CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL SYSTEMS AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
SOCIAL SYSTEM Role Conflict when others have a different perceptions or
- A complex set of human relationship interacting in many ways. expectations of a persons role, that person tends to experience - Open Systems that interact w/ their surroundings Role Ambiguity people are not sure how they should act in situation of SOCIAL EQUILIBRIUM this type. - Systems interdependent parts are in dynamic working balance. Status social rank of a person in a group. FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL EFFECTS 2 TYPES OF STATUS Functional Effect favorable for the system 1. Achieved anything you have acquired Dysfunctional Effect action or change creates unfavorable effects 2. Ascribed anything that is unplanned and learned PSYCHOLOGICAL & ECONOMIC CONTRACTS Status System define the individuals rank relative to others in the Psychological Contract defines the conditions of each employees group. psychological involvement Status Anxiety becoming seriously upset over their status Exchange Theory suggest that whenever a continuing relationship exists Status deprivation Losing Face loss of status between two parties, each person regularly examine the rewards and costs Status Symbols visible, external things that attach to a person or of that interaction. workplace and serve as evidence of social rank. Economic Contract - ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE set of assumptions, beliefs, values and norms SOCIAL CULTURE environment of human-created beliefs, customs, that are shared by an organizations members. knowledge and practices. CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURES Cultural Diversity rich variety of differences among people at work Distinctive Integrated raises the issue of fair treatment for workers who are not in positions of Stable Accepted authority. Implicit A reflection of top management Discrimination exhibited as an action Symbolic Subcultures Prejudice attitude No one type is best Of Varying Strengths Work Ethic viewing work as very important and as a desirable goal in 9 TYPES OF ORGANIZATONAL CULTURE life. 1. Normative - acc. to the norms and rules defined Social Responsibility - recognition that organizations have significant 2. Pragmatic - Customer satisfaction is the main motive influence on the social system and that influence must be properly 3. Academy employees stick to org. and grow w/ it. considered and balanced in organizational actions. E.g. hospitals, universities, and large corporations. Role pattern of actions expected of a person in activities involving 4. Baseball - employees - most treasured possession of the organization others. E.g. advertising and investment banking Role Perceptions how they think they are supposed to act in their own 5. Club - individuals are hired as per their specialization, educational roles and how others should act in their roles. qualification and interests Mentor role model who guides another employee by sharing valuable E.g. law firms, the military advice on roles to play and behaviors to avoid. 6. Fortress - undergoes massive changes; E.g. loans and savings, large car companies 7. Macho - employees is reviewed from time to time and their work is thoroughly monitored 8. Work-hard - strong client relationship 9. Process - acc. to laws
Organizational Socialization - continuous process of transmitting key
elements of an organizations culture to its employees. Storytelling a way to forge a culture and build organizational identity. Individualization occurs when employees successfully exert influence on the social system around them at work by challenging the culture or deviating from it. Socialization VS Individualization Socialization impact of organizational culture on employee; acceptance of norms Individualization impact of employee on organizational culture; deviation from norms 3 STEPS/PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION 1. Pre-arrival - encompasses the learning before a new member joins the organization 2. Encounter - The employee compares her expectations to organizational reality 3. Metamorphosis already adopt the culture; Employee attitudes and behavior change
4 COMBINATIONS OF SOCIALIZATION and INDIVIDUALIZATION