3. From Application to a Mobile, this trajectory is referred as AO-MT (Appl ication Originated - Mobile Terminated) 3.7.

1 OPERATION OF SMSC: The tasks of an SMSC can be described as: 1. Reception of text messages (SMS) from wireless network users. 2. Storage of text messages 3. Forwarding of text messages 4. Delivery of text messages (SMS) to wireless network users 5. Maintenance of unique time stamps in text messages When a user sends a text message (SMS message) to another user, the message gets stored in the SMSC (short message service center) which delivers it to the dest ination user when they are available. This is a store and forward option. An SMS center (SMSC) is responsible for handling the SMS operations of a wireles s network. When an SMS message is sent from a mobile phone, it will reach an SMS center first. The SMS center then forwards the SMS message towards the destinat ion. The main duty of an SMSC is to route SMS messages and regulate the process. The SMSC will store the SMS message if the recipient is unavailable (for exampl e, when the mobile phone is switched off). It will forward the SMS message when the recipient is available or when the message's expiry period is exceeded. 3.7.2 VALIDITY PERIOD OF AN SMS MESSAGE: An SMS message is stored temporarily in the SMS center if the recipient mobile phone is unavailable. It is possible on most mobile handset to specify an expiry period after which the SMS message will be deleted from the SMS center. Once deleted, the SMS message will no longer be available for dispatch to the recipient mobile phone (even if it becomes online ). The validity period should be regarded by the handset user as a request, as t he SMSC itself can be configured to ignore or otherwise handle message delivery schedules. 3.8 IN (Intelligent Network): This is the standard network architecture specifie d in the ITU-T. It is intended for fixed as well as mobile telecom networks. It allows operators to differentiate themselves by providing value-added services i n addition to the standard telecom services such as PSTN, ISDN and GSM services on mobile phones. The intelligence is provided by network nodes on the service layer, distinct fro m the switching layer of the core network, as opposed to solutions based on inte lligence in the core switches or telephone equipment. The IN nodes are typically owned by telecommunications operators (telecommunications service providers). IN is supported by the Signaling System number 7 (SS7) protocol between telephon e network switching centers and other network nodes owned by network operators. 3.8.1 IN FUNCTIONAL MODEL: This contains 4 blocks as there shown in figure below . In the architecture of IN, a service management system (SMS) is used to suppor t technical management. One of the SMS s major functions is to supervise the netwo rk s service control points (SCPs) at network level; whereas one or several servic e provision points (SPPs) can be connected to the SMS to perform specialized com mercial management functions. SSP is service switching point which performs all the switching functions of IN model. IN is called as intelligent because it perf orms its task smartly.

Fig 3.8 IN functional model 3.8.2 EXAMPLES OF IN SERVICES: The services provided by IN are Call screening, T elephone number portability, Toll free calls, Prepaid calling, Account card call ing, Virtual private networks (such as family group calling), Private-number pla ns, Mass-calling service, Prefix free dialing from cell phones abroad, Seamless MMS message access from abroad, Reverse charging, Home Area Discount, Premium Ra te calls, Call distribution based on various criteria associated with the call, Location Based Routing, Time-based routing, Proportional call distribution (such as between two or more call centers or offices), Call queuing and Call transfer etc.

CHAPTER-4 OPTIMISATION, KPI s AND OMCR 4.1 OPTIMISATION: The aim of optimization is to maximize the quality of service (QoS) of the GSM network. In the order to measure this we need to measure QoS, c ompare the measured value with the desired value, and then take steps to correct the causes of any deviations from the desired value. The goal is to reach or ex ceed the customers required level of performance. Optimization is used to examin e the following criteria when tuning a cell: frequency planning; topology, cell dynamics (handover timers and margins); hotspot detection, database parameter an d antenna tilts. Optimization is traditionally undertaken immediately after the commissioning sta ge, or after a new frequency plan is introduced in a deployed network. Drive tes t statistics represent a small sample of the total calls on the network and can provide a useful indication of network quality. In order to provide a precise im itation of user traffic, the statistics obtained from the whole network through the OMC-R are a more accurate assessment of the quality of the network. Raw stat istics available from OMC-R is used to generate key statistics. This key statist ics will then be measured against the benchmark agreed with the customer. Optimization based on key statistics and advanced OMC optimization tools require s statistical data from the network; therefore the network must be carrying a si gnificant amount of traffic and we require drive test data, RF design parameters , database parameters and quality of service data to start the process of optimi zation. This service is performed as a continuous RF engineering activity for preventive maintenance. It ensures optimum network performance to meet the Quality of Serv ice targets of the customer. Quality of Service (QOS) targets as per the Operato rs specifications: Coverage of Service Area: Urban, Suburban, Roads or the Rural areas Call Success Rate Minimizing Handover failures Rx quality Improve Speech Quality Index for higher Network quality Satisfied customers resulting in low churn Efficient network utilization Reduced investment costs and increased revenue for the customers 4.1.1 OPTIMISATION SERVICES: There are following services provided by optimizati on. 4.1.1.1 Network Performance Statistics Analysis (Network Audit) and Optimization : Analysis of existing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and Development of new KPIs for management.

4.1.1.2 Network Parameter Audit and Optimization: Fine tune radio parameters, e .g., power control, handover parameters, etc, neighbor list audit, unwanted and missing neighbors, co-channel neighbor s identification, etc. 4.1.1.3 Hardware Performance: Misaligned Antennas, Antenna Down tilt, Water In gress, Poorly Calibrated TRX, Wrongly Connected Feeders, etc. 4.1.1.4 Data Servicer Analysis, Test Evaluation and Optimization: Radio and Th roughput Analysis, Analysis of Radio, Baseband and Backhaul Capacity, Recommenda tion of Expansion Plan and Capacity Routing and Wi-Fi offload Strategies. 4.1.1.5 Benchmarking and Drive Test: Cell/Cluster Optimization Drive Testing, C ompetitor Network Benchmarking, Data Post Processing and Radio Coverage optimiza tion. 4.1.1.6 Frequency / Scrambling Code Planning: Identify Frequency / Code Plannin g Technique and Frequency / Code Re-planning. 4.1.1.7 Radio Network Interference Analysis: High Rise Optimization and 2G/3 an d Co-location Interference Issues. 4.1.2 KPI ANALYSIS: Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a measure of successful n etwork performance and its quality. With growing customer base and continuous ad dition of capacity and coverage sites, op