ChE 243 Fluid Dynamics: Problem Set #2 Solutions

1. (10 points) The practical depth limit for a suited diver is about 185 meters. What is the gage pressure in sea water at that depth? Assume that the specific gravity of sea water is constant at 1.025. Solution =
0

= 0 = = 1.025 1000 /3 9.8 / 2 185 = 1.86106 = 1.86106 2

2. (25 points)
E

What is the pressure pA in the figure? The oil in the middle tank has a specific gravity of 0.8. Assume that the entire system is at 80oF.

B C D

Solution = 10 = + 2 15 10 = 1 Insert (2) into (3) then into (1): = + 2 15 10 1 = 2 15 10 + 1 10 From Appendix I, at 80oF: H2O=62.2 lbm/ft3, Hg=845 lbm/ft3 Thus, = = 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 15 10 32.174 / 2 845 /ft3 32.2 / 2 1 0.8 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 10 + 32.174 / 2 32.174 / 2 = 36.45 2 () (1) (2) (3)

PA is a gauge pressure because PD is open to the atmosphere.

3. (25 points) Referring to the figure at left, please find the pressure difference between tanks A and B if d1=2 feet, d2=6 inches, d3=2.4 inches and d4=4 inches. Assume that the entire system is at 80oF.

Solution 3 = 2 1 3 = 3 4 Subtract (1) -(2): = 2 1 + 3 + 4 sin (45) (1) (2)

From Appendix I, at 80oF: H2O=62.2 lbm/ft3, Hg=845 lbm/ft3 = 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 2 845 /ft3 32.2 / 2 0.2 + 32.174 / 2 32.174 / 2 845 /ft3 32.2 / 2 0.333 sin (45) + = 244 = 1.70 32.174 / 2 2 2 = 1.7

4. (25 points)

3 2

We are given that the pressure difference between A and B is 32.62 lbf/ft2, and d1=1.7 ft and d2=1 inch, please calculate the distance d3. Assume the system is at 80oF.

Solution From Appendix I, at 80oF: H2O=62.2 lbm/ft3, Hg=845 lbm/ft3 2 = 2 1 3 2 = 2 3 = 2 1 + 2 + 3 : = 2 + 2 1 : 2 = 3 + 2 : 3 = 2 1 + 2 + 3

= 2 + 2 1 = 3 + 2 + 2 1 = 2 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 1 Solving for PA-PB, = 2 1 + 2 + 3 + 2 + 2 1 Plugging in known numbers into the equation, 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 1.7 + 0.0833 + 3 32.62 2 = 32.174 / 2 845 /ft3 32.2 / 2 0.0833 + 32.174 / 2 62.2 /ft 3 32.2 / 2 1.7 + 32.174 / 2 Solving for d3=0.525 ft

5. (15 points) The maximum blood pressure in the upper arm of a healthy person is about 120 mm Hg (this is a gauge pressure). If a vertical tube open to the atmosphere is connected to the vein in the arm of a person, determine how high the blood will rise in the tube. Take the density of the blood to be constant and equal to 1050 kg/m3. (The fact that blood can rise in a tube explains why IV tubes must be placed high to force fluid into the vein of a patient.) Solution = For Blood: =

For Mercury: = So, = = Solve for the height of the blood, = Eliminate the gravity terms, = =

We take 120 mm Hg as the height here, and 120 mm = 0.12 m, and the density of mercury is 845 /ft3 . = 13535.6 /3 1050 /3 0.12 = 1.55

6. (10 points) Using a liquid having a specific gravity of 1.2, and inverting a tube full of this material as shown in the figure, please calculate the value of h if the vapor pressure of the liquid is 3 psi.

Solution = + 14.696 1.2 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 = 3 + 2 2 32.174 / 2 144 2 / 2 = 22.5 = 269.8

7. (40 points) The open end of a cylindrical tank 2 feet in diameter and 3 feet high is submerged in water as shown in the figure below. The air barometric pressure is 14.7 psia. The thickness of the tank wall may be neglected. (a) If the tank weighs 250 lbs, to what depth h will the tank submerge assuming that the tank is at equilibrium (not moving) and that isothermal conditions apply? (b) What additional force is required to bring the top of the tank flush with the water surface?

Solution (a) If the tank weighs 250 lbs, to what depth h will the tank submerge assuming that the tank is at equilibrium (not moving)? So, the total forces on the tank = 0 F = 0 Force up from water - Weight of Tank - Force of Atmosphere = 0 Rearrange, = 250 4 4 = 250 2 2
2

2 2 250 =0 4 4 2

(1)

= 79.58

(2)

Next, we want an expression for P using = to find the H2O level in the tank, 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 = 2 = 32.174 / 2 3

Plug in = 79.58 2 (4)

32.174 / 2 79.58 / 2 = = 1.278 62.2 /ft3 32.2 / 2 Since we have isothermal conditions we can state that P1V1=P2V2, = = 2 = 2 3 = 2 = 2 3 As a result we can say that, = 3 3

(5)

(6) (7) (8)

(9)

Plug this into (4) from above, = 14.7

2

3 = 79.58 2 3 = 2116.8
2

(10)

, plugging this into the above equation gives,

2116.8 Solve for y gives,

3 2116.8 = 79.58 3

(11)

= 0.1087 Plugging this into (5) gives, = 1.38

(12)

(13)

(b) What additional force is required to bring the top of the tank flush with the water surface? We define h = 3 feet here since the entire tank is submerged, and we define y as the area of the tank filled with water as indicated in the figure. = 2 The density of water will push the tank up, so we want to think of this as a force to offset this. = + + 250 2 4

Rearrange and incorporating (3), 2 4

2

32.2 2 3 ft 32.174 2 62.2

3 250

Using y=0.1087 ft from (12), = 315.15