Ohio: A Free State in a Divided Nation and Underground Railroad Study Guide Test on ____________________

Need to know: Everything on the quiz is on this study guide! These Resources will help you understand: SF Social Studies p. 176-181 and 183, Underground Railroad articles that should be in your SS folder, Harriet Tubman reading, notes in notebook, links on Mrs. Schrotes Website under Social Studies- Underground Railroad.

Ohio was a free state which meant that slavery was illegal. Ohio was an important route for people escaping from slavery because it was near two slave states and Canada. Map on page 177 shows free and slave states- know at least two of each besides for Ohio. (Included are some below) Free: Indiana, Michigan, Pennsylvania, New York, Vermont, Maine, Iowa, Illinois, Slave Holding: Kentucky, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi ( West Virginia was not a state until 1863)

The Underground Railroad was a system to help slaves who had escaped. They had to hide and disguise themselves. The slaves would travel at night by foot, hidden in wagons, trains or boats. They would find safety in safe houses along the way. Many tried to get to Canada where there were no laws allowing slavery.

Vocabulary Abolitionist- people who opposed slavery Fugitive- a person who has run away

Some Quakers helped slaves due to their religious beliefs. They believed that all life was sacred.

Codes were used to help keep the Underground Railroad a secret. Some of them included: Line- secret route Station-a safe place to stop, safe-house Conductor- person who helped the escaped slaves move from one safe place to another Freedom Train- The Underground Railroad Moses- Harriet Tubman Heaven or the Promised Land- Canada Parcel- fugitives to be expected Drinking Gourd Big Dipper and North Star

Famous Abolitionists/Conductors Harriet Beecher Stow- wrote a novel called Uncle Toms Cabin that made more Americans want to end slavery. Levi Coffin- was a Quaker who helped slaves reach freedom. He was called the president of the Underground Railroad John Parker-was a former slave who helped runaway slaves across the Ohio River in a boat. Harriet Tubman- escaped slavery and then helped others to do the same. She was also a nurse and spy during the Civil War. She established a house for elderly African Americans who needed help.

Fugitive Slave Act 1850 Made it illegal to help people escape from slavery Citizens were required to help return slaves to slavery if they were caught This act did not solve the problem but instead increased tensions between the north and south.

The Oberlin-Wellington Rescue in Ohio occurred after the Fugitive Slave Act Rescuers were outraged that John Price, a fugitive slave was going to be returned to slavery in the South. A group of 200 people rescued the slave and sent him to Canada. Some of the rescuers were arrested. Thousands of Ohioans protested. Only two of the rescuers were convicted of breaking the Fugitive Slave Act.

Civil War and End of Slavery

Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860. He opposed slavery. The Civil War began in 1861 between the northern states ( Union) and the South ( Confederate States of America or Confederacy). Ohio was a Union state. In 1865, the Civil War ended and slavery was abolished. Slaves were set free. Congress passed the 13th amendment to the Constitution which prohibited (banned) slavery. Just after the war ended, President Abraham Lincoln was shot and killed by a proslavery actor named John Wilkes Booth.