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Disinfection control
Merck disinfection and residue monitoring tests - 2010
In-process control of disinfectants ideally with Merckoquant test strips Quantitative results for Peroxide and Peracetic Acid with Reflectoquant Disinfectants and the range of suitable test kits
Chlorine Ozone Chlorine dioxide Hydrogen peroxide
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Glutardialdehyde
Disinfectant agent control in hospitals
Peroxide
Production equipment in food and beverage industries
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Determination of Peracetic Acid titration method vs. Merck Test Strips (1)
Complex titration
Solutions have to be prepared. A lot of glassware is required. Many handling steps.
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Remark: Peracetic Acid solutions are extremely unstable. Especially diluted solutions are stable for only a few hours and must be prepared freshly at least daily.
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Determination of Peracetic Acid titration method vs. Merck Test Strips (2)
Merckoquant Test Strips
- Take a test strip - Dip it briefly into the solution to be tested - Compare the test strip with the color scale and read off the corresponding concentration
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Determination of Peracetic Acid titration method vs. Merck Test Strips (3)
You prefer quantitative and documented tests? Use Reflectoquant test strips for disinfection control!
Step 1 Press on/off, select TEST and press START; reaction time is displayed. Step 3 5 sec before reaction ends insert strip into the adapter.
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Step 2 Dip test strip into sample solution and at the same time press START again. Step 4 Read off result from display.
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Determination of Peracetic Acid titration method vs. Merck Test Strips (4)
item # Handling Graduation or measuring range Merckoquant Peracetic Acid test strips (semi-quantitative results):
1100840001
1100010001
1179220001
1169760001
15 s
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MR 75 - 400 mg/l
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Determination of Peracetic Acid titration method vs. Merck Test Kits (5)
Titration method:
Complex titration Preparation of solutions. A lot of glassware is required. Many handling steps. Very time consuming approx. 10 - 15 min for one result (without preparation time)
In the health care industry, glutaraldehyde is most often used to disinfect equipment that cannot be heat sterilized such as dialysis instruments, surgical instruments, suction bottles, bronchoscopes, endoscopes, and ear, nose, and throat instruments. The chemical is most often used in a diluted form with solutions ranging from 0.1% to 50% glutaraldehyde in water.
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NEW
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1.17925.0001 Merckoquant Chlorine Test * 1.17924.0001 Merckoquant Chlorine Test 1.10084.0001 Merckoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 1.10001.0001 Merckoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 1.17922.0001 Merckoquant Peracetic Acid Test * 1.10011.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test * 1.10081.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test * 1.10337.0001 Merckoquant Peroxide Test *
NEW
5 10 20 30 50 mg/l 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 mg/l 500 1000 1500 2000 mg/l 0.5 2 5 10 25 mg/l 1 3 10 30 100 mg/l 100 200 400 600 800 1000 mg/l
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* Low ranges to control the residuals * High ranges to control the effectiveness
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Disinfectants kill present unwanted micro organisms in water. There are various different types of disinfectants: Chlorine (dose 2-10 mg/L) Chlorine dioxide Ozone Hypochlorite
Every disinfection technique has its specific advantages and its own application area. In the table below some of the advantages and disadvantages are shown:
Technology Ozone UV Chlorine dioxide Chlorine gas Hypochlorite
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Environmen- Byproducts Effectivity Investment Operational Fluids Surfaces tally friendly costs
+ ++ +/--+ ++ +/--++ + ++ Disinfection control
+/++ + +
+ ++ + ++ ++
++ + ++ +/+/-
++ ++ ---Page 20
Chlorine is one of the most commonly used disinfectants for water disinfection. Added to water in minute quantities, it quickly kills bacteria and other microbes. Chlorine has the major advantage of ensuring clean water right up to the tap, whereas the action of other disinfectants - such as ozone, ultraviolet light and ultrafiltration - is only temporary. Chlorine helps remove tastes and odours, controls the growth of slime and algae in mains pipes and storage tanks, and helps to remove unwanted nitrogen compounds from water. Chlorine is also used for applications, such as swimming pool water and wastewater.
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1.14978.0001 1.14976.0001
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Measurement of low chlorine concentrations in bottled drinking drinking water according EU limits
Disinfectant Concentration of disinfectant after purification Type of test which can be used Aquaquant Chlorine max. 0.3 mg/l Cl2 min. 0.1 mg/l Cl2 Microquant 1.14978.0001 Order no. Measuring range / graduation 0.01 - 0.025 - 0.045 - 0.06 0.08 - 0.1 - 0.15 - 0.2 - 0.3 mg/l Cl2 0.1 - 0.2 - 0.3 - 0.4 - 0.6 0.8 - 1.0 - 1.5 - 2.0 mg/l Cl2 No. of determinations 300
1.14434.0001
600
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Use kits in In-Process control in Food & Beverage industries without any risk
Unbreakable test vessels No contamination of products with broken glass pieces.
Microquant test
NEW
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The Aquaquant system The specialist for: Flexibility of use Highly sensitive analysis thanks to long-tube tests with a large optical path length down to ppb range Less sensitive measuring ranges covered by a short-tube test with a small optical path length Colour cards of a high print quality
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NEW These refill packs are suitable for use with both the Microquant tests and the Aquaquant tests (short-tube and long-tube versions). The bottles fit directly in the corresponding original Microquant or Aquaquant test kit. Each new refill pack has been assigned a uniform item packaging number, namely the .0002 suffix.
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Chlorine
1.00598.0002 1.00598.0001
Picco
Multy
NOVA 60
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Free chlorine
1.00598.0002 1.00598.0001 1.00595.0001 200 Tests 1200 Tests 200 Tests 200 Tests 1200 Tests each 100 Tests each 100 Tests 0.010 6.00 mg/l 0.010 6.00 mg/l 0.03 6.00 mg/l 0.010 6.00 mg/l 0.010 6.00 mg/l 0.010 6.00 mg/l 0.03 6.00 mg/l reagent test reagent test cell test reagent test reagent test reagent test cell test
Total chlorine
1.00602.0001 1.00602.0002 1.00599.0001 1.00597.0001
Important: when measuring both, free and total chlorine use the same glass ware and glass cuvette for measuring!
After each determination of total chlorine rinse the cell with sulfuric acid 25 % and subsequently several times with distilled water. When glass ware as same as cells are not good cleaned, remaining KI will react immediately with the total chlorine too when measuring the free chlorine and therefore the result of free chlorine are too high and the total chlorine too low. Therefore used glassware and cells must be carefully cleaned.
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What happens if I have to work in the field / drinking water sampling stations and it is raining? What happens if I have to work in humid environments in the production? Will the powder get wet?
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Order No.
1.00598 / 1.00599 / 1.00602
Measuring range
0.02 5.00 mg/l Cl2 (free and total)
SQ Ozone Test
1.00607
0.02 3.40 mg/l O3 0.05 9.50 mg/l ClO2 2 - 160 mg/l Cyanuric Acid 6.4 8.8
Absorption Measurement
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- 0,100 - 2,500 A
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Highlights: Waterproof Automatic Switch-Off Real-Time-Clock and Date Calibration Mode Backlit Display Storage Function
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Complete, portable and flexible solution comes with a case and can be used with mains or power pack (rechargeable batteries), all accessories are included. SQ Multy enables to perform a broad range of parameters on one instrument. Advantage: Documentation of the results via PC or printer.
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Easy to handle because of bar-code reading and stored blank values Automatically identification system also for rectangular cell sizes (10, 20 and 50 mm) Low concentration measurements by using 50 mm cells Analytical Quality Assurance system Documentation of the results via PC or printer Open and flexible systems for the future
Spectroquant NOVA 60
Spectroquant Pharo
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MERCKs Spectroquant System and its professional Analytical Quality Assurance (AQA) concept make internal quality control operations reliable and secure
Chargenzertifikat
Lot Certificate / Certificado del lote
Spec troquant CSB-Kvettentest Spec troquant COD Cell Test / Spectroquant Te st en cubetas DQO
Art.Nr. / Cat.No. / Art. Nro. 1.145 40.00 01 n = 10
S ollw ert Target v alue / Valor nom inal (S tandard / P atrn) m g/l CS B/C OD/DQ O Messergebniss Result / Resultado (Standard / P atrn) m g/l CS B/CO D/D QO
Charge-N r. / Lot no. / Lote nro. Verwendbarkeit E xpiry date / Fecha de caducidad Standard / Patrn Photom eter / Fotm etro
11 27 40 57 69 92 105 120 136 149 Charg enw ert Lot va lue / Va lor de l lote 0,9 9 1
W ellenlnge / W avelength / Longitud de onda 445 nm Kvette / C ell / C ubeta Prfer / Tester / V erificador Datum / D ate / Fecha D atei / File / Fichero 16 m m rund / round / redonda Fr. Orth 23.03.2004 114540_OC 24538 0
K alibrierfunktion / Calibration Function / Funcin de calibracin Steigung / Slope / P endiente + /- Tolerance / Tolerancia
Ordinatenabschnitt / O rdinate segm ent / Intersecto en ordenadas Reag.blindw ert / Reagent blank / V alor en blanco del react + /- Tolerance / Tolerancia
1 ,6 00 0,0 20 4 mg/l
Verfah rens sta nd ard ab weich ung / Standard d ev iation of proc edu re / Des viac i n es tn d ar de l p roc ed im iento
Verfahrensstandardabweichung / S tandard deviation of procedure / D esviacin estndar del proc edim iento V erfahrensvariationskoeffizient / Coefficient of variation of procedure / C oeficiente de v ariacin del proced im iento
2,5 %
1,4%
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Ozone can be applied as a disinfectant Ozone can also aid the removal of contaminants from water by means of oxidation. Ozone then purifies water by breaking up organic contaminants and converting inorganic contaminants to an insoluble form that can be filtered out. The Ozone system can remove up to twenty-five contaminants. Chemicals that can be oxidized with ozone are:
Absorbable organic halogens (AOX) Nitrite Iron Manganese Cyanide Pesticides Nitrogen oxides Odorous substances Chlorinated hydrocarbons
PCB's
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Disinfectant
Order no.
Measuring range / graduation 0 - 0.15 - 0.35 - 0.50 - 0.70 1.4 - 2.7 - 5 - 7 - 10 mg/l O3
Ozone
1.18758.0001
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Ozone
1.18755.0001
0.00 - 0.007 - 0.017 - 0.030 0.040 - 0.055 - 0.070 - 0.10 0.14 - 0.20 mg/l O3
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Ozone
1.00607.0001 1.00607.0002
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ClO2 is used principally as a primary disinfectant for surface waters with odor and taste problems. It is an effective biocide at concentrations as low as 0.1 ppm and over a wide pH range. ClO2 penetrates the bacterial cell wall and reacts with vital amino acids in the cytoplasm of the cell to kill the organisms. The by-product of this reaction is chlorite. Chlorine dioxide disinfects according to the same principle as chlorine, however, as opposed to chlorine, chlorine dioxide has no harmful effects on human health.
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Measurement of higher chlorine dioxide concentrations in bottled drinking water according EU limits
Disinfectant Maximum concentration of disinfectant Type of test which can be used Aquaquant Chlorine dioxide 0.4 mg/l ClO2 Microquant 1.18756.0001 Order no. Measuring range / graduation No. of determinations 300
1.18754.0001
0.00 - 0.020 - 0.050 - 0.075 0.010 - 0.15 - 0.20 - 0.30 0.40 - 0.55 mg/l ClO2 0.00 - 0.50 - 0.90 - 1.4 - 1.9 3.8 - 7.5 - 13 - 19 - 28 mg/l ClO2
100
1.18756.0001 1.18754.0001
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Measurement of low chlorine dioxide concentrations in bottled drinking water according EU limits
Concentration of disinfectant after purification max. 0.20 mg/l ClO2 min. 0.05 mg/l ClO2
Order no.
Measuring range / graduation 0.00 - 0.020 - 0.050 - 0.075 0.010 - 0.15 - 0.20 - 0.30 0.40 - 0.55 mg/l ClO2
1.18754.0001
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Chlorine dioxide
1.00608.0001
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Hydrogen peroxide is widely used thanks to its properties It is a safe, effective, powerful and versatile oxidant. The main applications of H2O2 are oxidation to aid odour control and corrosion control, organic oxidation, metal oxidation and toxicity oxidation. Food & Beverage industry: aseptic filling of food and beverages Pharma & hospitals: Sterilization of certain thermolabile medical devices and surgical instruments The most difficult pollutants to oxidize may require H2O2 to be activated with catalysts such as iron, copper, manganese or other transition metal compounds.
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Peroxide
1.14731.0001 1.18789.0001
25 100
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Test Merckoquant Peroxide Test Merckoquant Peroxide Test Merckoquant Peroxide Test Reflectoquant Peroxide Test Reflectoquant Peroxide Test
Graduation
0.5 2 5 10 25 mg/l 1 3 10 30 100 mg/l 100 200 400 600 800 1000 mg/l 0.2 20.0 mg/l 100 1000 mg/l
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Make your choice for your disinfection control from Mercks test kits evaluation systems!
Visual Methods
Test strips
Merckoquant
Colorimetric tests
Microquant Aquaquant
Quantitative Methods
Photometry Reflectometry
Reflectoquant Spectroquant
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END
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Back up
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Spectroquant Chlorine liquid reagents Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPD) Important hint for both, free and total chlorine:
Very high chlorine concentrations in the sample produce yellow-coloured solutions (measurement solution should be red) and false-low readings are yielded. In such cases the sample must be diluted (plausibility check).
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Chlorine dioxide is an oxidizing biocide and not a metabolic toxin. Chlorine dioxide kills micro organisms by disruption of the transport of nutrients across the cell wall, not by disruption of a metabolic process. Stabilised chlorine dioxide is ClO2 buffered in an aqueous solution. Adding an acid to the required concentration activates the disinfectant.
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The effectiveness of chlorine dioxide is at least as high as chlorines, though at lower concentrations. And there are more important advantages:
1. The bactericidal efficiency is relatively unaffected by pH values between 4 and 10; 2. Chlorine dioxide is clearly superior to chlorine in the destruction of spores, bacteria's, viruses and other pathogen organisms on an equal residual base; 3. The required contact time for ClO2 is lower; 4. Chlorine dioxide has better solubility; 5. No corrosion associated with high chlorine concentrations. Reduces long term maintenance costs; 6. Chlorine dioxide does not react with NH3 or NH4+; 7. It destroys THM precursors and increases coagulation; 8. ClO2 destroys phenols and has no distinct smell; 9. It is better at removing iron and magnesia compounds than chlorine, especially complex bounds
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Chemical oxidation processes use (chemical) oxidants to reduce COD/BOD levels, and to remove both organic and oxidisable inorganic components. The processes can completely oxidise organic materials to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, although it is often not necessary to operate the processes to this level of treatment. A wide variety of oxidation chemicals are available. Examples are:
Hydrogen peroxide Ozone Combined ozone & peroxide Oxygen
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Oxygen can be applied as an oxidant, for instance to realize the oxidation of iron and manganese. The reactions that occur during oxidation by oxygen are usually quite similar. These are the reactions of the oxidation of iron and manganese with oxygen: 2 Fe2+ + O2 + 2 OH- -> Fe2O3 + H2O 2 Mn2+ + O2 + 4 OH- -> 2 MnO2 + 2 H2O
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Hypochlorite is applied in the same way as chlorine dioxide and chlorine. Hypo chlorination is a disinfection method that is not used widely anymore, since an environmental agency proved that the Hypochlorite for disinfection in water was the cause of bromate consistence in water.
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barcode reading for ALL types of cells For standard work no additional software necessary