RIVER NILE

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 Location: 24N 33E (northeast Africa);

Length 6700 km (4100 miles); Drainage basin: 3.3 million sq km (1.3 million sq miles).

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Fig. 16 Dr. Adel Banawan Ship Design-2

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 The Nile and its tributaries flow through nine countries. The White Nile flows through Uganda, Sudan, and Egypt. The Blue Nile starts in Ethiopia. Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Burundi all have tributaries, which flow into the Nile or into Lake Victoria.

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 The Nile is the world's longest river. More than 3,200 km (2,000 miles) of the Nile are navigable.

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Technical & Navigational data on the River Nile

The flow rate of the river in Egypt ranges from a minimum of 60,000,000 m3 /day to 120,000,000 m3/day. In summer, at the high dam lake, the flow is 240,000,000m3 /day.

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 As a matter of fact, the annual discharge of the Nile at Sudan is 84,000 x 106m3 /year. The Egyptian share of this amount, according to various treaties and agreements, is 55,500 x 106m3 /year (1959 agreement). Sudan share is 18,500x106m3/year. Loss due to evaporation is 10,000x106m3/year.

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 Generally the maximum allowable draft is 1.5m except at the Nubaria canal it is 1.6m. As a matter of fact, within the area of Beniswef at certain times of the year, the allowable draft could be as low as 1.2m.

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 There are many barrages to control the water level for irrigation purposes. At every barrage there is a lock to allow the navigation with such difference in water level before and after the barrage.

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 The locks in Nubaria are 110 x 16m, allowing a convoy of 102 x 15m. The locks in upper Egypt are 80 x 16m allowing a convoy of 72 x 15m. , and some new locks are 160 x17m. (e.g. Esna).

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 There are many fixed bridges all along the Nile, and the allowable air draft for ships is 10.5 11m from south of Cairo down to Aswan. However, within the Cairo area, Kasr EL Nile bridge restricts the air draft to 3.75m. Also, at the entrance of the Nubaria Canal from the port of Alexandria, the maximum air draft is about 5.5 m.

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The Operation of a Nile Lock

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