Morgan Berger Jane Blakelock ENG 2100-37 March 13, 2014 Annotated Bibliography

Montessori philosophy and practice of education is known around the world and takes a different approach than what we might considered standard. The founder of this method of teaching is Maria Montessori. She focused on the special learning needs of individual children and encouraged their parents to notice and take value in that. Her strategy was to provide the proper learning environment and materials to students that meet their specific needs. The Montessori Method of teaching is unique for each individual student and allows them to learn at their own pace. This came about this topic through the connection it has with early childhood education and the effects it could have on the future of the education system. Research was narrowed to how Montessori education works and why it could be better for some students than the traditional public classroom.

Bekta, Mustafa. "An Examination Of The Elementary School Teachers' Preferred Teaching Methods And Instructional Technologies In Terms Of Various Variables In Life Study Lesson." International Online Journal Of Educational Sciences 5.3 (2013): 551-561. Education Research Complete. Web. 25 Mar. 2014. The research contained in this article compares the teaching methods and uses of technology in traditional elementary classrooms. Bektas also discusses the training that the teachers go through. This article would be good to use to compare the teaching methods and training teachers go through versus Montessori teachers. The amount of statistics and numbers in this article gives plenty of evidence for each topic. Byun, Wonwoo, Steven N Blair, and Russell R Pate. "Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior In Preschool Children: Comparison Between Montessori And Traditional Preschools." The International Journal Of Behavioral Nutrition And Physical Activity 10.(2013): 2. MEDLINE with Full Text. Web. 12 Mar. 2014. The purpose of this article is to compare the children that attend traditional preschools and children that attend Montessori schools. The methods used in each type of school is discussed and compared to each other. There are tables with statistical information and a lot of sources that give the article much more credibility. This article is beneficial to those wanting to know the benefits to each type of school and have access to factual numbers.

Howell, Leanne, et al. "Preparation For Life: How The Montessori Classroom Facilitates The Development Of Executive Function Skills." Montessori Life: A Publication of the American Montessori Society 25.1 (2013): 14-18. ERIC. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. This article puts emphasis on how Montessori schools could help prepare children to be ready for the workforce. The main topics Howell focuses on is planning, organization, and time management. These topics are then further explained how they develop through Montessori education. She also starts out explaining what is necessary to be able to do once students are done with primary and secondary schooling. The school environment is important for students executive functioning skills. Executive functioning skills is what the author believes Montessori education will bring out in students when they are put out into the competitive workforce. Huxel, Alexa C. "Authentic Montessori: The Teacher Makes The Difference." Montessori Life: A Publication Of The American Montessori Society 25.2 (2013): 32-34. ERIC. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. This article talks about what it takes to be in a Montessori classroom and how to define it differently from a traditional public classroom. It describes a real classroom and the things that had to be changed to make it successful. This would be a good article for those who want to know what authentic Montessori is and how it is similar and different to other types of schooling. Karna, Anu. "Why Montessori? Answers From A Parent's Perspective." Montessori Life: A Publication Of The American Montessori Society 25.1 (2013): 24-29. ERIC. Web. 24 Feb. 2014. This article gives detail about Montessori schooling from the parents perspective. This article is mostly opinion and experience instead of information and facts. This would be a good article to pair with one with information on what Montessori education is. Though this does not have any citations of other sources it is a credible article. The truth and feelings the author has about Montessori education is very apparent. Kirby, Karen. "A Question Of Choice." Montessori Life 15.2 (2003): 18-20. ERIC. Web. 18 Feb. 2014. This article discusses the choices a child should be given when presented with lessons in the classroom. Arguments are made for and against whether a child should be given an option on a lesson or given free choice from the start. There are parenthetical citations throughout the article giving it a lot of support behind the arguments. This article would be appropriate and beneficial to those learning about education options for children and also upcoming teachers.

Lillard, Angeline S. "Playful Learning and Montessori Education." American Journal of Play5.2 (2013): 157-86. ERIC. Web. 5 Feb. 2014. This article explains what Montessori is, whether it is playful learning or not, and how its efficient. Lillard explains how Montessori education avoids fantasy but still focuses on playful learning. There is plenty of research about the outcomes of Montessori education that the author has done to make the understanding of playful Montessori teachings more clear. This article is appropriate for those who have a misunderstanding of Montessori education. Also, for those who have no idea what Montessori education is. McKenzie, Ginger Kelley. Victoria S.2. "Montessori Instruction: A Model For Inclusion In Early Childhood Classrooms And Beyond." Montessori Life 24.1 (2012): 32-38. Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 5 Feb. 2014. This article provides information on how to teach using Montessori philosophy. McKenzie also includes the curriculum for Montessori education and the different types of learning used in this method. To back up the information in this article the author includes cases where this learning style is used with real children. There is an emphasis on the fact that Montessori education is a special needs based method that has a high success rate. Reading this journal would be beneficial for future teachers wanting to know about different types of schools they could work in. Also, parents with children who have special needs that want proof that this method of learning works well with many struggles children have in basic schools. Murray, Angela. "Montessori Elementary Philosophy Reflects Current Motivation Theories." Montessori Life: A Publication Of The American Montessori Society 23.1 (2011): 22-33. ERIC. Web. 26 Feb. 2014. This article provides in depth information on Montessori philosophy and compares it to motivation theory. There are comparisons from many different people who have done studies and written articles on motivation theory and Montessori philosophy. There are parenthetic citations all throughout the article and a reliable references list. This article would be good for those who want to know more about Montessori philosophy and why it works. Ryniker, Douglas H., and Alan R. Shoho. "Student Perceptions Of Their Elementary Classrooms: Montessori Vs. Traditional Environments." Montessori Life 13.1 (2001): 4548. Education Research Complete. Web. 10 Mar. 2014. This article compares traditional schools and Montessori schools environments and the approach they take to education. The attitudes of the children in each classroom are studied and evaluated. The conclusion of this article is about which classroom the children are more involved in. This would be a good article to find information about the differences of Montessori and traditional classrooms and which would be best for different children.

Seldin, Tim. "The Montessori Foundation." Dr. Montessori : A Historical Perspective. The Montessori Foundation. 3 Aug. 2010. Web. 30 Jan. 2014. This article gives background information on who Maria Montessori is and what her philosophy is. Seldin explains Montessoris school experience and the independent studies she did after finding her career as a physician. Numerous paragraphs give detail on tests and experiments done and the results that came from them. Towards the end of the article we get more information on how Montessoris philosophy on education works and who this type of education is best for. Seldin gives much detail on how the Montessori philosophy evolved and how it is still growing and becoming more modern. This article is useful for parents, teachers, and students who want to know their options on education. The amount of detail and background information gives a good foundation for starting research.