R&SPR100 Portable Receiver On-site radiomonitoring from 9 kHz to 7.

5 GHz

Radiomonitoring&Radiolocation

Product Brochure | 06.02

R&SPR100 Portable Receiver At a glance

The R&SPR100 portable receiver has been specifically designed for radiomonitoring applications in the field. The receivers functions and control concept have been optimized for monitoring tasks. In addition, it can be used for a variety of other applications.
The R&SPR100 operates in a wide frequency range from 9kHz to 7.5GHz. Whether used for monitoring emissions, detecting interference or locating miniature transmitters, the receiver always combines high mobility with maximum operating ease. The receiver and the R&SHE300 active directional antenna together form a compact receiving system. The receiver can also be used in conjunction with other antennas, e.g. broadband omnidirectional antennas.

Despite its compact design, the R&SPR100 offers a wide range of functions otherwise available only in equipment in higher price segments. Its favorable price/performance ratio makes it an indispensable instrument for all radiomonitoring tasks where high mobility and cost- efficiency are crucial. Featuring compact size and low weight, the R&SPR100 is ideal for use in places that cannot be accessed with a vehicle. Its low power consumption allows the receiver to operate for up to four hours on a single battery charge. The lithium-ion battery can be exchanged in a matter of seconds without any tools. The current instrument settings are automatically written to the internal memory when the receiver is switched off.

Key facts
Fast panorama scan across the entire frequency range from 9kHz to 7.5GHz 10 MHz IF spectrum and demodulation with bandwidths from 150Hz to 500kHz Spectrum and spectrogram (waterfall) display on 6.5" color screen Storage of measurement data to receiver's built-in SDcard LAN interface for remote control and data output Ergonomic and rugged design for portable use Low weight: 3.5kg including battery Manual location of emissions with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna (9 kHz to 7.5 GHz) Automatic location of emissions with direction finding algorithms (20 MHz to 6 GHz) Display of digital maps on the R&SPR100; triangulation based on multiple, manually or automatically determined DF results

Top view of the R&SPR100: maximum operating ease in a compact box.

The R&SPR100 with the R&SHE300 active directional a ntenna: The antenna comes with three m odules that cover the frequency range from 20MHz to 7.5GHz (can be expanded to 9kHz with optional HF module). The preamplifier is a ccommodated in the grip piece.

R&SPR100 Portable Receiver Applications

Interference d etection and location in professional radio networks

Reliable detection of radio interference caused, for example, by defective electronic equipment Fast and effective elimination of interference sources, e.g. at airports page 5

Monitoring of user-specific radio s ervices

Monitoring of a large number of radio services with different scan modes Monitoring of an organizations own emissions in an assigned service band page 6

Homing of emergency signals

Location of source of emergency call with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna Tone function for source location in difficult t errain page 7

Location of i mprovised explosive devices (IED)

Detection of IEDs even when they are in standby mode Homing of IEDs with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna Low weight and long battery operating time for mobile applications page 8

Mobile tracking of miniature t ransmitters

Detection of bugs, e.g. in conference rooms Location of bugs with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna page 9

Triangulation to locate signal sources in manual DFmode

Manual direction finding of a signal source with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna Triangulation based on multiple, manually determined DFresults Display of results on a digital map loaded in the R&SPR100 page 10

riangulation to T locate s ignal sources in automatic DF mode

Automatic direction finding of a signal source with the R&SPR100-DF option Triangulation based on multiple, automatically determined DF results Display of results on a digital map loaded in the R&SPR100 page 12

Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 3

R&SPR100 Portable Receiver Key features

Future-ready investment
Wide frequency range and outstanding performance Capable of receiving and processing signals of current and future radio services page 13

High receiver sensitivity, high signal resolution

State-of-the-art digital signal processing for high receiver sensitivity and detection of extremely weak signals without any loss in processing speed Significantly superior receiver sensitivity and signal resolution (compared with conventional analog receivers) page 19

Retrieval of information through demodulation

Analog-modulated signals demodulated directly in the receiver; contents audible using headphones or built-in loudspeaker Digitally modulated signals converted to the baseband using I/Q demodulation and stored in the receiver or exported via LAN Online and offline analysis of digitally modulated signals, e.g. with the R&SGX430 software

Detection of pulsed signals and radar emissions

Capture of short-duration pulses, such as radar emissions Wide IF bandwidth for analysis of short-duration pulses and pulse packets

Monitoring receiver and mobile data memory in a single unit

Collected information written directly to the receivers built-in SD card Offline analysis of data recording during monitoring

Efficient operation via remote control

Full remote control via LAN interface (SCPI commands to IEEE488.2) Efficient, remote receiver operation, e.g. in unattended monitoring stations R&SPR100-Control remote control software from the R&SRAMON software family included page 17

Battery operation for mobile use

Low weight: 3.5 kg including battery Long battery-powered operation: approx. 4 hours

Intuitive, simple operation

Short learning curve due to straightforward menu structure and simple operation Large 6.5" color display for signal analysis page 15

Interference detection and location in professional radio networks

Its compact design and wide range of special functions make the R&SPR100 an ideal choice for tracking all types of radio interference.
Reliable detection of radio interference caused, for example, by defective electronic equipment
To master these tasks, the R&SPR100 includes s pecial functions such as selectable measurement time and continuous or periodic level output. Since these functions are also effective in the panorama scan mode, even nonperiodic interferers which are otherwise difficult to recognize due to their irregular appearance in a quickly changing spectrum can be easily detected.

Fast and effective elimination of interference sources, e.g. at airports

Using the R&SHE300 active directional antenna together with the R&SPR100 portable receiver, the source of an interference can be quickly and reliably located and eliminated. This capability is especially important in securitycritical radio scenarios (e.g. air traffic control, ATC) as it prevents high failure costs for the service provider. The fast panorama scan is ideal for this task. In the panorama scan mode, the frequency range of interest is scanned in steps of max. 10MHz. An FFT of corresponding width is calculated for each step. Maximum scan speed is achieved by selecting the maximum spacing of 100kHz between the FFT calculation points. This provides a quick overview of the spectrum occupancy. Any changes caused by illegal radio services, interference sources, temporary emissions, etc. are easy to r ecognize. If the user stops the panorama scan, the receiver switches to the audio-monitoring mode. Using the marker function, a signal of interest can be selected, demodulated, and the signal content analyzed. The step width for the fast panorama scan can be chosen to match the channel spacing of a variety of radio services. The panorama scan provides high scan rates at narrow resolution bandwidths and high sensitivity.

Interference in radiocommunications, e.g. at airports, not only impedes operation it may even pose a threat to life. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 5

Monitoring of user-specific radio services

The frequency scan mode is mainly intended for monitoring radio services that use fixed channel spacing.

Monitoring of a large number of radio services with different scan modes

In the frequency scan mode, a user-defined frequency range is scanned using fixed channel spacing. The receiver steps through the frequency range of interest and checks every channel to see if any signals are p resent. If a signal is detected that exceeds the predefined level threshold, the receiver dwells at the corresponding frequency for the set hold time, allowing for the signal to be demodulated and processed. In the case of analog modulation, the demodulated signal can be monitored via the loudspeaker or headphones. In the memory scan mode, predefined channels stored in memory locations are consecutively scanned and analyzed to see if any signals are present. The R&SPR100 offers 1024 user-definable memory locations. Receive parameters can be assigned separately to each memory location. The memory scan mode is especially useful for s canning individual frequencies that do not have fixed channel spacing or that use different demodulation modes and bandwidths. The memory scan mode offers the user a greater degree of freedom than the frequency scan mode.

Monitoring of an organizations own emissions in an assigned service band

Shortwave communications Tactical communications Air traffic control (ATC) TETRA Demodulation, e.g. of broadband TETRA with 200kHz channel bandwidth 433MHz/868MHz/2.4GHz ISM bands GSM850/900/1800/1900 AMPS/DECT/UMTS Bluetooth/WLAN WiMAX/Wi-Fi RFID/ZigBee

Smooth operation of an organization's own radio networks is v ital to ensure operational readiness not only for government operators. 6

Homing of emergency signals

Transmitters can be tracked not only visually by displaying the received signal level or the spectrum, but also acoustically with the tone function.

Location of source of emergency call with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna
For example, if an emergency transmitter has been identified at a specific frequency, the user can activate the tone function in order to locate the transmitter. This function causes the receiver to output a whistling tone whose pitch varies with the level of the signal received. The signal level, in turn, varies as the user changes position or points the antenna in various directions.

Tone function for source location in difficult terrain

The acoustic level indication allows the user to fully concentrate on the terrain and on tracking the transmitter as there is no need to continuously monitor the receiver display.

When a person in distress has been located with the R&SPR100 and the R&SHE300, the position information is immediately forwarded to the rescue team. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 7

Location of improvised explosive devices (IED)

By approaching the signal source, the R&SPR100 can locate even extremely weak signals in difficult terrain.
Detection of IEDs even when they are in s tandby mode
For example, the oscillator reradiation of an IED (once the frequency is known) is visible on the display of the R&SPR100 even if the IED device is operating in the receive-only mode. The receiver of a remote detonation device leaves traces in the frequency spectrum even in standby mode. Oscillator reradiation and other spurious effects caused by remote-control electronics are unintended emissions. They tend to occur more frequently in semi-professional equipment such as used, for example, to detonate improvised explosive devices.

Homing of IEDs with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna

The R&SPR100s wide receive frequency range proves very helpful when it comes to detecting these emissions, since the exact spectral range is not known when the search begins. The receiver features a preselection function, which yields valuable results even in environments characterized by strong noise or strong signal levels close to the frequency of interest. The preselection function limits the signal sum level to be handled by the receiver. As a result, it provides effective signal detection in battlefield scenarios that are highly loaded in terms of frequency and level.

Low weight and long battery operating time for mobile applications
Weighing only about 3.5kg, the receiver can be easily carried in a convenient chest strap. The R&SPR100 operates for an a verage period of four hours on a single battery charge. This makes it suitable for all kinds of portable radiomonitoring applications.

Tracking telltale signals with the R&SPR100 and the R&SHE300 active directional a ntenna. 8

Mobile tracking of miniature transmitters

The R&SPR100 portable receiver offers high mobility plus a convenient carrying strap, making it perfectly suited for all kinds of mobile applications.

Detection of bugs, e.g. in conference rooms

The R&SPR100 can easily detect all types of miniature transmitters (bugs) as it approaches them. Its wide frequency range from 9kHz to 7.5GHz covers the f requency bands of the majority of miniature transmitters used today. For frequencies above 7.5GHz, the R&SHF907DC frequency-converting, portable directional antenna can be used to expand the receive frequency range up to 18GHz.

Location of bugs with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna

The R&SPR100 offers a differential mode function to facilitate signal detection. The current spectrum can be stored as a reference spectrum by pressing the associated key during the panorama scan. The receiver then displays any signal variations as a differential spectrum relative to the reference spectrum. Any new or changed signals can be recognized at a glance. The intensity of the signals emitted is strongly dependent on direction, especially in the close vicinity of miniature transmitters. The differential mode function is therefore a valuable aid in tracking these transmitters. Another efficient tool for locating miniature transmitters is the tone function of the R&SPR100. This function outputs a whistling tone whose pitch varies with the level of the signal received. This facilitates locating the signal source because the user does not have to continuously monitor the receiver display.

Finding bugs with the R&SPR100 and the R&SHE300 active directional antenna. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 9

Triangulation to locate signal sources in manual DFmode

Manual direction finding of a signal source with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna
The desired direction information relative to north is obtained by manually lining up the R&SHE300 in the receive direction where the signal is strongest. This information is shown on a compass rose on the R&SPR100. Combining this information with the receivers GPS position gives the user clear position and direction information that can be used to approximate the location of the signal source. Several DF results can be combined to more exactly pinpoint the source of the signal.

Triangulation based on multiple, manually determined DFresults

All saved DF results are available in list form. The user selects results from this list to carry out triangulation. The triangulation result, i.e. the strongest signal source, and the calculated error radius are displayed on a digital map loaded in the R&SPR100. The location of the signal source is now known, and suitable measures can be taken to, for example, render the interfering electrical device inoperative and eliminate the interference.

Direction-finding of a signal source with the R&SHE300 active directional antenna.

Triangulation based on multiple DF results. 10

Display of results on a digital map loaded in the R&SPR100

Maps for the R&SPR100 can be downloaded free of charge at www.openstreetmap.org. The R&SOpenStreetMapWizard (OSMWizard) software makes downloading maps easy. Users simply select a map section, set the desired zoom factor and download the map to a PC. They then copy the files from the PC to the R&SPR100s SD card, where the files are now available for field use.

The R&SHE300 active directional antenna including GPS module and electronic compass, connected to the R&SPR100.

Maps can be downloaded at www.openstreetmap.org. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 11

Triangulation to locate signal sources in automatic DF mode

High-precision, wideband DF methods in a compact package
The R&SPR100-DF upgrade kit turns the R&SPR100 into a powerful and convenient portable direction finder. Using the patented Rohde&Schwarz single-channel correlative interferometer DF method, it provides DF accuracy and immunity to reflections comparable to that of direction finders with two or more receive paths without r equiring additional hardware. The integrated upgrade kit covers a wide direction finding range of 20 MHz to 6 GHz. The advantages of the R&SPR100 combined with the proven single-channel DF method provides users with a compact, battery-operated solution that is ideal for applications requiring flexibility and mobility e.g. when tracking shortduration signals such as push-to-talk communications.

Installing the portable mobile direction finder in a commercial vehicle only takes a few minutes thanks to compact DF antennas with an integrated GPS receiver, electronic compass and an optional magnetic base adapter.

Automatic direction finding of a signal source with the R&SADD107 or R&SADD207 compact DF antenna
The receiver automatically obtains the desired bearing information relative to north. This information is shown on a compass rose on the R&SPR100. When equipped with the R&SPR100-GPS option, this information is combined with the receivers GPS position to provide clear position and direction information on a map. The R&SPR100-GPS option uses running fix and the integrated triangulation function (including calculation of the error radius) to allow users to combine several DF results and more accurately pinpoint the source of the signal.

The R&SPR100 with integrated R&SPR100-DF upgrade kit in DF mode.

Manual triangulation of the a utomatically determined DF results and display of the overlaid result on a map.

12

Future-ready investment
The receivers wide frequency range and outstanding performance make it a future-ready investment. The R&SPR100 is capable of receiving and processing signals of current and future radio services.
High receiver sensitivity, high signal resolution
Using state-of-the-art digital signal processing, the R&SPR100 can receive signals with high sensitivity and detect even extremely weak signals without any loss in processing speed. The receiver's sensitivity and signal resolution are clearly superior to those of a conventional analog receiver.

Retrieval of information through demodulation

Signals with analog modulation can be demodulated in the receiver. The signal can be heard through the built-in loudspeaker or headphones. Complex baseband signals can be recorded internally or externally for offline analysis. The PC-based R&SGX430 analysis software is available for both online and offline signal analysis. The data to be analyzed is transferred to a PC via LAN. The demodulation bandwidth can be selected independently of the IF bandwidth.

Detection of pulsed signals and radar emissions

Due to the large IF bandwidth of 10MHz, even very short pulses and pulse packets (bursts) can be detected and the resulting very wide spectrum can be analyzed. Burst signals of this type are typically emitted by radar equipment.

Monitoring receiver and mobile data memory in a single unit

The receiver provides the following internal storage media and functions for recording measured data: 64 Mbyte RAM for recording I/Q data up to 500 kHz bandwidth or audio data up to 12.5 kHz bandwidth 4 Gbyte SD card for storing recorded I/Q data, audio data, spectra and measured data External SD card reader to read out SD card Digital audio data recorded in WAV format, measured values in CSV format; screenshots saved in PNG format to SD card Digital data available online at the LAN interface; can be recorded externally (e.g. on a PC hard disk) Data buffering not necessary

Efficient operation via remote control

The receiver can be fully remote-controlled via its LAN interface. This allows efficient, remote operation of the receiver, e.g. in unattended monitoring stations. The LAN interface is capable of handling the maximum data transfer rate. The protocol of the LAN i nterface is compliant with the IEEE488.2 SCPI standard.

Battery operation for mobile use

Low weight: 3.5kg including battery Long battery-powered operation: approx. four hours in RX mode, approx. two hours in DF mode

The R&SPR100 with fold-out stand for desktop use.

Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 13

Frequency range extendable up to 18 GHz

The R&SHF907DC SHF DF antenna with downconverter extends the receiving frequency range of the portable receiver up to 18 GHz. The user can then take advantage of the rich feature set of the R&SPR100 up to 18 GHz, for example to detect interference caused by directional radio link communications.

Specifications in brief of the R&SHF907DC

Frequency range Polarization VSWR Impedance RF connector Weight band 1 band 2 manual setting 7.5 GHz to 12.5 GHz 12.5 GHz to 18 GHz horizontal, vertical or 45 typ. 2.5 50 N type, female including rechargeable approx. 3.5 kg battery

R&SHF907DC SHF antenna for extending frequency range up to 18 GHz. 14

Rear view of the R&SHF907DC.

Intuitive, simple operation

The operating concept of the R&SPR100 meets the requirements placed on a modern radiomonitoring receiver, i.e. all important functions such as demodulation modes and bandwidths can be set directly using clearly labeled keys. Users are quickly able to use the receiver.

The receiver is controlled conveniently via keys and the rotary knob. Clearly structured menus provide quick access to instrument parameters and functions. Results, as well as the spectrum and waterfall diagrams, can be read at a glance on the bright, well-organized 6.5"VGA color display. The backlighting of the d isplay can be dimmed for use in dark surroundings. For use in sunlight, a special black-and-white display mode is available that optimizes contrast. The IF panorama display facilitates the detailed analysis of a frequency range of interest. The current receive frequency is positioned at the center of the spectrum display. IF bandwidths between 1kHz and 10MHz can be selected to suit the task at hand. The average, min. hold and max.hold functions further expand a nalysis capabilities. The user can change how the results are displayed to meet the current requirements. Measured data is available in various formats.

All important functions such as d emodulation modes and bandwidths can be set directly using c learly labeled keys provided both on the top and on the front of the receiver. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 15

 igital data is output via the LAN interface: D Complex baseband data (I/Q data) up to 500kHz bandwidth Digital audio data up to 12.5kHz bandwidth Spectra of panorama scan (with maximum update rate) Spectra of IF panorama display (with maximum update rate) Measured signal levels Measured frequency offset values Measured field strength values (antenna factors of antenna used must be stored in the receiver)

Analog data is output via the corresponding analog interface: Analog audio data via 3.5mm jack 21.4MHz uncontrolled IF via BNC socket (for receive frequencies from 20MHz to 7.5GHz) The user settings and level indication modes become effective at different points in signal processing. This is ex plained in greater detail in the Operating principle section, which uses block diagrams to describe the R&SPR100s operation.

Structure of R&SPR100 c onfiguration menus.

Display of measured level and IF spectrum.

IF spectrum analysis using marker functions. 16

Display of IF spectrum and s pectrogram (waterfall display).

Convenient R&SPR100Control remote control software

The R&SPR100-Control remote control software is supplied free of charge with the R&SPR100. It is part of the R&SRAMON software family and enables convenient and efficient operation of the receiver from a PC workstation. The software offers a straightforward menu structure and intuitive operation so that training requirements for operating personnel are minimal.

The complete functionality provided by the R&SPR100 can be controlled using the R&SPR100-Control software. The graphical user interface enables operation of the receiver with easy-to-read online signal display as well as signal recording and playback. Optional R&SRAMON software packages are available to significantly expand the range of functions. For example, it is possible to add handover functions to and from additional receivers or direction finders, as well as task, reporting and database functions. R&SRAMON software components can be used to implement customer-specific radiomonitoring systems from single, standalone systems to nation wide networked systems.

Major functional features of R&SRAMON

Fast and simple operation The main functions can be accessed using shortcuts. The graphical display of results includes: IF spectrum with waterfall diagram RF panorama spectrum with waterfall diagram The user can adapt the colors of the display and the size and arrangement of the windows as required for a specific task or area of application. Easy-to-use measurement functions are available within the diagrams. Display, storage and playback of spectra and waterfall data R&SPR100-Control enables the recording and playback of RF and IF signal spectra. In addition, digital audio data and I/Q baseband data (digital IF) of up to 500kHz bandwidth can be stored, e.g. for the subsequent analysis of digitally modulated signals. Buffering of frequency scan data in a ring buffer Recording in the ring buffer can be stopped by a mouse click. The stored signals are then available in playback mode for analysis. Frequency list for marking signals With a mouse click, radio channels can be marked, saved in a list and graphically placed over the spectrum. The frequency list is available for storage and subsequent analysis.

Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 17

Display of IF spectrum and use of marker function.

Wideband panorama scan with max. hold function and waterfall diagram.

IF spectrum and waterfall diagram of a radar signal from Munich Airport (Germany). 18

Operating principle
Frontend
Starting from the antenna socket, the frequency in the signal path is limited to 8GHz. Signal processing then takes place in three paths for three different frequency ranges. Signals from 9kHz to 30MHz are routed via a preamplifier directly to the A/D converter. Signals from 20MHz to 3.5GHz are routed to the IF section through the preselection and a preamplifier, or through an attenuator in the case of high signal levels. Both the preselection and the attenuator e ffectively protect the IF section against overloading. This is particularly important in this frequency range where the maximum signal sum levels occur. Signals from 3.5GHz to 8GHz are routed to the IF section through a preamplifier. The three-stage IF section processes the signals from 20MHz to 8GHz for the subsequent A/D converter. To provide optimum instrument performance, only signals up to 7.5GHz are processed in the subsequent stages. The uncontrolled 21.4MHz IF can also be tapped ahead of the A/D converter via a BNC socket on the R&SPR100 for further external processing.

Digital signal processing

After A/D conversion of the signal, the signal path is split up: In the first path, the IF spectrum is calculated using a digital downconverter (DDC), a digital bandpass filter and the FFT block. The bandwidth of the bandpass filter can be selected between 1kHz and 10MHz. Before the IF spectrum is output on the display or via the LAN interface, results are postprocessed using the average, min. hold or max. hold function as selected by the user. In the second path, which also includes a DDC and a bandpass filter, the signal is processed for level measurement or demodulation. To process the different signals with optimum signal-to-noise ratio, the receiver contains IF filters with demodulation bandwidths from 150Hz to 500kHz, which can be selected independently of the IF bandwidth. Prior to the level measurement, the absolute value of the level is determined and weighted using the average, max.peak, RMS or sample function, as selected by the user. The measured level is then output on the display or via the LAN interface. To demodulate analog signals, the complex baseband data passes through the baseband filter, then undergoes automatic gain control (AGC) or manual gain control (MGC) and is finally demodulated in the AM, FM, USB, LSB, ISB, PULSE or CW demodulation stages. After the AGC/MGC stage, the complex baseband data (I/Q data) resulting from the digitized signals is directly output for further processing.

Block diagram of frontend

Lowpass lter

flimit = 30 MHz ATT Att = 10 dB

Gain = typ. 11 dB

9 kHz to 30 MHz Lowpass lter 20 MHz to 3.5 GHz 21.4 MHz Three-stage IF section to A/D converter

flimit = 8 GHz

Preselection Highpass lter

Gain = typ. 20 dB 21.4 MHz Lowpass lter 3.5 GHz to 8 GHz analog IF output (uncontrolled)

flimit = 3.5 GHz

Gain = typ. 10 dB

flimit = 8 GHz

Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 19

The results obtained are available as digital data and can be output via the LAN interface as required for the particular task. Digital audio data is reconverted to analog signals for output via the loudspeaker.

IF spectrum
FFT calculation of the IF spectrum is performed in a number of steps. These are described below in simplified form for an IF bandwidth of 10kHz (BWIF spectrum = 10kHz), which yields high sensitivity. Due to the finite edge steepness of the IF filter, the sambandwidth pling rate fs must be larger than the selected IF BWIF spectrum. The quotient of the sampling rate and the IF bandwidth is thus a value > 1 and is a measure of the edge steepness of the IF filter. This relationship is expressed by the following two formulas:

High receiver sensitivity, high signal resolution

The R&SPR100 features an IF bandwidth of up to 10MHz. This allows even very short signal pulses to be captured since the receiver displays the wide bandwidth of 10MHz in a single spectrum around the set center frequency without any scanning being required. The widest IF bandwidth of 10MHz yields the widest spectral display; the narrowest IF bandwidth of 1kHz yields maximum sensitivity. The IF spectrum is digitally calculated using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The use of FFT computation at the IF offers a major advantage: The receiver sensitivity and signal resolution are clearly superior to those of a conventional analog receiver at the same spectral display width.

fs
or

BWIF spectrum

= const

fs = BWIF spectrum const The value of the constant is dependent on the selected IF bandwidth, i.e. it may vary as a function of the IF bandwidth. For an IF bandwidth of BWIF spectrum = 10kHz, the constant has a value of 1.28. Therefore, to display a 10kHz IF spectrum, a sampling rate of fs = 12.8 kHz is required.

Block diagram of digital signal processing

Normal (clear/write)

Average Bandpass lter DDC IF spectrum 10 kHz to 10 MHz A D Average Bandpass lter DDC Demodulation bandwidths 150 Hz to 500 kHz ABS Max. peak RMS FFT Max. hold Min. hold

Display IF spectrum LAN

9 kHz to 30 MHz 21.4 MHz IF3

Level measurement

Display and LAN

Sample Lowpass lter AGC DEM

Analog audio Digital audio via LAN I/Q data via LAN

MGC

20

The R&SPR100 uses an FFT length N of 2048 points to generate the IF spectrum. To calculate these points, the 12.8kHz sampling band in the above example is divided into 2048 equidistant frequency slices, which are also referred to as bins (see figure Signal processing for IF spectrum). The bandwidth BWbin of the frequency slices is obtained as follows:
BW bin = fS 12.8 kHz = = 6.25 Hz 2048 2048

The quantity NF represents the overall noise figure of the receiver. The above example shows that, due to the use of the FFT, the actual resolution bandwidth (RBW) to be taken into account in DNL calculation is clearly smaller (i.e. BWbin) than would be expected for the wide display range of 10kHz. Another advantage of the high spectral resolution used in the FFT calculation is that signals located close together (e.g. f1, f2, f3) can be captured and represented in the IF spectrum as discrete signals (see figure Signal display in IF spectrum). If, on an analog receiver, a resolution bandwidth equal to the set IF bandwidth were selected (RBW = BWIFspectrum), a sum signal fsum would be displayed instead of the three discrete signals f1, f2 and f3.

This means that in the above example only the calculated bandwidth of 6.25Hz for each bin has to be taken into account as the noise bandwidth in the calculation of the displayed noise level (DNL) in accordance with the formula below (the effect of the window function (Blackman window) of the FFT is not considered here for simplicitys sake): DNL = 174 dBm + NF + 10 log(BWbin/Hz) Signal processing for IF spectrum
a in dBV

n=1 6.4 5 fRX 10 kHz 12.8 kHz 5

n = 2048 6.4 Frequency in kHz

Actual sampling bandwidth compared with selected IF bandwidth.

Signal display in IF spectrum

a Input signal IF spectrum a IF bandwidth

f1 a Input signal

f2

f3

f IF spectrum a

f1

f2

f3

f1

f2

f3

fsum

Signal resolution in IF spectrum with digital and analog receiver concept. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 21

Analog

IF bandwidth

Digital

Panorama scan
The receivers maximum FFT bandwidth of 10MHz makes it possible to perform extremely fast scans across a wide frequency range (panorama scan). For this purpose, frequency windows of max. 10MHz width are linked in succession, so that the complete, predefined scan range is traversed (see figure Signal processing in panorama scan mode). As is done for the IF spectrum, an FFT is used to process the broad window with a finer resolution. The width of the frequency window and the FFT length (number of FFT points) are variable and are selected by the receiver. In the panorama scan mode, the user can select among 12resolution bandwidths from 125Hz to 100kHz. The resolution bandwidth corresponds to the width of the frequency slices (bin width) mentioned under IF spectrum above. Based on the selected bin width and start and stop frequency, the R&SPR100 automatically determines the required FFT length and the width of the frequency window for each scan step. The receiver selects these internal parameters so that the optimum scan speed is achieved for each resolution bandwidth (see figure Resolution in panorama scan mode).

In the panorama scan mode, the resolution bandwidth of 100kHz yields the maximum scan speed, while the resolution bandwidth of 125Hz yields maximum sensitivity. The resolution bandwidth (bin width) for the panorama scan (selectable between 125Hz and 100kHz) therefore corresponds to the resolution bandwidth (BWbin) used in the DNL calculation for the IF spectrum (see DNL formula under IF spectrum above), and can be used for calculating the DNL for the panorama scan. Moreover, the user selects the resolution bandwidth to obtain the desired frequency resolution (see figure Bin width and channel spacing). The above explanations show that the use of digital signal processing in a monitoring receiver offers decisive advantages. Extremely high sensitivity (due to very fine resolution) combined with a broad spectral overview and high scan speed significantly increases the probability of intercept in comparison with an analog receiver.

Signal processing in panorama scan mode

a in dBV max. 10 MHz FFT window 1 n=1 FFT window 2 n=X FFT window n

fstart

fstop Frequency in MHz

Basic sequence of steps in fast panorama scan mode.

Resolution in panorama scan mode

a in dBV max. 10 MHz

Bin width and channel spacing

Points for FFT calculation a in dBV

n=1

n=X

Bin width Channel spacing

Frequency in MHz Bin width: min. 125 Hz max. 100 kHz

f1

f2

Frequency in MHz

Signal frequencies Selecting a 12.5kHz bin width to capture a radio service using 12.5kHz channel spacing.

Selecting the panorama scan resolution by varying the bin width.

22

R&SHE300 active directional antenna

The antenna has four plug-in modules that cover an extremely wide frequency range from 9kHz to 7.5GHz. Three of these modules, which cover the range from 20MHz to 7.5GHz, are supplied with the antenna. The optional R&SHE300HF antenna module covers the lower frequency range from 9kHz to 20MHz.

Portable monitoring and measuring system

The R&SHE300 active directional antenna and the R&SPR100 portable receiver together form a powerful receiving system for locating transmitters. The portable and lightweight instrument combination can perform measurements in buildings or in rough terrain that even four-wheel-drive vehicles cannot access. The cost-effective monitoring system, featuring position finding and level measurement, offers another decisive advantage: It can be transported and deployed relatively inconspicuously. For long-term monitoring at fixed locations, the antenna can be mounted on a tripod. The connecting thread on the grip piece matches the mounting bolts of conventional camera tripods. A built-in, switchable low-noise amplifier further e nhances system sensitivity at low signal field strength, increasing the probability of intercept (active mode). In the passive mode, the amplifier is bypassed, so that the antenna can also be used in the vicinity of strong signal sources.

Ergonomic design for practical use

The design of the grip piece and the control elements underwent extensive ergonomic testing by experienced designers. The antenna modules are exchangeable; the required module is plugged into the grip piece in accordance with the desired polarization, and mechanically locked. All R&SHE300 components plus the optional R&SHE300HF antenna module and the R&SPR100 receiver are accommodated in a rugged hard-shell transit case, which is supplied with the antenna and offers appropriate protection even under the harshest transport conditions.

9 kHz to 20 MHz.

20 MHz to 200 MHz.

200 MHz to 500 MHz.

500 MHz to 7.5 GHz.

Antenna factor of the R&SHE300 in active mode

40 35

Antenna factor in dB/m

30 25 20 15 10 5 10
7

200 MHz to 500 MHz antenna module

Specifications in brief of the R&SHE300

Frequency range Antenna module1 Antenna module2 Antenna module3 HFantenna module (optional) Polarization VSWR RFoutput Power supply Overall weight Operating weight 20MHz to 200MHz 200MHz to 500MHz 500MHz to 7.5 GHz 9 kHz to 20 MHz linear typ. < 2.5 Nconnector rechargeable cells or batteries approx. 6kg (including transit case) < 1kg (grip piece with one module)

20 MHz to 200 MHz antenna module 10

8

500 MHz to 7.5 GHz antenna module 10

9

10

10

Frequency in Hz

Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 23

Specifications in brief
Specifications in brief
RF data Frequency range RF input Impedance Preselection 9 kHz to 30 MHz 20 MHz to 1.5 GHz 1.5 GHz to 7.5 GHz IF data IF spectrum display range 1 kHz to 10 MHz, 1/2/5/10/20/50/100/200/500 kHz, 1/2/5/10 MHz normal (clear/write), average, max. hold, min. hold 150/300/600 Hz, 1.5/2.4/6/9/15/30/50/120/150/250/300/500 kHz AM, FM, PULSE, I/Q LSB ISB CW user-selectable up to 200 channels/s 1024, user-programmable up to 150 channels/s user-selectable 125/250/500/625 Hz, 1.25/2.5/3.125/6.25/12.5/25/50/100 kHz up to 2 GHz/s 50 30 MHz lowpass filter tuned bandpass filters highpass/lowpass filter combination 9 kHz to 7.5 GHz

Display modes IF demodulation bandwidths Demodulation modes 15 filters (specified values indicate 3 dB bandwidth) all demodulation bandwidths demodulation bandwidth 9 kHz demodulation bandwidth 15 kHz demodulation bandwidth 9 kHz Scan modes Frequency scan (FScan) Memory scan (MScan) Panorama scan (PScan) start and stop frequency, step width scan speed memory locations scan speed start and stop frequency resolution bandwidths (bin widths) scan speed (RBW = 100 kHz, measurement time = 500 s, IF spectrum = normal, clear/write, display mode = IF spectrum) DF mode Frequency range DF method Display resolution 20 MHz to 173 MHz 173 MHz to 6 GHz selectable

20 MHz to 6 GHz Watson-Watt correlative interferometer 0.1 or 1

For data sheet, see PD 5213.9870.22 and www.rohde-schwarz.com

The Bluetooth word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Rohde&Schwarz is under license. WiMAX Forum is a registered trademark of the WiMAX Forum. WiMAX, the WiMAX Forum logo, WiMAX Forum Certified, and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum.

24

Ordering information
Designation
Base unit Portable Receiver R&SPR100 4079.9011.02 IF spectrum (max. 10 MHz), spectrogram (waterfall display), 6-cell lithium-ion battery, plug-in power supply, SD card for storing user settings, shoulder strap Documentation of Calibration Values R&SPR100-DCV 4071.9906.02 Software options Panorama Scan R&SPR100-PS 4071.9306.02 RF scan, high-speed FFT scan across user-selectable scan range, selectable spectral resolution (bin width) R&SPR100-IR 4071.9358.02 recording of measured data in the receiver (64 Mbyte RAM) or on SD card, r ecording of audio data in WAV format (replay using Windows Media Player, for example), recording of I/Q data, spectra and spectrogram (waterfall) data, R&SPR100-Control software for viewing measured data on customer PC R&SPR100-RC 4071.9406.02 remote control of receiver via LAN interface (SCPI protocol); transfer of measured data via LAN interface; transfer of demodulated I/Q data (up to 500 kHz bandwidth) via LAN interface; R&SPR100-Control software (for remote control, data recording and data playback via PC) R&SPR100-ETM an external sensor (not supplied with the receiver) triggers a measurement in the R&SPR100; the sensor is connected via the AUX interface R&SPR100-FS the field strength is calculated using antenna factors stored in the receiver; the receiver displays the field strength directly in dBV/m R&SPR100-FP

Type, description

Order No.

Internal Recording

Remote Control

Externally Triggered Measurements

4071.9458.02

Field Strength Measurement

4071.9506.02

SHF Frequency Processing for downconverter antennas

4071.9558.02

GPS Software Interface

the downconverter unit of the R&SHF907DC antenna is connected to the receiver via a control cable; the receiver recalculates the downconverted signals to display them with their original frequencies up to 18 GHz and with the sidebands in their original positions, thus relieving the user from having to convert signals subsequently (antenna and downconverter not supplied with the R&SPR100-FP option) R&SPR100-GPS 4071.9958.02 for data stream processing of external GPS module (GPS module not i ncluded in scope of delivery) R&SPR100-DF adds accurate direction finding functionality to the R&SPR100 receiver (DF antennas and cable set not included)

Direction Finder Upgrade Kit

4096.2805.02

Accessories Battery Pack Suitcase Kit R&SPR100-BP 6-cell lithium-ion battery, charging cradle, plug-in power supply R&SPR100-SC hard-shell transit case with headphones and telescopic antenna and extra space for accessories R&SHA-Z202 R&SHA-Z222 chest strap and rainproof cover Carrying Bag GPS Receiver R&SHA-Z220 soft carrying bag R&SHA-Z240 external GPS receiver for the R&SPR100 1309.6700.03 1309.6175.00 4071.9258.02 4071.9206.02

Vehicle Adapter Carrying Holster

1309.6117.00 1309.6198.00

Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 25

Designation
Active Directional Antenna

Type, description
R&SHE300 three antenna modules covering the range from 20 MHz to 7.5 GHz, grip piece housing switchable preamplifier, hard-shell transit case with extra space for R&SPR100 (model including mechanical compass) R&SHE300 three antenna modules covering the range from 20 MHz to 7.5 GHz, grip piece housing switchable preamplifier, hard-shell transit case with extra space for R&SPR100 (model including electronic compass and integrated GPS module) R&SHE300HF loop antenna from 9 kHz to 20 MHz for R&SHE300 active directional antenna

Order No.
4067.5900.02

Active Directional Antenna

4067.5900.03

HF Option for R&SHE300 SHF antenna and accessories SHF Directional Antenna with Downconverter Cable Set Tripod Adapter Carrying Case DF antennas and accessories Compact VHF/UHF DF Antenna Compact UHF/SHF DF Antenna Vehicle Adapter with Magnet Mount Wooden Tripod Cable Set with Converter

4067.6806.02

R&SHF907DC R&SHF907DC-K1 R&SHF907DC-Z1 R&SHF907DC-Z2 R&SADD107 R&SADD207 R&SADD17XZ3 R&SADD17XZ6 R&SADD17XZ5

4070.8006.02 4070.8958.02 4079.3113.02 4079.3207.02 4090.7005.02 4096.0002.02 4090.8801.02 4090.8860.02 4090.8660.02

Service options
Extended Warranty, one year Extended Warranty, two years Extended Warranty, three years Extended Warranty, four years Extended Warranty with Calibration Coverage, one year Extended Warranty with Calibration Coverage, two years Extended Warranty with Calibration Coverage, three years Extended Warranty with Calibration Coverage, four years R&SWE1PR100 R&SWE2PR100 R&SWE3PR100 R&SWE4PR100 R&SCW1PR100 R&SCW2PR100 R&SCW3PR100 R&SCW4PR100 Please contact your local Rohde&Schwarz sales office.

Your local Rohde&Schwarz expert will help you determine the optimum solution for your requirements. To find your nearest Rohde&Schwarz representative, visit www.sales.rohde-schwarz.com
26

R&SHA-Z202 vehicle adapter.

R&SHA-Z222 carrying holster incl. chest strap and rainproof cover.

R&SHA-Z220 soft carrying bag.

R&SPR100-SC suitcase kit, consisting of hardshell t ransit case (trolley case, w ith headphones and telescopic antenna and extra space for a ccessories).

R&SPR100-BP battery pack, consisting of 6-cell lithium-ion battery, charging cradle and plug-in power supply. Rohde&Schwarz R&SPR100 Portable Receiver 27

Service you can rely on

J Worldwide J Local

and personalized and flexible J Uncompromising quality J Long-term dependability

J Customized

About Rohde&Schwarz Rohde&Schwarz is an independent group of companies specializing in electronics. It is a leading supplier of solutions in the fields of test and measurement, broadcasting, radiomonitoring and radiolocation, as well as secure communications. Established more than 75 years ago, Rohde&Schwarz has a global presence and a dedicated service network in over 70countries. Company headquarters are in Munich, Germany. Environmental commitment Energy-efficient products Continuous improvement in environmental sustainability ISO14001-certified environmental management system

Certified Quality System

ISO 9001

Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG www.rohde-schwarz.com Regional contact Europe, Africa, Middle East | +4989412912345 customersupport@rohde-schwarz.com North America | 1888TESTRSA (18888378772) customer.support@rsa.rohde-schwarz.com Latin America | +14109107988 customersupport.la@rohde-schwarz.com Asia/Pacific | +6565130488 customersupport.asia@rohde-schwarz.com China | +868008108228/+864006505896 customersupport.china@rohde-schwarz.com
R&S is a registered trademark of Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners | Printed in Germany (sk) PD 5213.9870.12 | Version 06.02 | June 2012 | PR100 Data without tolerance limits is not binding | Subject to change 2009 - 2012 Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG | 81671 Mnchen, Germany

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