aimed THE MIDDLE PLATONISTS 80 BC. to AD. 220 Revised edition with a new afterword JOHN DILLON Cornell University Press Iehaca, New York© 1977, 1996 by John Dillon First published 1977 by Comell University Press ‘Cornell Paperbacks edition, with revisions Gd anew afzerword, published 1996, All rights reserved, Except for brief {quotations in a review this book, oF pars thereof, muse not be reproduced in any form. without permission in wring from the publisher. For information address Cornell University Pres, Sage House, 312 East State Stree, Ithaca, New York 14850 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data on Jon Pie Jo ons 80B.C. ASAD. 220 / John iflon.~ Re ed wihanew stereo Incades bibogophil ferences and index awe mietsios [Plot Tie Bains 196 18H-de20 961342 Printed in Great Britain Contents Prerace ABBREVIATIONS. 1. Tut Oup AcapeMy ano THe Themes of Mippie, Piarontsy A. Plato: The Unwritten Doctrines B. Speusippus (c. 407-339 8:63: 1. Life and Works 2. Philosophy (@) First Principles (b) Ethics (©) Logic and Theory of Knowledge (@ Theory of Number 3. Conclusion C. Xenocrates (596-314 8.c.) 1. Life and Works 2. Philosophy (@) Physics (i) First Principles (i) Triadic Division of the Universe (ii) Daemons (iv) Creation and Structure of the World (b) Ethics (© Logic and Theory of Knowledge (@) Pythagorism and Allegorizing 3+ Conclusion D. Polemon (¢. 350-267 8.0.) E, The Dominant Themes of Middle Platonism 1. Ethics 2. Physics 3. Logic 4 ConclusionContenes vil vi Contents ) Physics ve 2, Antiocius oF Ascaton: THe TURN TO Pythagorean First Principles 6 DooMatism 2 (i) The Physical World: Heaven and Earth 139, A. Life and Works: Sketch of Philosophical Development 53 Gi) The Composition and Nature of the Soul 131 B. Philosophy a © Logic 53 1. The Criterion of Certainty 6% B. Some Middle Platonic Scholastic Formulations 155 2. Ethies 9 | C. Philo 59 (a) The Basic Principle §) 1 Life and Works 49 (b) The ‘End of Goods’, or Supreme Good 70 2. Philosophy 8 (©) The Vireues 7 (@) The Criterion and the eelor 45 (@) The Passions 7 (b) Ethies 6 (©) Political Principles B @ General Principles 146 ‘The Ideal State 8 (ii) The Vireues 149 Gi) The Natural Law fo Gi) The Passions in 5. Physics a (iv) The Path to Vite: Nature, Instruction, (a) The Composition of the World 3 Practice ia (b) Fate and Free Will 84 (v) Politics 3 (©) The Gods 88 © Physics 15 (@ Divination 89 @ God and the World 155 (©) Daemons and Other Intermediate Beings ” (ii) The Ideas and the Logos 148 4. Psychology ” ii) The Powers 161 (@) Antiochus and the Theory of Ideas 9 (iv) A Female Creative Principle: Sophia 153 () The Immortality of the Soul 96 (wv) Other Powers 154 (©) The Structure of the Soul roa (vi) Free Will and Providence 156 5. Logie roa (vii) Cosmology 188 6. Rhetoric = (@) Triadic Division of the Universe 138 C. Conclusion bbe (6) The Elements 170 D. The Problem of Posidonius 13) ‘Daemons and Angels t 1. Life and Works 107 (x) Psychology 4 ‘2. Philosophy 108 (@) The Parts of the Soul 174 (@) Physics 14 (P) The Lamiurtality of die Soul 176 (b) The Soul 1g] @ Logic 8 (©) Ethics — @ The Theory of Categories 178 5. Conclusion my Gi) The Origins of Language: Etymology x80 3+ Conclusion 182 j. Puaronisa at ALExanpaia: Euponus anp Pxito 114 ‘A, Budoras of Alerandsla uy 4. Phurarch or CHAERONEIA AND THE OntaiNs oF 1 Life and Works uy Seconp-Century PLarontsa 184 2, Eudorus and Neopythagoreanism u7 A. Introductory 1s 3, Eudorus’ Philosophical Position war B. Life and Works Bs (@) Ethics =