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We could state the following characteristics about entropy. Low Entropy High Entropy High quality energy Low quality energy Low probability states High probability states Ordered systems Disordered systems High information content Low information content Most spontaneous processes or events tend to increase the amount of Entropy in the Universe. Life systems seem to create order out of chaos and hence create negative Entropy.
Session 3 Ecosystems
Ecosystems are made up of abiotic (non-living, environmental) and biotic components and these basic components are important to nearly all types of ecosystems. Ecosystem ecology looks at energy transformations and biochemical cycling within ecosystems. Energy is continually input into an ecosystem in the form of light energy, and some energy is lost with each transfer to a higher trophic level. Energy is moved through an ecosystem via a food web, which is made up of interlocking food chains.
assess the quality and the pollution of the visual environment. One way of assessing the quality or the pollution of the visual environment is to consider the visual environment as an aesthetic composition, and hence, to determine a mechanism for the purpose.
Session 8 Legal mandate for EIA in Sri Lanka and EIA procedures
In 1970 the USA became the first country to make EIA a legal requirement for major development projects. Since then, countries throughout the world have enacted similar laws, suited to their own constitutions, economies and social values. The National Environmental Act No 47 of 1980 (NEA) is our basic national charter for protection and management of the environment. The procedures laid down in the NEA are supplemented by orders and regulations published by the minister of environment in the government gazette. The EIA process is mandated only for Prescribed projects, which need to be cleared by designated project approving agencies before they are implemented.
understand and to analyze the impacts of project activities, and is a complex and complicated procedure. The complexity increased by the diversity of the disciplines involved social, Physical and Biological. Scientific experts are responsible for conducting reviewing of EIAs and maximum possible quantification should be accompanied. EIA gives opportunity to affected populations, development agencies, and project proponents to participate in decision-making process.