Part A

Surname Name

American Academy Larnaca Year 5 Physics

Semester 2 Unit P3 Topic P1.1 Topic P1.2 Topic P1.2 Test 1 Applications of Physics Radiation in treatment and medicine X-rays and ECGs Production, uses and risks of ionising radiation and radioactive sources

Part A
The total marks for this part is 20. The total marks for the paper is 40.

Time: 20 minutes

The marks for each question are shown in square brackets. Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided. There may be more space than you need.

Part A

Part A FORMULAE You may find theses formulae useful

The relationship between focal length, object and image distance current = number of particles per second charge on each particle kinetic energy = electronic charge accelerating potential difference momentum = mass velocity p=mv I=Nq

The relationship between temperature and volume for a gas The relationship between volume and pressure for a gas The relationship between the volume, pressure and temperature for a gas V1 P1 = V2 P2

Do not forget to include units in all your answers.

Part A

1. (a) The diagram shows a human eye. (i) Label part X. [1]

(ii) State the names of two parts of the eye that focus the light.

[2]

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ (b) A bright object is placed 47 cm away from a lens as shown in the diagram. A real image of the bright object is seen on a screen which is 20 cm away from the lens as shown.

Calculate the focal length of the lens.

[3]

Focal length = __________

*(c) Long sight and short sight are two defects of vision. Explain how long sight and short sight are different from normal sight and how one of these defects can be corrected. [6] _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [Total for Question 1 = 12 marks] 2. The potential difference between the filament and metal target in an X-ray tube is 40 kV. The charge on an electron is 1.6 1019 C and its mass is 9.1 1031 kg. Calculate the speed of an electron as it reaches the target. [3]

speed of electron = __________ [Total for Question 2 = 3 marks]

3. The diagram shows X-rays being produced when fast moving electrons hit a metal target.

(i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( The X-rays that have most energy have the A B C D greatest mass highest frequency highest speed longest wavelength

) in the box next to your answer. [1]

(ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( Electrons travel to the target because it is A B C D magnetised negatively charged neutral positively charged

) in the box next to your answer. [1]

(iii) Explain what is meant by thermionic emission.

[2]

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (iv) Suggest why there must be a vacuum in the glass tube. [1]

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ [Total for Question 3 = 5 marks] [Total for Part A = 20 marks]

Part B
Surname Name

American Academy Larnaca Year 5 Physics

Semester 2 Unit P3 Topic P1.1 Topic P1.2 Topic P1.2 Test 1 Applications of Physics Radiation in treatment and medicine X-rays and ECGs Production, uses and risks of ionising radiation and radioactive sources

Part B
The total marks for this part is 20. The total marks for the paper is 40.

Time: 20 minutes

The marks for each question are shown in square brackets. Use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. Questions labelled with an asterisk (*) are ones where the quality of your written communication will be assessed. You should take particular care with your spelling and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression, on these questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided. There may be more space than you need.

Part B

Part B FORMULAE You may find theses formulae useful

The relationship between focal length, object and image distance current = number of particles per second charge on each particle kinetic energy = electronic charge accelerating potential difference momentum = mass velocity p=mv I=Nq

The relationship between temperature and volume for a gas The relationship between volume and pressure for a gas The relationship between the volume, pressure and temperature for a gas V1 P1 = V2 P2

Do not forget to include units in all your answers.

Part B

1. The diagram shows light from a point source, S, spreading out as it gets further from S.

The intensity of light passing through the surface which is 1 m from S is 2.5 W/m2. (i) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. The intensity of light, in W/m2, passing through the surface which is 2 m from S is A B C D 2.5 2 2.5 4 2.5 2 2.5 4

[1]

(ii) Calculate the power of the light passing through the surface which is 1m from S.

[2]

power = __________ [Total for Question 1 = 3 marks]

2. Ionising radiations are emitted by unstable nuclei. (a) (i) Which particle has the same mass as but opposite charge to a + particle? Put a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. A B C D electron positron proton neutron [2]

[1]

(ii) Suggest why a - particle will travel further in air than a + particle.

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ (b) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. Following the radioactive decay of a nucleus, the nucleus might undergo some rearrangement, losing energy as A B C D gamma radiation a proton a neutron an X-ray

[1]

(c) Some unstable nuclei decay by emitting radiation. (i) Complete the equation to show the change in a nucleus during emission. [2]

(ii) Complete the equation to show what happens to a neutron during emission.

[3]

udd
(iii) What is not conserved in emission? [1] _____________________________________________________________________ [Total for Question 2 = 10 marks]

3.

Gell-Mann proposed the existence of quarks to explain the large numbers of particles that were being discovered. +2/3 U c t -1/3 d s b

a) The 0 is a baryon with quark composition ccs. i) What is the similarity between the neutron and the 0? ii) How do the neutron and 0 differ? b) At CERN the LHC accelerates protons to very high energies and collides them. i) How are the protons kept moving in a circle? [2] _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ii) What is the purpose of such experiments? [2] _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ iii) Suggest why it was so difficult to observe hadrons comprising the b quark. [1] _____________________________________________________________________ [Total for Question 3 = 7 marks] [Total for Part B = 20 marks] [1] [1] _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Mark scheme Part A Answer 1(a)(i) iris 1(a)(ii) In either order cornea (1) lens (1) substitution (1) 1/f = 1/47 + 1/20 transposition or evaluation of 1/f (1) 0.071 evaluation of f (1) 14 (cm) QWC Acceptable answers allow any recognisable spelling aqueous humour vitreous humour allow any recognisable spelling Mark

(1)

(2)

1(b)

*1(c)

numbers that round down to 14 give full marks for the correct answer, no working (3) Indicative Content Mark An explanation including some of the following points normal eye image forms on retina for all distances of objects short sight (clear) image of a distant object forms inside the eye / in front of retina corrected using diverging lens diverging the light / makes image distance longer long sight (clear) image of near object forms "beyond" the retina corrected using converging lens converging the light / makes image distance smaller Other methods of correction include contact lenses which change the

(6)

Level 1

curvature of the cornea laser correction changes curvature of cornea 0 No rewardable content 1-2 a limited explanation of both long and short sight OR either long or short sight and how it is corrected eg long-sighted people cannot see near objects and this can be corrected by convex lenses the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy 3-4 a simple explanation of both long and short sight AND either how one is corrected or detail of image formation eg, longsighted people cannot see near objects but short sighted people cannot see distant objects because the image forms in front of retina. the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy 5-6 a detailed explanation including both long and short sight AND how one is corrected AND detail of image formation eg long eyeball too short so image of nearby object is beyond the retina, short-sighted people cannot see distant objects, which can be corrected by concave lenses the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors Answer Acceptable Mark answers transposition Either order 2 2 e V/ m = v (1) ignore powers of substitution ten until 2 -19 v = 2 1.6 10 evaluation give 40 000/9.1 10-31 full marks for (1) correct answer, no evaluation of v working 8 1.2 10 (m/s) (1) accept 1.19 108 (3)

Answer 3(i) (ii) (iii) B highest frequency D positively charged an explanation linking: (when) the filament is heated/very hot (1)with one of: electrons escape (have enough energy) (1) electrons escape from the surface (1) a suggestion that electrons do not reach target

Acceptable answers

Mark

(1) (1) cathode / metal (for filament) release d accept boil off IGNORE produces / emits

(iv)

(2) otherwise electrons collide with (air) particles electrons are absorbed electrons ionise air stops electrons reaching target (1)

Part B Answer 1(i) 1(ii) B 2.5 4 either P = 2.5 0.2 or 2.5 = P / 0.2 (1) 0.5 (W) (1) A electron suggestion to include two of - is antimatter (1) - will annihilate any e it meets (1) - almost certain to meet matter (1) A gamma radiation or (1) (1) uud (1)

Acceptable answers give full marks for correct answer, no working

Mark (1)

2(a)(i) 2(a) (ii)

(2) (1) IGNORE references to ionisation/particle size

(2) (1)

2(b) 2(c)(i)

(2)

2(c)(ii)

or

(1) (3) (1) (1)

3(a)(i) 3(a)(ii) 3(b)(i)

3(b)(ii)

3(b)(iii)

(1) both neutral (1) 0 more massive than n (1) magnetic field (1) force towards centre (1) Two from: [lost] KE of ps (1) creates mass/ particles (1) to confirm predictions/ theories (1) b very massive/huge energy required

(2)

(2)

(1)