Partially Guided Experiments for SFYC 2014

1. There are many methods used to dry materials, su h as appli ation of hot air, indire t or onta t dryin!, free"e dryin!, and natural air dryin!# $o% does the type of material affe t ho% lon! a shirt ta&es to dry' (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# 2. *oilin! is the rapid vaporization of a liquid, %hi h o urs %hen a li+uid is heated to its boiling point, the temperature at %hi h the vapour pressure of the li+uid is e+ual to the pressure exerted on the li+uid ,y the surroundin! en)ironmental pressure# Gi)en the same amount of %ater, ho% does a ontainer-s si"e and type of material used affe t the amount of time it ta&es to ,oil' (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# .a&e sure you ha)e adult super)ision %hen handlin! hot o,/e ts# 3. Shoppin! ,a!s are medium si"ed ,a!s %ith different thi &ness and materials that are often used ,y grocery shoppers to arry home their pur hases# 0t is ,elie)ed that ,y )aryin! the thi &ness and type of materials of the shoppin! ,a!, the amount of load it %ithstands )aries# (esi!n an experiment to test the statement# 4. The %heel of a )ehi le rotates to allo% the )ehi le to mo)e# (esi!n a me hani al system that in)ol)es minimal for e that !i)es maximum distan e tra)elled ,y the )ehi le# (is uss the me hanism in)ol)ed# 5. 1 fe% ountries are usin! po%erful electromagnets to de)elop hi!h2 speed trains, alled ma!le) trains# .a!le) is short for ma!neti le)itation, %hi h means that these trains %ill float o)er a !uide%ay usin! the ,asi prin iples of ma!nets to repla e the old steel %heel and tra & trains# *uild your o%n le)itatin! train model and test ho% mu h %ei!ht it an hold ,efore it stops ho)erin! a,o)e the tra &s# Explain the me hanisms in)ol)ed# 6. 1 paper plane, paper airplane 3US4, paper !lider, paper dart or dart is a toy air raft, usually a glider made out of paper or paperboard5 the pra ti e of onstru tin! paper planes is sometimes referred to as aerogami63 apanese7 kamihikki4, after origami, the apanese art of paper foldin!# $o% does the shape and desi!n of the %in!s of a paper airplane affe t its a,ility to fly' *uild your o%n paper airplane and test ho% its %ei!ht affe t its a,ility to fly# Explain the me hanisms in)ol)ed# You must &eep the mass of the paper airplane onstant# !. 1 ,alloon ro &et is a balloon filled %ith air# *esides ,ein! simple toys, ,alloon ro &ets are a %idely used tea hin! de)i e to demonstrate physi al prin iples and the fun tionin! of a roc"et # $o% does the amount of air in a ,alloon ro &et affe t ho% far it flies' (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed#

#. 1 ma!net is a material or o,/e t that produ es a magnetic $ield# This ma!neti field is in)isi,le ,ut is responsi,le for the most nota,le property of a ma!net7 a for e that pulls on other $erromagnetic materials, su h as iron, and attra ts or repels other ma!nets# (esi!n an experiment to measure the stren!th of a ma!net# *ased on your findin!, ome up %ith a tool to olle t iron s raps# Explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# %. Gel ele trophoresis is a method for separation and analysis of ma romole ules 3(81, 981 and proteins4 and their fra!ments, ,ased on their si"e and har!e# (esi!n a !el ele trophoresis and use it to separate (81s of different )e!eta,le# Explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# 1&. Ele troma!netism denotes the intera tion ,et%een ele tri al fields or urrents %ith ma!neti fields# 0t is &no%n ele troma!netism is produ ed %hen ele tri al urrent is passed throu!h a ondu tor# (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the most suita,le ondu tor to produ e the ,est ele troma!net# 0f you are usin! ele tri al urrents, please see& ad)i e of an adult ,efore ondu tin! the experiment# 11. 0n physics, a eleration is the rate at %hi h the velocity of a ,ody han!es %ith time# 1s des ri,ed ,y 'e(ton)s Second *a(, a eleration is aused ,y mass and speed# Find out ho% in reased mass affe ts speed ,y doin! a pro/e t %ith dynamic carts# (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the effe t of mass on speed and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# 12. Fresh fish is a perisha,le ommodity %ith a )ery short shelf period# Fishmon!ers use i e as a method to &eep their sea produ ts fresh# *ut, i e melts fast and the fishmon!ers ha)e to &eep on addin! i e# Find a solution ,y addin! forei!n su,stan es to i e to slo% do%n i e meltin!# (esi!n an experiment and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# 13. :hy is it more omforta,le to %ear li!ht2 olored lothes on a hot summer day' :hy %ear a dar&2 olored /a &et for early2mornin! fishin! on a old la&e' $o% mu h differen e an it ma&e' $o% does the olor of an o,/e t affe ts ho% mu h heat it a,sor,s %hen exposed to in andes ent li!ht' (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# 14. 1 ni e hot up of tea sure an %a&e and %arm you up in the mornin!# 0n this s ien e fair pro/e t, you %ill in)esti!ate the hemistry of tea# The lon!er you steep a tea ,a! in hot %ater, the stron!er the tea %ill ,e# *ut ho% does the stren!th of the tea han!e %ith lon!er ,re%in! time' (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement a,o)e# *e areful %hen handlin! hot %ater# 15. 8oise pollution is the distur,in! or ex essi)e noise that may harm the a ti)ity or ,alan e of human or animal life# $i!h noise le)els an ontri,ute to ardio)as ular effe ts in humans, a rise in ,lood pressure, and an in rease in stress and )aso onstri tion, and an in reased in iden e of oronary artery disease# :hat are the ,est materials to use to redu e noise from the en)ironment' (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed#

16. Food preser)ation usually in)ol)es pre)entin! the !ro%th of bacteria, $ungi 3su h as yeasts4, or any other micro+organisms as %ell as retardin! the o,idation of $ats that ause rancidity# There are many hemi als that an ,e used as a preser)ati)e, su h as salt, sorbic acid and its salts, benzoic acid and its salts, calcium propionate, sodium nitrite, and ,ori a id# 1s your S ien e Fair pro/e t, find out the effe t of ,ori a id on our health and desi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the amount of ,ori a id used in foods that %e onsume# Explain the pro esses in)ol)ed in your in)esti!ation# 1!. The rea tion rate 3rate of rea tion4 or speed of rea tion for a reactant or product in a parti ular reaction is intuiti)ely defined as ho% fast or slo% a rea tion ta&es pla e# For example, rustin! of iron under -arth)s atmosphere is a slo% rea tion that an ta&e many years, ,ut the om,ustion of cellulose in a fire is a rea tion that ta&es pla e in fra tions of a se ond# The rate of the rea tion depends upon the surfa e area of the solid rea tant# (esi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the statement and explain the me hanism in)ol)ed# 1#. 1ntioxidants ha)e ,e ome )ery popular in the ne%s lately for their potential health and anti2 a!in! properties# 1ntioxidants %or& ,y pre)entin! oxidation rea tions that produ e free2radi als %hi h an ause harm to the ,ody# 1s your S ien e Fair pro/e t, find out the types of antioxidants and desi!n an experiment to in)esti!ate the amount of antioxidants in foods that %e onsume# Explain the pro esses in)ol)ed in your in)esti!ation# 1%. .iological oxy!en demand, *;(, is the standard method for the indire t measurement of the amount of organic pollution 3that an ,e oxidi"ed ,iolo!i ally4 in a sample of %ater# ./0 test procedure is ,ased on the activities of bacteria and other aerobic microorganisms 3mi ro,es4, %hi h feed on organic matter in presen e of oxy!en# $i!her the *;(, hi!her the amount of pollution in the test sample# 1s your S ien e Fair pro/e t, desi!n an experiment to find out the *;( of %ater samples in your area# Explain the me hanisms in)ol)ed in your findin!s# 2&. $eat ondu ti)ity is an important on ept in many pro esses and has to ,e onsidered ,efore in)entin! many e+uipments# 1ll materials ondu t heat to some extent# 1lthou!h metals are ommonly onsidered to ,e ondu tors, any material an ,e# 1s your S ien e Fair pro/e t, desi!n an experiment to find out heat ondu ti)ity of different types of materials# Explain the me hanisms in)ol)ed in your findin!s# $a)e adult super)ision %hen handlin! hea)y o,/e ts#