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CONJOINT BOARD OF THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS IN IRELAND __________________________ OLLSCOIL na hIREANN THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND _________________________________ FOUNDATION YEAR SEMESTER II EXAMINATION

MODULE 10 HUMAN SYSTEM IV SHORT ANSWER PAPER

June 2008 Time allowed for this Paper - 60 minutes ALL 8 QUESTIONS TO BE ATTEMPTED ALL QUESTIONS ARE WORTH EQUAL MARKS Read the instructions below before starting to answer this examination paper. __________________________

1. 2.

Write your Student ID Number in the space provided at the top of EACH SHEET. Write the answers to each question on the right hand side of this book: the left hand side is for rough work and will not be read by the Examiners. Each answer MUST be confined to the space allocated. No part of this book is to be torn off. Only ONE answer book will be supplied to candidates. This answer book will be collected by the Invigilators at the end of the examination. No candidate may remove an examination answer book from the Examination Hall.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Semester II - Module 10

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1.

Which of the following structures or terms in List A is correctly matched to a definition or function in List B? Very briefly, explain why you have made your choice in every case:

List A
Podocytes Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure Renal threshold Macula densa cells Renin

List B
Filtration 60mm Hg Glucose, 220mg / min Proximal convoluted tubule Angiotensin II

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2.

Haemodialysis is a method used to remove waste products from the blood when a patient has reached end stage renal failure. Define dialysis, differentiate between dialysis and osmosis and describe, in detail, the process of haemodialysis.

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3.

B-cells play an essential role in the specific immune response to antigen. Use drawings to clearly describe their role in this process.

Semester II - Module 10

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4.

Write short notes on the development of spermatagonia from the basement membrane to the lumen in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.

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5.

In relation to the structure below:

R HN S N O CO2H O

(i)

What is this type of -lactam antibiotic called?

(ii)

Highlight, using a circle, the -lactam part of this molecule and indicate, with an arrow, the bond which is hydrolysed, upon reaction of these molecules with their target enzyme. Explain how and why the pharmacological properties of these molecules can be modified.

(iii)

(iv)

Which structural features of these molecules favour their reaction with their target enzyme?

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6.

Briefly, name, describe the secretion, and explain the action of the following types of adrenal hormones: a) Glucocorticoids; b) Mineralocorticoiods; c) Androgens.

A. Glucocorticoids:

B. Mineralocorticoids:

C. Androgens:

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7.

Describe the stages of development of the primordial follicle in the ovary. A drawing should be used to enhance your answer.

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8.

(a)

Fully LABEL the diagram below showing the mechanism of iodine transport and hormone secretion in the thyroid gland

8.

(b)

Using diagram above briefly describe the process of thyroid hormone production.

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