Paul von Hindenburg 2 president of Germany, appointed Hitler as chancellor of Germany, signed the Enabling Act Reichstag Parliament-

t- building in Berlin where German Parliaments met; housed the Imperial Diet. Legislation was shared between the Reichstag and the Bundesrat. NSDAP National Socialist German Workers Party Nazi Party Gestapo Secret State Police- Formed by Hermann Goring Hermann Goring Formed the Gestapo in 1933- Ace fighter pilot; recipient of the Pour le Merite nd (Blue Max) (Highest order of merit) Last commander of the Jagdgeschwader 1- 2 most powerful man in Germany- Commander in Chief of the Luftwaffe (air force) Ernst Rohm Cofounder and commander of the Sturmabteilung (Storm Battalion, SA) part of the Night of the Long Knives and was executed by Hitler orders (a purge that took place as a series of political murders) Heinrich Himmler SS national Leader and head of Gestapo, appointed Chief of German Police by Hitler in 1936, later appointed Commander of the Replacement Army and General Plenipotentiary for the administration of the entire Third Reich. One of the people most directly responsible for the Holocaust. Joseph Goebbels Reich Minister of Propaganda, appointed Gauleiter of Berlin (regional party leader)- burning of books and exerted totalitarian control over media and arts and information in Germany Baldur von Schirach Nazi youth leader, head of Hitler Youth Albert Speer German architect, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. The Nazi who said sorry Robert Ley Head of the German Labour Front Gleichschaltung coordination is a Nazi term for the process by wh ich the Nazi regime successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of society. Volksgemeinschaft Peoples community appealed to the idea of breaking down elitism and uniting people across class divided to achieve a national purpose. The Day of Potsdam March 21, 1933; newly elected Reichstag for a message of propaganda, first Reichstag in the German Empire Enabling Act Gave Hitlers administration legislative powers, signed by Hindenburg The Peoples Receiver (Volksempfanger) a range of radio receivers developed by Otto Griessing at the request of Joseph Goebbels. Purpose was to make radio reception technology affordable to the general public and use it for propaganda. SA (storm troopers) Storm Battalion, paramilitary wing of the Nazi Party, intimidation, before SS- providing protection during Nazi rallies, disrupting meetings of the opposing parties, fighting the paramilitary units of opposing parties and intimidation Slavic and Ramani Citizens, unionists and Jews German Labor Front (DAF) National Socialist trade union organization which replaced the various trade unions of the Weimar Republic after Hitlers rise to power. Leader: Robert Ley. Aim: to create a true social and productive community nd Hitler Youth a paramilitary organization of the Nazi Party (2 oldest), Hitlerjugend: male youth from 14-18. Deutsches Jungvolk: younger boys 10-14. Bund Deutscher Madel: girls section. League of German Girls only female youth organization in Nazi Germany. Trude Mohr was the first leader The National Socialist Peoples Welfare the social welfare organization during the Third Reich. Leader: Erich Hilgenfeldt Winter Relief Agency (Winterhilfswerk) annual drive by the Nazis to help finance charitable work. Designed to provide food, clothing, coal, and other items to less fortunate Germans during

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the inclement months Reich Labor Service (RAD) an agency to help mitigate the effects of mass unemployment on German economy, militarise the workforce and indoctrinate it with Nazi ideology Strength through Joy a large state controlled leisure organization in Nazi Germany (part of the German Labour Front). Set up as a tool to promote the advantages of National Socialism to the people, it soon became the worlds largest tourism operator of the 1930s The Eternal Jew an anti-Semitic German Nazi propaganda film presented as a documentary. Essentially saying that the Jews are inferior and the Germans are superior. Unworthy Lives (life of unworthy life) a Nazi designation for the segments of populace which had no right to live and this were to be euthanized. People with serious medical problems and those considered grossly inferior according to the racial policy of the Third Reich. Known as Action T4 Paragraph 175 a provision of the German Criminal Code that made homosexual acts between males a crime, as well as bestiality, forms of prostitution and underage sexual abuse. A movie that chronicles the lives of gay men and a lesbian who were persecuted by the Nazis Homosexuals Paragraph 175 Euthanasia Unworthy Lives The T-4 Operation Nazi Germanys euthanasia program during which physicians murdered thousands of people who were judged incurably sick by critical medical examination. Sterilization Law allowed tge compulsory sterilization of any citizen who in the opinion of a Genetic Health Court suffered from a list of alleged genetic disorders many of which were not genetic, written by Ernst Rudin, Arthur Gutt, and Falk Ruttke. Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor first Nuremberg Law, prohibited marriages and extramarital intercourse between Jews (non-Aryans) and Germans. Also the employment of German females under 45 in Jewish households. Reich Citizenship Law second Nuremberg law, declared those not of German blood to be state subjects (Staatsangehorige) while those classified as Aryans were citizens of the Reich (Reichsburger). This stripped Jews of German citizenship. Marriage Loans were part of the promotion of the family in Nazi Germany. They were offered to newlywed couples in the form of vouchers for household goods, initially on condition that the woman stopped working. 1000 Reichsmarks. Marriage Health Law banned unions between the hereditarily health and persons deemed genetically unfit. Getting married and having children became a national duty for the racially fit. Hereditary Health Courts (Genetic Health Court) were courts that decided whether people should be forcibly sterilized in Nazi Germany. Dr. Karl Astel was in charge.

1. Why and in what ways did the Nazi regime attempt the permanent mobilization of society? -for harmony, betterment of the entire country, and national socialism. Volksgemeinschaft. NSDAP events, appeared alongside elites, made the common people fear unemployment, made them

think there was a real problem, insisted the need for order. Why? because German voters wouldnt just choose the NSDAP based on antisemitism. (needed to unify the country with every social class). Made the Nazi party look good POLITICALLY and ECONOMICALLY. Lots of propoganda. Germany was still weak and needed to be strong. and they needed more living space so they had to be ready to be on the offensive. Germany had to be like a fortress military preparedness - every street had someone who knew how to defend against air attacks, etc. 2. Did they succeed? How do you measure the degree of success or failure? DONT KNOW IF THEY SUCCEEDED. Probably because they had a huge army and they could destroy people quickly and secretly (wiping out communities of Jews,etc) 3. How did ordinary Germans react? ? ? ? to becoming part of a new world order of nazis and a bright future and everthing: Excited. To the killing of Jews: Horrified. 4. Nazi coordination (Gleichschaltung) went hand in hand with the new mechanisms of collective affiliation and identification. Explain. every aspect of society collaborated to oust the communists/jews/etc everyone who did not belong. Liquified all teams that were not of German decent. coordination was a process of dissolution AND affiliation. 5. How important were the Nazi auxiliary organizations in this development? SA, SS, Red cross even, worked together. They were all coordinated. citizens took to filling the void by volunteering. eight million people enrolled in the air defense league. collected donations, distributed coal, these people had responsibilities. it was a time of peace, but it resembled fighting a war. 6. The proclaimed new order was premised on the revolutionary transformation of both temporality and spatiality of the nation. Explain. ? ? ? ? The citizens were under the image that Germany was becoming this recovering nation that was ever growing with more needed space. That they had to create this better future because their past needed to be righted. 7. Here, the idea of normalcy was inseparably linked to the permanent state of emergency, which gave a juridical, ethical legitimacy to the terror. Explain.

8. In what ways was the penal system mobilized to implement the Nazi population politics?

9. Racial hygiene or biological racism was one of the most important ideological facets of Nazism. Explain. Racial cleaning was to get rid of genetically weak and unfit individuals who were not of Aryan decent.

They needed to create a new Germany which was racially supreme. A new future of lawyers, doctors, etc that were all on the same page. Because WWI weakened Germany with democracy, the elites looked for a way to racially dominate the new Germany and revitalize it. Biology was the most advanced technology to ensure Germanys survival in future wars. 10. From 1933 to 1935, in what ways did the Nazi regime give the institutional (legal, administrative, and organizational) expressions to this ideology? Even scientists and doctors refered to this as cleaning sweeping clean housecleaning and to educate the public and the children about what needed to be done. 11. What were the categories used in this process? ??????????????

12. Whom and how did the Nazis persecute and isolate in 1933-34? They wanted to keep Nazi germany Aryan, so they gave support and tax breaks to poor families who were genetically German and healthy to keep conceiving children. They educated the public on sterility, and then they began to weed out the alien race - the Jews. 13. Who were most visible in this political violence? Businesses of the Jews were targeted and boycotted.. Employers fired Jewish employees. Clubs prohibited Jewish members. But clumped together were also: Protestants, nonbelievers, Zionists, Catholics, Orthodox, German nationalists, Communists and liberal intellectuals were all classified as the Jew. 14. Who were the next victim groups? the mentally ill, the disfigured, crippled. Propaganda posters asked :this or that? with juxtaposition of healthy bodies next to a heap of disabled/disfigured bodies. children got trips to mental institutions and hospitals to see sick individuals and were questioned this or that ? 15. Did the Nazi regime deploy the same technique and rhetoric here? Or not? Explain no. this technique was brainwashing, less violent, and very psychological. 16. What was the symbolic significance of Volkswagen for most of the German population? a happy and rich future. A Dream for the future. a peoples car available to ordinary people, affordable, and let them dream about vacationing away to distant lands by car. a beautiful germany, powered by slave labor. 17. In what ways did Strength through Joy programs function as the most im portant symbol of National Socialism? Tens of millions of white collar/women workers were able to go on these strength through joy vacations because of a tax increase. People went on cruises (which they could never before), hotels, weekend getaways, etc. Strength through joy affected so many people that the NSDAP created strength through joy hotels, resorts, and cruise liners. It allowed people to see their own well being under the Nazi party so that they could create this master race. It was a link: the new order = the good life .