Enthalpy Homework 1 1. The diagram shows the distribution of kinetic energies in a sample of gas at 20C.

number of molecules kinetic energy of the molecules (kJ)

a) Copy the diagram and add another line to show the kinetic energy distribution of the molecules at 30C. 1 b) raw a line to represent the acti!ation energy of a reaction which is slow at 20C. 1 c) "ith reference to the completed diagram e#plain why an increase of temperature of 10C can lead to a large increase in reaction rate. 2 2. "hat is meant by the term $acti!ation energy%& 1 3. "hat is meant by the term $acti!ated comple#'& (.
Potential energy (kJ)

reaction pathway

a)i) )s this an endothermic or an e#othermic process& ii) *#plain your answer. b) "hat is the !alue of+ i) the acti!ation energy for the forward reaction& ii) the enthalpy change for the reaction& iii) the energy of the acti!ated comple#&

1 1 1 1 1

c) The reaction shown can be speeded up by the use of a suitable catalyst. "hat effect does a catalyst ha!e on i) the enthalpy change for the reaction& ii) the acti!ation energy for the forward reaction 24)5g) 425g) 6 )25g) ,.

1 1

The reaction abo!e is re!ersible. The acti!ation energy for the forward reaction is -0 k. and the re!erse reaction is ,0 k.. a) /n the graph paper shown below how the potential energy !aries as the reaction proceeds. 1 0
140
Potential 100 energy (kJ)

120

!0 0 40 20 0
reaction pathway

reactants

b) )s the forward reaction is e#othermic or endothermic. c) 0old and platinum both catalyse the reaction. 1or the forward reaction *2 using gold is 30 k.3 while *2 using platinum is 20 k..

i) using different dotted lines add this information to the graph. 2 ii) which is the better catalyst for the reaction& *#plain your choice. 2 d) The gold and platinum catalysts are used in the solid state. 2re the catalysts heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysts& *#plain your choice 2 "otal # 20 marks

Enthalpy Homework 2 1. 2n oil company leaflet on 78nleaded 9otoring% gi!es the following ad!ice. $Cars fitted with catalytic con!erters must use unleaded petrol only' *#plain the reason for this ad!ice. 2 2. a) escribe in terms of adsorption how a heterogeneous catalyst works. b) escribe how a catalyst poison stops a catalyst working. 1 3.
Potential energy (kJ)

!00 00 400 200

$eaction pathway

a) "hat is the acti!ation energy for i) the forward reaction ii) the back reaction& 2 b) "hat is the enthalpy change for the formation of products& 1 c) )s this reaction endothermic or e#othermic& *#plain your answer. 1 d) /n the diagram and add a dotted line to show the effect of using a catalyst. 1 e) 9ark with an % the position where the acti!ated comple# would be formed. 1

(. The effect of temperature on reaction rate can be studied using the reaction between o#alic acid and acidified potassium permanganate solution.

5a) "hat colour change would indicate that the reaction was complete&1 5b) 2 student's results are shown on the graph below.

5i)

8se the graph to calculate the reaction time3 in s3 at (0 oC. 1

5ii) "hy is it difficult to obtain an accurate titration time when the reaction is carried out at room temperature& 1 "otal # 12 marks

Enthalpy Homework & 1. a) "rite a balanced e:uation for the complete combustion of propane. 1 1 b) 8sing the enthalpy of combustion of butane gi!en in the data booklet calculate the amount of heat energy gi!en out when ,., g of propane is completely burned. 2 2. Calculate the temperature rise when ,00 cm3 of water at 1-C is heated by completely burning 2.2 g of propane. 52ssume no heat losses. Take the specific heat capacity of water to be (.1- k. kg ;1 oC;13 and use the heat of combustion of propane gi!en in the data booklet). 3 3. "hen 0.1 g of ethanol 5C24,/4) is burned in o#ygen the heat energy gi!en out raised the temperature of ,00 cm3 of water from 20.3oC to 21.<oC. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion3 in k. mol=13 of ethanol. 3 (. "hen 10g of potassium bromide 5>?r) was dissol!ed in water the temperature of 100 cm3 of water fell from 20.1oC to 1,.@oC. 8sing this data along with the specific heat capacity of water gi!en in the data booklet3 calculate the enthalpy of solution of potassium bromide. 3 ,. "hen 100cm3 of 1 mol l=1 hydrochloric acid was reacted with 100cm 3 of 1 mol l=1 potassium hydro#ide the temperature of the mi#ture rose by A.,oC. Calculate the enthalpy of neutralisation. 3 A. The enthalpies of combustion of methanol 5C4 3/4)3 ethanol 5C24,/4) and propanol 5C34</4) are ;<2A3 =13<0 and ;2020 k. mol=1 respecti!ely. a) i) "hy is there a regular increase in the enthalpies of combustion from methanol to propanol& 1 ii) *stimate the enthalpy of combustion of butanol 5C(4@/4). b) Calculate the amount of heat energy gi!en out by the complete combustion of 1.Ag of methanol. c) i) raw a labelled diagram of the apparatus you would use in the laboratory to estimate the enthalpy of combustion of methanol. 1

ii) 0i!e two reasons why the !alue obtained using this apparatus is less than the accepted !alue gi!en in the data booklet. 2

Enthalpy Homework 4 1. Cketch potential energy diagrams for the following reactions+ a. *nthalpy of reactants B 20k. + D4 B =30k. + *a B 1,k. b. *nthalpy of products B 10k. + D4 B 10k. + *a B 3,k.

Total B 23

2 2

2. a. *#plain why the enthalpy changes for many reactions may ha!e a negati!e or positi!e sign3 but the enthalpies of combustion are always negati!e. 2 b. )n an e#periment 0.<g of ethanol 5C43C42/4) is used up when a spirit burner heats 100g of water from 20.1oC to 3,.(oC. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion for ethanol 5assume specific heat capacity of water B (200.E>goC). 2 c. Cuggest a reason why this !alue is much less than the !alue in the ata ?ook which is =13<1k.mol=1. 1 3. a. Calculate the heat energy re:uired to raise the temperature of 2.,>g of water from 10oC to ,0oC. 2 b. 1ind the heat energy re:uired to raise the temperature of ,00ml of water by (0oC. (.

Calculate the enthalpy of combustion for methanol 5C43/4) if -g of the alcohol releases 1-1.,k. when completely burned. 2 ,.-g of butane releases enough energy when completely burned to heat 1>g of water from 20oC to @0oC. Calculate the heat of combustion for butane. 2 a. Complete 7the enthalpy of solution of a substance is the enthalpy change whenF%. 1 b. "hen 1g of sodium hydro#ide was dissol!ed in 100ml of water3 the temperature increased by 10oC. Calculate the enthalpy of solution for sodium hydro#ide. 2 Total B 20

,.

A.

Enthalpy Homework ' 1. Calculate the enthalpy change for each of the following e#periments+ a. "hen 1g of potassium carbonate dissol!es in 10cm 3 of water the temperature increased by ,.AoC. 2 b. "hen 1g of aluminium fluoride dissol!es in 100cm 3 of water the temperature increased by AoC. 2 2. a. Complete 7the enthalpy of neutralisation of an acid is the enthalpy change when F%. 1

"rite balanced chemical e:uations for each of the following and show the D4 !alue with the appropriate sign in each case 5show all state symbols). b. The neutralisation of 1 mole of sodium hydro#ide by nitric acid releases ,<.3k. of energy. 2 c. The neutralisation of 2moles of hydrochloric acid by barium hydro#ide releases 11(.(k. of energy. d. The enthalpy of combustion of sulphur is =2@<k.mol=1.

2 2

e. "hen 1 mole of hydrogen burns in o#ygen 2-Ak. of energy are released. 2 3. "hen 1g of ethanol was burned the heat produced warmed , litres of water from 20.1oC to 21.,oC. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of ethanol. 2 "hen 1g of butanol 5C(4@/4) is burned3 3Ak. of heat energy are released. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of butanol. 2 "hen 1g of sodium hydro#ide was dissol!ed in water 1.0-k. of heat energy was released. Calculate the enthalpy of solution of sodium hydro#ide. 2 Total B 1@

(.

,.

Enthalpy Homework 1. Cketch a potential energy diagram for a chemical reaction where the acti!ation energy for the reaction is A0k.mol =1 and the enthalpy change is 620k.mol=1. 2 2. Consider the following graph+
80 60 40 20

Gotential *nergy Ek. mol=1

"hich of the following applies to this graph+ ( *#othermic and *a B (0k.mol=1 ) *ndothermic and *a B (0k.mol=1 * *#othermic and *a B 20k.mol=1 + *ndothermic and *a B 20k.mol=1 3. "hich of the following is not a correct statement about this effect of a catalyst& The catalyst+

( pro!ides an alternati!e route to the products. ) lowers the energy which molecules need for successful collisions. * pro!ides energy so that more molecules ha!e successful collisions. + forms bonds with reacting molecules. 1 (. "hich of the following statements describes the effect of a catalyst in a reaction& ( D4 decreases and *a increases ) D4 does not change and *a decreases * D4 decreases and *a does not change + D4 increases and *a decreases

,. "rite the balanced chemical e:uation that illustrates the enthalpy of combustion of pentane. 1 A. 2 pupil added 0.0Amol of sodium nitrate to 100cm 3 of water at 20oC. The enthalpy of solution of sodium nitrate is 620.,k. mol =1.

2fter dissol!ing the solute calculate the temperature of the solution

<. "hen 3.Ag of glucose3 CA412/A3 was burned3 ,Ak. of energy was released. 1rom this data3 what is the enthalpy of combustion of glucose3 in k.mol=1& 2 Total B 10