Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
COURSE NAME: FOOD SCIENCE COURSE CODE: AHD 1132 TITLE: WHY WE USE PRIMATES AS AN ANIMALMODEL FOR EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LECTURER: ASST. PROF. DR. NORAZLANSHAH BIN HAZALI STUDENTS NAME: AIIN ATHEERA BT MAT NEPA MATRIX NO: 1319156 EMAIL: aiin_atheera@yahoo.com PHONE NO. : 016-4404156
TABLE OF CONTENT
3-6
REFERENCES
A primate is a mammal which inhabits every continent, and most primates live in tropical forest. Nowadays, primates have become one of the animal
The animal used as research models are divided into the following two groups: 1. Small animal Rats Mice Guinea pig Rabbit 2. Large animal Dogs Goats Primates
models for experimental research. Animal models have physical characteristics or suffer from illnesses similar to those seen in humans. They allow comparisons to be drawn between animal and human physiology, and help our understanding of how the human body functions. Comparative biology studies the differences and similarities between species, allowing predictions to be made, and concepts to be extrapolated from one species to another. Models can be either spontaneous, where an animal has natural characteristics like those of humans or a human disease-state, or induced where the animal has been altered. For example, through surgery or genetic manipulation. Spontaneous models show how factors, such as diet, genetics, environment and immunity can all contribute to a disease. Induced models are useful for studying the underlying causes of a disease, and are a common research tool for identifying potential drug targets.
In this new era, people used primates to understand and cure Parkinson disease. Experiments involving non-human primates (NHPs) include toxicity testing for medical and non-medical substances and also studies of infectious disease, such as HIV and hepatitis. In the Council Decision (1999), it is stated that , accepting nevertheless that man in his quest for knowledge, health and safety has a need to use animals where there is a reasonable expectation that the result will be to extend knowledge or to be the overall benefit of man or animal, just as he uses them for food, clothing and as beasts of burden;. Does research with monkeys can help to understand a serious, debilitating, and often fatal disease by knowing that the use of some monkeys will certainly be As said by D. Eugene Redmond, JR (2012), Research with nonhuman primates is essential to medical progress and will still be necessary for the foreseeable future.
WHY WE USE PRIMATES AS AN ANIMAL MODEL harmful to them. But studies in monkeys will increase the probability of a benefit as well as minimize the extent of harms from those treatments to patients when the treatments are tested.
I have great empathy and respect for animals, but I also accept the fact that the careful selection and use of animals in experiments to understa nd biology or to improve medicine is justified, even though this often represents a
significant
harm to them. Adams, E.S. 2005
Conditions for Using Monkeys for Biomedical Research 1. The research should address a significant basic science or potential therapeutic question for humans or monkeys. 2. Preliminary research should be done to support and justify the experimental approach proposed. 3. Some research should have been done in nonprimes species to gather preliminary data and, if possible, to test the experimental design. 4. There should be research findings to support differences between other potential animal models and monkeys or humans that would therefore support the study of monkeys and the inferiority of other animal models or alternatives to animals. 5. The potential benefits of the research should be evaluated against the potential risks to the primate subjects. 6. The species of monkeys used should be justified, and the use of endangered or threatened populations avoided without special justification. 7. The number of monkeys used for the research should be justified and minimized. 6
REFERENCES
1.
Adams, E.S. 2005. Bayesian analysis of linear dominance hierarchies. Animal Behaviour 69, pg 1191-1201
2. Animal research info, The Global Resource for Scientific Evidence in Animal Research, Research Animal. http://www.animalresearch.info/en/designingresearch/research-animals/
3. The American Anti-Vivisection Society http://www.aavs.org/site/c.bkLTKfOSLhK6E/b.6446369/k.66FC/Animals_Used_in_R esearch.htm#.UraP9_QW2Zc 4. Bullock.G and Petrusz.P , The Handbook of Experimental Animal : The Laboratory Primates, Soonia Wolfe Coote, 2005. 5. M.E. Emborg, Nonhuman Primate Models of Parkinsons Disease, Institute for