PENGHEMATAN ENERGI LEWAT DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT serta LISTRIK PRABAYAR

Dosen : Ir.H.Syariffuddin Mahmudsyah,M.Eng.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

SUPPLY SIDE MANAGEMENT

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Supply-Side Management
What is it?
Measures to:
Decrease supply costs Increase supply capacity Improve supply delivery

Why pursue it?

Ensure sustained availability of reliable energy Meet increasing electricity demand Mitigate environmental impact of energy production and supply

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

SSM Options and Opportunities

Resources and Resource Preparation
Power Generation and Energy Conversion Transmission Distribution Transport of Fossil Fuels

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Resources and Resource Preparation

Clean Coal Technologies (CCTs)
Overall CCTs improve the efficiency of coal-based electricity generation, with benefits such as:
Increased electrical power output per unit of coal fired; Reduced environmental impact per unit of coal fired, possibly in conjunction with partial or total removal of CO2 and SOx emissions.

Ex.
- Fluidised Bed Combustion - Pressurised Pulverised Coal Combustion - Next generation: underground coal gasification and carbon capture

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Resources and Resource Preparation (2)

Fuel Substitution
The process of substituting one fuel for another
The combustion of natural gas generally can be carried out much more efficiently than oil or coal

Renewable Energy
Wind, solar, geothermal Biomass might provide important energy supplies at competitive/ moderate cost ~ Case study Methane Generation in Lusaka

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Power Generation and Energy Conversion

Operation Improvement in Existing Plants
Improvements possible where equipment and systems are not run at top efficiency include:
Housekeeping Maintenance Data and performance monitoring

Combustion - Fluid bed combustion control

Upgrading Existing Power Supply

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Power Generation and Energy Conversion (2)

Upgrading Generation Units
It can improve reliability, increase output and reduce environmental impact through:
Installation of new and improved burners Extra flue gas heat recovery Additional heat recovery from hot blow-down water

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Power Generation and Energy Conversion (3)

Cogeneration
Production of heat as well as electricity from a single fuel source (combined heat and power - CHP)
Benefits: Economic Environmental

Enhanced reliability of electricity supply

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Transmission
Transmission Lines
They operate at high voltage. Issues:
Thermal limitations Voltage fluctuations System operating constraints

Data monitoring
need for comprehensive information on all system elements:
Computerised systems available (SCADA) Normally managed by system owner/operator Could be shifted to utility company

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Transmission (2)
Load Aggregation
Energy users band together to secure better prices.
Desired effect is a flatter overall load profile, a higher load factor and ultimately lower per unit energy costs for members of aggregate group

Substation improvements
Higher efficiency equipment
Transformers - payback periods of 2 to 5 years are typical Other key equipment: switchgear, alarms and controls.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Distribution
Upgrading Distribution Systems
Issues: variable losses, fixed losses and non-technical losses Solutions: increase the cross sectional area of lines / demand-side management

On-Site Generation
Interesting when nearing maximum level of demand Benefits:

On site self-generation reduces demand on the grid.

Reduces transmission losses from a distant power source.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Distribution (2)
Power factor improvement
Power factor = the ratio between the useful load and the apparent load for a system:
Incentives (or penalties) to encourage power factor improvement Benefits: Energy to be used more efficiently (at higher power factor) Less power needs to be generated

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

Transport of Fossil Fuels

Lots of energy efficiency improvements possible
Pipelines:
Oversized , inappropriate motors Opportunity for using high efficiency motors

Road transport:
Tyre pressures checked regularly Planning of routes and loads

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

SSM Constraints and Challenges

Availability of comprehensive information
First cost basis drives decisions Experience in new technologies lacking in developing countries Case studies on bagasse for India and Eastern and Southern Africa When funds for investment available: evaluate all potential projects, especially those requiring large investments and those having a long life expectancy (cogeneration plants)

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

SSM Constraints and Challenges (2)

Transmission and distribution: challenge will be the funding of large investments to replace old equipment or to add significantly to capacity.
Power factor improvement might benefit all.

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REGULATION AND POLICY-MAKING FOR AFRICA

CONCLUSIONS OF SSM
Both improve the efficiency of current and future supply as the use of renewable resources. Supply options need to be identified, evaluated, optimally selected and implemented to sustainably meet the demand while achieving economic and environmental benefits The most immediate options for SSM are:
Upgrading existing plants and networks Load aggregation Fuel switching Cogeneration and on-site generation

PROGRAM LISTRIK PRABAYAR

Program Listrik Prabayar adalah suatu program yang ditawarkan PLN kepada pelanggannya agar dapat mengendalikan pemakaian listriknya sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan bagi pelanggan pasang baru maupun yang migrasi dari pasca bayar dapat dengan mudah mengajukan pemasangan listrik prabayar cukup dengan menghubungi kantor pelayanan PLN terdekat, melengkapi surat-surat permohonan, dan jika hasil survey lokasi tidak ada masalah, maka dengan segera PLN dapat melakukan pemasangan.

Masih adanya keluhan : Pencatat meter Tagihan tidak menentu Tunggakan rekening rumah kontrakan/kos Salah pemutusan Tagihan tidak sesuai dengan pemakaian

Adalah cara baru bagi pelanggan untuk mengelola dan mengendalikan sendiri pemakaian listik sesuai kebutuhan dan keinginan pelanggan.

1. Pelanggan dengan mudah dapat memantau pemakaian listriknya setiap saat. 2. Pelanggan dapat mendisiplinkan diri sendiri untuk menggunakan listrik sesuai dengan anggaran belanja. 3. Pelanggan dengan mudah dapat mengendalikan pemakaian dan biaya listriknya sehingga terhindar dari pemborosan.

MANFAAT BAGI PELANGGAN

Melakukan kontrol Penggunaan Listrik Merubah perilaku hemat energi Privacy (tidak perlu pencatatan meter/bln)

KEUNTUNGAN LISTRIK PRABAYAR

1. Pelanggan bisa membeli TOKEN (isi ulang energi listrik) di payment point dan ATM dengan jaringan yang luas. 2. Pelanggan tidak perlu repot membukakan pintu rumah karena tidak akan didatangi petugas pencatat meter. 3. Tidak akan ada kesalahan pencatatan meter. 4. Tidak ada istilah menunggak, sehingga tidak akan didatangi petugas penagihan. 5. Privasi pelanggan tidak terganggu

1.
2. 3.

4.

Pastikan meter prabayar selalu dalam kondisi terisi token. Apabila token habis maka otomatis listrik akan padam. Untuk menghidupkan listrik karena token habis maka meter prabayar harus diisi ulang. Token hanya dapat digunakan sekali pakai. Token hanya dapat digunakan untuk meter seri tertentu.

 Pelanggan baru Pelanggan pasca bayar migrasi ke pra bayar (dikenakan biaya administrasi) Untuk sementara LPB diperuntukkan sambungan 1 Phasa dengan daya 900VA, 1300VA, 2200VA, 3500VA, 4400VA, dan 5500VA.

Saat ini Token dapat diperoleh di : BPR KS, PT. POS Bank Bukopin Bank Mitra PLN (ATM dll)

1. Nilai token terdiri dari unsur kWh, PPJ dan materai 2. Pilihan nilai token tertentu (Rp 20.000, Rp 50.000,Rp 100.000, Rp 250.000,Rp 500.000), atau pilihan token bebas / flexible mulai dari Rp 20.000 s/d Rp 1 juta.

1. Membeli token isi ulang pada outlet-outlet pembelian. 2. Masukkan 20 digit nomer token ke kWh prabayar, contoh : 0800 1234 3535 3250 6999

Energi kWh akan habis

Beli voucher kWh / token

Input 20 digit no token dgn betul

Jika no OK meter otomatis Menyalurkan energi

Jika salah input ulangi Seperti nomor 3

PERBANDINGAN PERHITUNGAN

antara
PASCA BAYAR PRA BAYAR

Vs

DAYA 450 VA
160 140

120

PEMAKAIAN KWH

100

80

60

40

REGULER

PRA BAYAR
20

0 6,640 8,330 10,020 13,620 17,220 20,820 25,770 30,720 35,670 40,620 45,570 50,520 55,470 60,420

RP TAGIHAN

300

DAYA 900 VA

250

PEMAKAIAN KWH

200

150

100

REGULER PRABAYAR

50

RP. TAGIHAN

PEMAKAIAN KWH
100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450

50

DAYA 1300 VA

RP. TAGIHAN PRABAYAR

REGULER

42,980 46,830 51,280 55,730 60,180 64,630 69,580 74,530 79,480 84,430 89,380 94,330 99,280 104,230 109,180 114,130 119,080 124,030 128,980 133,930 138,880 143,830 148,780 153,730 158,680 163,630 168,580 173,530 178,480 183,430 188,380 193,330 198,280 203,230 208,180 213,130 218,080 223,030 227,980

700

DAYA 2200 VA

600

500

PEMAKAIAN KWH

400

300

REGULER
200

PRABAYAR
100

RP. TAGIHAN

PEMAKAIAN KWH
1000 1200 200 400 600 800 0

DAYA 3500 VA

RP. TAGIHAN

REGULER

PRABAYAR

112,000 128,800 145,600 162,400 179,200 196,000 212,800 229,600 246,400 263,200 280,000 296,800 313,600 330,400 347,200 364,000 380,800 397,600 414,400 431,200 448,000 464,800 481,600 498,400 515,200 532,000 548,800 565,600 582,400 599,200 616,000 632,800 649,600 666,400 683,200

PEMAKAIAN KWH
1000 1200 1400 200 400 600

800

139,360 161,760 184,160 206,560 228,960 251,360 273,760 296,160 318,560 340,960

363,360
385,760 408,160 430,560 452,960 475,360 497,760 520,160 542,560 564,960 587,360 609,760 632,160 654,560

DAYA 4400 VA

RP. TAGIHAN
676,960
699,360 721,760 744,160 766,560 788,960 811,360 833,760 856,160

REGULER

PRABAYAR

PEMAKAIAN KWH
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 200 400 600 800 0

DAYA 5500 VA

RP. TAGIHAN

REGULER

PRABAYAR

172,800 195,200 217,600 240,000 262,400 284,800 307,200 329,600 352,000 374,400 396,800 419,200 441,600 464,000 486,400 508,800 531,200 553,600 576,000 598,400 620,800 643,200 665,600 688,000 710,400 732,800 755,200 777,600 800,000 822,400 844,800 867,200 889,600 912,000 934,400 956,800 979,200 1,001,600 1,024,000 1,046,400 1,068,800 1,091,200

PT PLN (Persero) APJ SBS

Manfaat dan Dukungan LISTRIK PRABAYAR

Listrik prabayar akan memberikan manfaat bagi pelanggan kemudahan memantau pemakaian listrik setiap saat, disiplin menggunakan listrik sesuai anggaran belanja, tidak lagi terikat dengan pencatat meter maupun jadual pembayaran, Dapat membeli token (isi ulang energi listrik) di banyak tempat, tidak ada istilah menunggak, sangsi pemutusan, biaya keterlambatan dan tidak dikenakan Uang Jaminan Langganan. Guna mendukung keberhasilan program listrik prabayar PLN telah menyiapkan outlet-outlet tempat penjualan token listrik prabayar bekerjasama dengan Bank BPRKS, BUKOPIN, BNI, PT. POS INDONESIA dan OCBC NISP. Penjualan token listrik prabayar dapat diperoleh di loket-loket bank-bank tersebut dan penjualan token listrik prabayar dan pembayaran rekening listrik melalui fasilitas SMS Handphone.