first cell should include the lowest data value. Cell boundaries should be one or more significant digit than data. ______________________________________________________ Cell Boundaries Total

7.75 -8.25 24 8.25 -8.75 28 8.75 -9.25 26 9.25 -9.75 19 9.75 -10.25 12 10.25 -10.75 7 10.75 -11.25 2 11.25 -11.75 2 TOTAL 120 ______________________________________________________ 6. 7. Tally the number of data points in each cell. Check that total tally marks equal number of data points. Draw and label the horizontal axis. Go one cell width beyond the lowest and highest cell. Provide numeric labels and a caption to describe the measurement and its units. Draw and label vertical axis.
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8.

QCFI DC

Label the axis from 0 to a multiple of 5 that is greater than the largest tally in any cell. Provide a caption of number or percent. 9. Draw in the bars to represent the number of data points in each cell. The height of the bars should be equal to the number of data points in that cell as measured on the vertical axis. 10. Title the chart, indicate the total number of data points, and show nominal values and limits (if applicable). 1. Identify and classify the pattern of variation. 2. Develop a plausible and relevant explanation for the pattern. Use your teams knowledge and observation.
Confirm your theories through additional analysis.

Gain of 120 Tested Amplifiers

8.1 8.2 9.1 11.5 9.3 8.4 7.9 9.9 8.7 8.1 8.5 8.6

10.4 8.9 8.4 8.0 9.7 9.1 8.5 10.6 9.8 10.1 8.2 9.2

8.8 10.1 9.6 7.9 8.7 10.1 9.2 8.6 8.5 9.6 9.0 8.5

9.7 9.4 11.1 8.3 8.2 7.8 8.7 9.4 8.9 8.3 10.2 9.6

7.8 9.2 7.9 8.7 8.9 8.1 10.2 8.8 9.1 8.0 9.5 9.0

9.9 7.9 8.5 10.0 8.6 8.8 7.9 8.2 8.4 9.8 8.3 10.7

11.7 9.5 8.7 9.4 9.5 8.0 9.8 10.5 8.1 9.0 8.9 8.6

8.0 10.9 7.8 9.0 9.4 9.2 8.3 9.7 9.5 8.9 9.1 10.0

9.3 7.8 10.5 9.2 8.8 8.4 9.0 9.1 8.7 8.1 10.3 8.8

9.0 8.3 8.5 10.7 8.3 7.8 9.6 8.0 9.3 9.7 8.4 8.6

QCFI DC

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