FLOOD-RISK MANAGEMENT USING GIS: THE CASE OF VALENZUELA CITY, METRO MANILA (Note: not really sure about

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INTRODUCTION About Floods Floods are among the most frequent and costly natural disasters in terms of human hardship and economic loss. What causes floods? - Flooding occurs in known floodplains when prolonged rainfall over several days, intense rainfall over a short period of time, or an ice or debris jam causes a river or stream to overflow and flood the surrounding area.

Areas prone to flooding

Sectors affected by flooding PRODUCTIVE SECTORS - Agriculture - Enterprise Sector SOCIAL SECTORS - Housing Sector - Education Sector - Cultural Heritage - Health INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS - Electricity Sector (not sure about this) - Water Supply and Sanitation Sector - Flood Control and Drainage Management - Transport Sector - Telecommunications (not sure about this) Flooding and Urban Areas Flood hazards are natural phenomena, but damage and losses from floods are the consequence of human action. Urbanisation aggravates flooding by restricting where flood waters can go, covering large parts of the ground with roofs, roads and pavements, obstructing sections of natural channels and building drains that ensure that water moves to rivers faster than it did under natural conditions. As more people crowd into cities, so the effects intensify. As a result, even quite moderate storms produce high flows in rivers because there are more hard surfaces and drains. (Source: Action aid international 2006 About Valenzuela First class city 568, 928 (population as of 2007) 33 barangays

Flood experiences and impacts Flood damages in Valenzuela caused by typhoons and continuous heavy rains, 1990-2003, 2009 and 2011 Year of Occurrence Brgy 1990 1995 1997 1999 2000 2003 2009 (TS Ondoy) 28 2009 (TY 8 Pepeng) 2011 (TY 14 Pedring) Affected Families Persons Dead 3 976 4,392 1,194 9,970 10 50 2,107 8,919 68 340 1 1,599 8,106 8 615 3,215 1,718 6,872 Casualties Injured Missing Houses Damaged Totally Partially

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1. The chief executive said 15% of the city's land area always go through flooding during heavy downpour and these are the low-lying areas in the vicinity of the old Polo area. (Caia 2011) 2. During Ondoy, 17 schools damaged (Php 6,117,375.00) (NDCC 2009) 3. Hundreds of commuters were stranded in Valenzuela City when a downpour triggered a flash flood in Marulas on August 31, 2011. The McArthur Highway was quickly inundated. Some parts of the highway were already rendered impassable to light vehicles because of waist-deep floodwaters. (Gasgonia, 2011) 4. It isnt back to normal in Valenzuela City after the heavy rains. Classes (14 schools) were still suspended in some schools on Monday after floodwaters caused by the heavy rainfall brought by Typhoon Pedring have not completely subsided. The suspension, which applies to preschool and high school levels, would continue until the floods have completely subsided. The local government, meanwhile, is planning to declare a state of calamity in 16 barangays (villages), according to Ahna Mejia, chief public information officer. Although floodwaters have gone down, he said the declaration of a state of calamity would greatly facilitate rehabilitation efforts in these areas. The barangays represent 10 percent of the entire city and were the worst-affected by the heavy rains last week. Chest-deep floodwaters were reported in Balangkas and Palasan.

The other barangays that were heavily flooded were Dalandanan, Pulo, Pasolo, Coloong, Bisig, Malanday, Tagalag, Isla, Wawang Pulo, Poblacion, Arkong Bato, Rincon, Mabolo and Pariancillo Villa, according to Mejia. (Mangunay October 3, 2011) 5. Some parts of Metro Manila were flooded early Monday (June 18, 2012) in the wake of heavy rain that had been falling since Sunday night. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority noted floods rendered parts of Quezon, Valenzuela and Malabon Cities impassable to vehicles. In Valenzuela City, the McArthur Highway near Fatima had knee-deep floods. (GMA News 2012) Statement of the problem Flood risk management is one of the major concerns of Valenzuela City. In order to come up with adequate measures to address flooding and the problems associated with it, flood risk assessment is needed.

Objectives of the Study General to assess the flood risk in Valenzuela City in order to strengthen the ability of the LGU to respond to the flood risk and its associated problems Specific To determine high-risk or areas vulnerable to flood To identify measures being undertaken by the LGU to address flooding concerns To produce a GIS-based flood-risk management plan

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK / METHODOLOGY

DATA SETS NEEDED METHODS OF COLLECTING DATA DESIRED GOALS AND RESULTS