Problems on Thermodynamics Flow Processes 1. A gas flows through a horizontal, 30 cm inside diameter pipe at the rate of 1080 kg/min.

The pipe is at an elevation of ! m a"ove a reference plane. The pressure of the gas is #00 k$a when the "arometric pressure is #!0 mm %g. The densit& of the gas is 0.001' g/cc. a. (hat is the mass velocit& )kgs1m*+, -*! .'!. ". /etermine the linear velocit& )m s1+. -1!0.1'. c. 1valuate the different forms of energ& in k2kg1 of the gas that can possi"l& "e calculated from the given data. -( 3 !00 k2/kg4 $1 3 1 k2/kg4 51 3 1*.'# k2/kg. *. (ater at 1'6 and a pressure of 1.38 7$a is flowing through a #.' cm inside diameter pipe at the rate of 0.!# m3min1. The pipe is at an elevation of #! m a"ove a reference plane. /etermine8 a. 7ass velocit& )kgs1m*+ - *00 kg/m* ". 7ass flow rate )kgs1+ c. The value of the different forms of energ& that can possi"l& "e calculated from the given data ))2kg1+ 3. *.! kgs1 of a fluid enters a stead& flow s&stem with an initial pressure of 0.#0 7$a, densit& of 3.* kgm3, velocit& of 30 ms1, internal energ& of 18'0 k2kg1 and leaves with a pressure of 0.1 7$a, densit& of 0.8 kgm3, velocit& of 1!0 ms1, internal energ& of 1810 k2kg1. /uring passage through the open s&stem, each kg re9ects *! kg of heat. :ind shaft work involved in %$. . A centrifugal pump operating under stead& flow conditions *.* m3min1 of water with a specific volume of 0.001 m3kg1 from an initial pressure of 8 k$a to a final pressure of *80 k$a. The diameter of the suction inlet to the pump is 1! cm and the diameter of the discharge outlet is 10 cm. ;f the suction and discharge outlets are at the same level and no change in internal energ&, determine the work )%$+ done on the water "& the pump. !. Air flows steadil& at the arate of 30 kgmin1 through an air compressor entering at a velocit& of # ms1, a pressure of 100 k$a and a specific volume of 0.0! m3kg1. The internal energ& of the air leaving the compressor is 00 k2kg1 greater than that of the air entering. The air leaves at a velocit& of ! ms1, #00 k$a and a specific volume of 0.10 m3kg1. 6ooling water in the compressor 9ackets a"sor"s heat from the air at the rate of !8 k(. 6alculate8 a. The rate of shaft work in k(. ". The ratio of inlet pipe diameter to outlet pipe diameter. '. ;n a steam power station, steam flows steadil& through a 0.* m diameter pipeline from the "oiler to the tur"ine. At the "oiler end, the steam is at 006 at a

pressure of 7$a. At the tur"ine entr&, the steam is at 30*6 at a pressure of 3.! 7$a. There is a heat loss of 8.! k2kg1 from the pipeline. 6alculate the steam flow rate in kg/s. #. <team is supplied to a tur"ine at 1.38 7$a, with an initial internal energ& of *#0 k2/kg, specific volume of 0.1'!! m3kg1 and a velocit& of 1** m/s. 1=haust steam is at '.0 k$a with internal energ& of *1!0 k2/kg, specific volume of 18.31' m3kg1 and a velocit& of 33! m/s. The heat loss from the steam is *3 k2/kg. >eglecting potential energ& change, determine8 a. (ork delivered in k2/kg ". <team flow rate in kg/hr if the tur"ine delivers 100 %$ c. Temperature of entering steam 8. <team enters an adia"atic nozzle at 13#8 k$a, a velocit& of 3.0! m/s, a specific volume of 0.1 # m3kg1 and a specific internal energ& of *!10 k2/kg. The e=it conditions are 13#.8 k$a, specific volume of 1.000 m3kg1 and internal energ& of **'3 k2/kg. /etermine8 a. 1=it velocit& of stream ". ?atio of inlet diameter to e=it diameter