Alexandria University Faculty of Engineering Chemical Engineering Department 4th Year Students Petrochemicals Revision Questions 1.

Briefly define the following refinery processes: a. Hydrocracking d. Steam cracking b. Hydrotreatment e. Catalytic reforming c. Hydroprocessing f. Coking

2. What is meant by GTL and GTM process? Draw a simple block diagram showing the main steps involved in the GTL process? 3. Compare between the methane steam process and the methane oxygen process as methods for synthesis gas production? 4. Cracking process of petroleum hydrocarbons to produce olefins is associated with some design problems. Explain these problems and their suitable solutions? 5. With the help of simple block diagram show how to the following products can be obtained from natural gas: a. Corrosion inhibitor c. Gasoline additive e. Nitrating agent b. Compound used in ion exchange resin production d. Urea f. Formaldehyde

6. Explain the main problems involved in the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons with air. 7. Compare between gas phase and liquid phase oxidation of paraffins.

8. Oxidation of methane to produce methanol may be associated with side reactions and formation of byproducts. State these side reactions and show how to limit it. 9. State the problems involved during sulphonation of paraffins and explain how it can be solved. What are the uses of sulphonated paraffins? 10. Show how the following products can be obtained from petroleum paraffins: a. Compounds used in rubber production c. Compounds used in liquid detergents b. Compounds used in explosives d. Compounds used in cationic surfactants |Page1

e. PVC 11. Give reasons:

f. Compound used in preparation of CMC

a. Chlorination of paraffins is sometimes carried out under pressure. b. Chlorination of paraffins is carried out at low temperature and short contact time. c. During chlorination of paraffins, chlorine is fed through a series of jets. d. It is not preferred to use sulphonated paraffins as a raw material for the production of spray dried detergents. e. The cracking furnace used in olefin manufacture consist of a narrow tubes made from high Cr steel. f. It is not preferred to use heavy feed stock in the production of synthesis gas by steam reforming. g. The cracking required temperature increases as the C2/C3 ratio increases in the feed stock used in production of ethylene. h. Pressure is used in the separation of olefin gases by fractional distillation. 12. Explain the effect of the following variables on the rate of cracking process used for the production of olefins.
a. Time b. Temperature c. Pressure

13. What types of reactions involved in cracking and pyrolysis processes? 14. Explain the different methods used for separation of olefin gases.

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