The term Growth and Development are occasionally used interchangeably but are different.

GROWTH is generally used to denote an increase in physical size or quantitative change. DEVELOPMENT is used to denote an increase in skills or ability to function. COGNITIVE DEVT is the ability to learn or understand from experience, to retain knowledge and to solve problems !ntelligence". Factor a!!ect"n# Growth an$ Development #. $enetic !nfluences %. &nvironment '. $ender (. )utrition *. +ace and )ationality ,. -ocio.&conomic /evel 0. !ntelligence 1. 2arent.3hild +elationship 4. 5ealth #6. 7rdinal 2osition 8amily" Developmental %creen"n# !or New&orn 9 done by 2ediatrician #.:enver !! :evelopmental -creening Test . divide streams of :evelopment into gross motor, 8ine motor, language and personal. social. '. 3linical ;daptive Test . rates problem solving and visual motor ability. Cr"ter"a !or %'"ta&"l"t( o! To( #. !s it safe< '. !s it =seful< *. !s it compatible< In!anc( To$$ler Pre) chool %ol"tar( Parallel * oc"at"ve - stack toys, blocks, pots - drums to bang - push and pull toys . rocking horse, swing - finger paints, puzzle Trucks, dollhouse :octor and nurse kits -andbox, outdoor gym $ames and -ports >oard games, books and T?

%chooler

Cooperat"ve

PL*+ medium form expression, communication and growth in children F'nct"on o! Pla( #. &ducational '. +ecreational *. 2hysical :ev@t 0. -ocial and &motional ;dAustment 4. Therapeutic

Growth an$ Development Thro'#ho't L"!e pan In!anc( ,-)./ )utrition . ?it. 3, : and !ron is not found in milk . -olid food introduce at 0 to % months 2sychosocial :ev@t . mother should not expect too much from infant 5ealth Baintainace To$$ler ,.)0/ - ;utonomy C !ndependence - +ecognize that they are separate individual D negativistic D :ifficult to manage -ocialization . imitates what sheC he sees . differentiate boy from girl Toilet Training . stays dry for ' hours with regular bowel mov@t . 3an sit, walk and squat . 3an verbalize the desire to void or defecate )egativism . undergo extreme negativism, hates to do anything . reply to every request is definite )7E Temper tantrums Pre) chool ,1)2/ 7edipus and &lectral 3omplexes - aware of sexuality, sexual roles and organs 2hallic -tage . ;ware of body@s anatomy and sexual identity Bale and 8emale" . -exual identity is important to preschool in play >oys.toy guns C $irls.dolls" . 2enis envy or castration fear . :eal with masturbation in non.Audgmental manner 7edipus and &lectral 3omplexes - aware of sexuality, sexual roles and organs 2hallic -tage . ;ware of body@s anatomy and sexual identity Bale and 8emale" . -exual identity is important to preschool in play >oys.toy guns C $irls.dolls" . 2enis envy or castration fear . :eal with masturbation in non.Audgmental manner

%chool *#e ,3).4/ %tr"ve !or *ch"evement o!5 #. $ross motor competency -ports" '. 8ine motor dexterity craftsCarts" *. 3ognitive proficiency reading, math" 0. -ocial mastery friends, peer groups" P (cho oc"al Development - master skills that will help them fxn in the adult world - -tealing is a common school.age problem Wa( to a " t a chool)a#e ch"l$ $evelop p (cho oc"all( #. +ecognizing success and providing praise for achievements. '. $uiding children to perform task in wCc they are likely to succeed. *. $uiding the child to complete task 0. Teaching the child to get along with peers 4. Teaching the child to get along with adut 2lay . collecting age begins 3ards, posters, marbles etc." 3ognitive :ev@t . develop logical reasoning, cause and effect Boral and -piritual :ev@t . $od is good and always present to help . 5ygiene and )utrition *$ole cent ,.4).6/ 2eriod during wCc the person becomes physically and psychologically mature and acquires personal identity.

2uberty 9 first stage of adolescent in wCc sexual organ begins to grow and mature. girls 9 #6 to #0 boys 9 #' to #% Benarche 9 occurs in girls &Aaculation . occurs in boys Ph( "cal Devt . adolescent growth -purt . $landular changes 9 sweat, acne Co#n"t"ve Devt . ability to use scientific thought 9 plan their future P (cho oc"al Devt - task is to establish identity and self.concept

- ;dolescent are sexually active and may engage in masturbation or heterosexual activity. . :ating helps prepare them for marriage by teaching them how to act with members of opposite sex. Promot"n# Health( Fam"l( F'nct"on"n# - !t is not easy to be with teenagers, it is equally difficult to be teenagers - Teenagers need good adult role models so that they can see that adult roles are not frightening but desirable. %e7 E$'cat"on Common Health Pro&lem . 7besity . ;cne . ;dolescent 2regnancy . -T: . :rug C ;lcoholism . -uicide . Botor ?ehicular ;ccident Ph( "olo#"c %tat' o! New&orn CIRC8L*TOR+ %T*T8% =B>!/!3;/ ?&!) and :=3T=- ?&)7-=- constrict after cord is clamped. :=3T=- ;+T&+!7-=- constricts wC establishment of respiratory function. 87+;B&) 7?;/& closes functionally as respirations are established, but anatomic or permanent closure may take several months. 5&;+T +;T& averages #06 bmn >2 (*C44 mm5g 2&+!25&+;/ 3!+3=/;T!7) acrocyanosis wCn '05

Renal %( tem =rine present in the bladder at birth, but )> may not void for #st #'.'0 hours. /ater pattern is %.#6 voidingsCday . indicative of sufficient fluid intake. =rine is pale and straw colored. . initial voidings may leave brick.red spots on diaperdCt passage of uric acid crystals in urine !nfant unable to concentrate urine for the #st * mos DIGE%TIVE %+%TEM 5ard palate should be intact, small raised white areas on the palate are normal. &2-T&!)@- 2&;+/-

)ewborn can@t move food from lips to pharynx. capable of digesting simple 357 and simple 357) but fats -tomach capacity cariesF 46.%6 ml 8eeding patterns

8!+-T -T77/ is B&37)!=B. . black, tarry residue from lower intestine. . usually passed within #'. '0 hours after birth. ;fter * days B!/G -T77/- are usually passed. a. B!/G -T77/- for >8.!)8;)T . /oose and golden yellow b. B!/G -T77/- for 87+B=/;.8&: . 8ormed and pale yellow TEMPER*T8RE 5&;T 2+7:=3T!7) . Betabolism of >+7H) 8;T ;xillary temperatureI 1%. , to 11J8 )>@s body temp drops quickly after birth. . cold stress occurs easily. >ody stabilizes temp in ,.#6 hours if unstressed. 3old stress increases 7' consumption. . may lead to metabolic acidosis and respi distress.

WEIGHT normalF '466 . 0*66 g 4.4 to 1.4 lbs" at term. !nitial loss of 4.#6K of body weight . normal for the first few days . this should be regained in #.' weeks LENGTH ;verage 04.(.44.1 cm #,.'' in" CHE%T CIRC8MFERENCE *6.** cm #'.#* inches" should be equal to or '.* cm L head circumference HE*D '4K of the body lengthM circumference **.*(cm >ones of the skull are not fused 2alpable sutures 8ontanels Bolding ,3aput -uccedaneum,3ephalohematoma %9IN

2igmentation increases after birth -kin may be dry. ;3+73N;)7-!-mall amounts of lanugo and vernix caseosa still seen Bay develop )&7);T;/ +;-5 5;+/&O=!) -!$)

INITI*L C*RE OF THE NEW:ORN 7bserve and assist with initiation of respirations ;ssess ;pgar score )ote characteristics of cry Bonitor for nasal flaring, grunting, retractions and abnormal respirations 7btain vital signs 7bserve )> for signs of hypothermia or hyperthermia.

N8R%ING INTERVENTION -uction mouth, then nares with bulb syringe. :ry baby and stimulate crying by rubbing. Baintain temperature stability. Geep newborn with mother to facilitate bonding. 2lace newborn at mother@s breast if breastfeeding is planned or place on mother@s abdomen. 2lace newborn in a warmer. 2osition newborn on the side or abdomen or in modified Trendelenburg position to facilitate drainage of mucus. &nsure proper )> !: 8ootprint )> P fingerprint mother on !: sheetC agency@s policies P procedures 2lace matching !: bracelets on mother P )>

*PG*R %CORING %+%TEM 2erform and record ;pgar score at # min P at 4 mins. !f the score is less than ( at 4 mins., the ;pgar score shld be ; score of (.#6 indicates a healthy newborn. ; score of *.% is considered moderately depressed. ; score of 6.' is severely depressed. Pediatric Neuro Disorders H($rocephal' 9 accumulation of 3-8 more than normal volume TypesI #. 3omunicating '. )on.comunicating

perform at #6 mins.

:x TestI Byelogram :yesI #. 7il 9 87> %. , hrs. '. Hater 9 head elevation % hrs. *. ;ir 9 trendelenburg BgtI -hunting %p"na :"!"$a 9 baby born without fusion of backbone 3auseI folic acid deficiency TypesI #. 7culta 9 dimple '. 3ystica 9 sac protrusion Beningocoele 9 sac contains 3-8 Byeloeningocoele 9 sac contains 3-8 and -pinal cord Bgt I -urgery within '0 hrs after birth 3rede@s maneouver Re(e %(n$rome 9 degeneration of aftes in the liver 3auseI aspirin toxicity Bani I :ecorticate and :ecerebrate posture BgtI 7xygenation )o ore than 0/Cmin 9 +etrolental 8ibroplasia" T'mor 9 space occupying lesion Bedulloblastoma 9 fatal type .death within hours to days BgtI surgery RE%PIR*TOR+ DI%ORDER% :RONCHIOLITI% BaniI +hinorrhea P fever /ethargy 2oor feeding !rritablity Tachypnea :yspnea )asal flaring Hheezing :iminished breath sounds BgtI +ibavirin ?irazole" PNE8MONI*

TypesI ?iral I Hhitish sputum >acterialI non productive hacking cough 2rimary ;typicalI )on productive 9 productive. blood streak sputum N8R%ING C*RE ;dminister 7', Bist tent -uction 2+) 3hest physiotherapy >ed rest /ie on the affected side !solation precaution ;nti.tussives, antimicrobial therapy, antipyretics Thoracenthesis *%THM* Hheezing :yspnea 3hest tightness &xacerbations . air is trapped behind occluded or narrow airways and hypoxemia can occur %T*T8% *%THM*TIC8% . child displays respiratory distress despite vigorous treatment . may result in respiratory failure P death if untreated HOME C*RE ME*%8RE% . ;llergens control . ;void extremes of temperature . ;void exposure to viral respiratory infection . +ecognize early symptoms . !nstruct the child in the administration of medications as +x . ;dequate rest, sleep, and a well.balanced diet . ;dequate fluid intake . &xercise as tolerated %8DDEN INF*NT ; DE*TH %+NDROME B;T&+);/ +!-G 8;3T7+Baternal smoking -ubstance abuse Nounger mothers *PPE*R*NCE WHEN FO8ND ;pneic P blue

8rothy blood.tinged fluid in the nose P mouth Typically found in a disheveled bed, with blankets over the head, :iaper is wet P full of stool G8T Cr(ptorch"$" m Hhether or not to treat is still controversial. . !f the testes remains in the abdomen, damage to the testes sterility" is possible because of increased body temperature. !f not descended by age ,.1 mos, chorionic gonadotropin can be given. Orch"pe7( . surgical procedure to retrieve and secure testes placement . preformed between ages #.* years N8R%ING C*RE ;dvise parents of absence of testes and provide nformation about treatment options. -upport parents if surgery is to performed. Po t)op ;void disturbing the tension mechanism. . will be in place for about # week. ;void contamination of incision. GIT DI%ORDER% Cel"ac $ e a<a Gl'ten Enteropath( . !ncrease in amino acid glutamine Bonitor gluten free diet 2rovide supplement fat.soluble vitamins 2rovide client teaching and discharge planning concerningI a. $luten.free diet b. avoidance of infection. c. importance of adhering to diet d. importance of long term ff.up management. IMPERFOR*TED *N8% -urgery to reconstruct the anus and perform a colon pull.through or sigmoid colostomy with anastomosis and pull.through # year later