A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF ENGLISH DRAMA AND POETRY

GLOSSARY

Anthropomorphitism Bur !s"u! Dr#m# Epi$ Po!tr% L%ri$# Po!ms Minstr! s Po!m

OBJECTIVES

By the end of this topic you should be able to: Briefly describe the form of several types of poems that are taken from other cultures Write some poems using the form or structure described in this topic; and Briefly describe the culture or social life that emerge in English drama.

2.1 A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE OF POETRY

Alliterative Verse

Latin !eltic and "ermanic languages #t phased out during the $ormans and %rench #nfluence &evived in '(th !entury; lived until ')th !entury *epends on alliterative for effect

!in+uain

American poetry by Adelaide Crapsey #nfluenced by the ,apanese haiku !arl -andburg and Louis .termeyer popularised it. %ive lines; usually // syllable stan0a 'st line 1 / /nd line 1 2 (rd line 1 ) 2th line 1 3 4th line 1 /

5aiku

%rom ,apan -eventeen syllables Lines of 4 6 4 Emerged in ')th century and popularised in '6th and '7th century. !onfusion of haiku hokku haikai

&hyme &oyal

*erived from %rench chant &oyal -even8line decasyllabic stan0a. Ababbcc rhyme scheme

-onnets

'9 syllables in English '' syllables in #talian '/ syllables in %rench *ivided into / parts

:he octave :he sestest

:he ;etrarchen -onnet

Also called #talian or &egular :<o rhymes in the octave =abbaabba> $ot more than three rhymes in the sestest =cdecde or cdcdcd>

-hakespearean -onnet

%ollo<s the pattern ababcdcdefefgg :he last t<o rhyming lines =gg> are called the rhyming couplets.

:he ?iltonic -onnet

-ame octave rhyme scheme of the ;etrarchan sonnet. But it has @no break in thought bet<een the octave and the sestest.

Ade

%irst used in the ancient "reece Lyric poem addresed to a person animal or inanimate obBects. Established by the "reek ;oet ;indar. ;indar sang praises of <inners in games and contests. :hree main type odes

;indaric ode

Based on ( movements of dramatic chorus ;art ' dancing to the right ;art / dancing to the left ;art ( standing in the centre.

5oration ode

!onstant stan0a form; .sually a +uatrain rhyming aabb

#rregular ode

?ost popular "reater freedom of structure.

:riolet

:aken from %rench 5as 3 lines 'st line is repeated in the 2th and 6th line; and /nd line is repeated in the 3th line .sed to eCpress humour #n English poetry it is used forspiritual purposes 'st triolet in English poetry <as by a monk named ;atrick !arey &eintrouduced by &ichard Bridges ?odern poets use to eCpress their thoughts

Villanelle

%rench verse that appeared in the late '399s. #t contains

:ercets A final +uatrain ='7 lines in total> A rhyme scheme =aba aba aba aba aba abaa> 'st and (rd lines are alternately repeated

'st line becomed the last line in second stan0a (rd line becomes the last line in the (rd stan0a $o particular meter or line length in a villanelle

Villanelle8 :er0anelle

:er0anelle is a type of villanelle .ses the villanelle form of 4 triplets and a +uatrain 'st line of 'st stan0a becomes the (rd line of the neCt stan0a and so on. &epeated line changes and the rhyme sounds changes = according to the ter0a rima structure> Less obssesive or more subtle than Villanelle <hose repetition can be overpo<ering.