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This document helps new users to get familiar with basic/fundamental yet essential functionalities by going through step by step process and building a dummy case from scratch in Petrel. NOTE: The values in this document are not the optimum and may cause convergence issues if the model was run based on them. You might need to modify them and make your own data (specifically Development Strategy section) to make the model run smoothly in ECLIPSE.
5. If the Favorite pane is not visualized, from Menu bar go to View>Panes and select Favorite. You should now be able to see Favorite pane. 6. Now go through the processes in Processes pane and Drag-&-Drop the ones that you use the most in Favorite pane 7. In this case we need: a. Make simple grid b. Make Horizons c. Make Zones d. Layering e. Geometrical modeling f. Make/edit polygons g. Make/edit surface h. Well completion design i. Make fluid model j. Make rock physics functions k. Fault analysis l. Make development strategy m. Make local grids
n. o. p. q. r.
Define well segmentation Define simulation case Pillar gridding Scale up structure Scale up properties
Note: From now on, I am calling each process from Favorite pane rather than Processes pane. This makes life easier and I dont need to repeat Processes pane and each process-group header name (e.g. Simulation, Utilities etc.). For example instead of saying open Make Simple Grid process from Processes pane, under Utilities Ill just say Open Make Simple Grid, since we know that all the processes that we are going to used are already in Favorite pane.
3. Click on Geometry tab and fill the boxes. This is the extent of your model in X and Y direction and you can input any value you want.
4. The result of this process is a new grid skeleton in Model pane. 5. Open a 3D or 2D window and visualize Top/Mid/Base skeleton of Fine Grid (Expand New model>Expand Fine Grid>Expand Skeleton)
We have the skeleton and areal gridding, now we should build the layers or vertical divisions of the model.
6. Right click on Skeleton and select Convert to surface. The result is Top/Mid/Base surfaces in Input pane as below. We need these surfaces to create horizons later on.
7. Open Make Horizons and append 3 lines as shown below and select and drop Top/Mid/Base surfaces that we just created in previous step (Input pane) into Input #1 in pop up window.
We now have two horizons in our model and basically the reservoir is divided into two parts, upper and lower. You can visualize Horizons, Edges and intersections from Model pane in 3D window and see how your model look likes so far. By default we have two zones (upper and lower) and we now need to further sub-divide them into layers. We skip Make zones process and go straight to Layering.
8. Open Layering process and set each zone to 5, then we will have a model with 10 layers.
The model is now ready to be populated by properties (PORO, PERM etc). If you look at the Edges, you can see that layering has been done correctly (10 layers). However, because the properties are not populated we cannot see the 3D grids yet. 9. Go to Model pane and right click on Properties and select Calculator. Here you can set PERM, PORO, NTG etc. Make sure you select a correct template for each property. Note that you can use Functions and Geometry options for some practical functionalities like Ran(Min, Max) that randomly distributes a property based on Min and Max value specified.
10. In 3D now you should be able to visualize PORO and PERMs under Properties.
3. Once the polygon is finished, its stored under the Input pane. 4. Right click on the polygon and select Create simulation (grid) fault:
5. The result is a fault under New model>Fine Grid>Faults folder under Model pane with a vertical fault that cuts through the layers. You could rename the faults.
6. Open Fault analysis if you do not have Structural and fault analysis (RDR) license. And set the multipliers, as below.
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There are no completion as of yet and wells can be used as they are, however they will be considered open whole. Here I will explain a quick way to add Casing and Perforation to the wells that later can be edited using well section. 1. Open Well completion design and select Create simple completions from Operation drop down menu 2. Drop the wells into Wells box 3. Deselect Create liner and Create completion string as below
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Now you can open Well Section window or Settings for each Completion (Casing/Perforation) and modify the Date and Intervals etc. I have modified the perforation to produce only from Oil zone (7020-7080 ft) and inject water only into Oil and Water interval (7020-7100 ft) and gas only in Gas Cap (7000-7020 ft).
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2. You may have noticed that by selecting Oil, Gas and Water, extra tabs are appeared in this window. Select a tab one at a time and see how they are empty. Select an appropriate fluid from presets examples (Use presets button) and this will automatically fill all required boxes in each tab, as below:
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3. Now its time to set the contacts and datum depth and its pressure. This is done using Initial conditions tab that is equivalent to EQUIL keyword in ECLIPSE. Please note that the depth in Petrel decreasing downwards, hence the depth values set here are to be Negative. In This case have set WOC = -7080 ft, GOC = Datum Depth = -7020 ft and Pressure a Datum Depth = 4500 psi. 4. The results is now stored in Input tab under Fluids folder. You could open a New Function Window and view Oil, Gas and Water properties as well as contacts and calculated pressure gradients.
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3. Go to compaction tab and select Consolidated sandstone from Use presets drop down and click OK.
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13. Now select POROSITY from Fine Grid model and drop it into this window. Then click on POROSITY and choose Algorithm an Averaging method (Averaging (volume weighted) and Arithmetic). Click Apply.
14. Now select and drop permeability from Fine Grid into this Upscaling property window. Then select Permeability and choose Algorithm (Flow-based upscaling) and fill the settings and click OK.