Several Metrical Relations Regarding the Anti-Bisector, the Anti-Symmedian, the Anti-Height and their Isogonal

Professor Ion Ptracu Fraii Buzeti National College, Craiova Professor Florentin Smarandache University of New Mexico, U.S.A. We suppose known the definitions of the isogonal cevian and isometric cevian; we remind that the anti-bisector, the anti-symmedian, and the anti-height are the isometrics of the bisector, of the symmedian and of the height in a triangle. It is also known the following Steiner (1828) relation for the isogonal cevians AA1 and
' AA1 :
' AB 2 BA1 BA1 ' = CA1 CA1 AC Well prove now that there is a similar relation for the isometric cevians

Proposition ' two isometric cevians, then there exists In the triangle ABC let consider AA1 and AA1 the following relation: ' sin BAA sin BAA 1 sin B 2 1 (*) = ' sin CAA sin C sin CAA 1 1 Proof

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
A

C A1 B A1 Fig. 1 The sinus theorem applied in the triangles ABA1 , ACA1 implies (see above figure) sin BAA 1 sin B = (1) BA1 AA1 sin CAA 1 sin C = (2) CA1 AA1

( )

( )

From the relations (1) and (2) we retain sin BAA 1 sin B BA1 = sin C CA1 sin CAA 1

( ) ( )

(3)

' ' , ABA1 The sinus theorem applied in the triangles ACA1 leads to ' sin CAA 1 sin C = ' ' A1C AA1 ' sin BAA 1 sin B = ' ' BA1 AA1 From the relations (4) and (5) we obtain: ' ' sin BAA 1 sin B BA1 = ' ' sin C CA1 sin CAA

( )

(4)

( )
1

(5)

' ' = BA1 Because BA1 = CA1 and AC ) the cevians being isometric), from the relations (3) 1 and (6) we obtain relation (*) from the propositions enouncement.

( ) ( )

(6)

Applications ' is its isometric, that is an 1. If AA1 is the bisector in the triangle ABC and AA1 anti-bisector, then from (*) we obtain ' sin BAA 1 sin B 2 (7) = ' sin C sin CAA1

2.

( ) ( ) Taking into account of the sinus theorem in the triangle ABC we obtain sin BAA AC ( ) = AB sin CAA ( )
' 1 2 ' 1

(8)

' If AA1 is symmedian and AA1 is an anti-symmedian, from (*) we obtain ' sin BAA 1 AC 3 = ' AB sin CAA 1

Indeed, AA1 being symmedian it is the isogonal of the median AM and sin MAB sin B = and sin C sin MAC
' sin BAA 1
' 1

( ) ( )

( (

) )

( ) = sin (MAC ) = sin C = AB sin CAA ) sin B AC ( ) sin (MAB

' 3. If AA1 is a height in the triangle ABC , A1 ( BC ) and AA1 is its isometric (antiheight), the relation (*) becomes. sin BAA 1' AC 2 cos C = ' AB cos B sin CAA 1

Indeed

( (

) )

( ) ( ) therefore sin BAA AC BA ( ) = AB CA sin CAA ( ) From (*) it results sin BAA AC CA ( ) = AB BA sin CAA ( )
' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 1

' = BA1 ; sin CAA ' = CA1 sin BAA 1 1 AB AC

or

CA1 = AC cos C and BA1 = AB cos B therefore

' sin BAA 1
' 1

" ' is the isogonal of the anti-bisector AA1 then 4. If AA1

" AB 3 BA1 = (Maurice DOcagne, 1883) " A1 C AC

AC cos C ( ) = AB cos B sin CAA ( )

2

Proof " ' and AA1 is The Steiners relation for AA1
" ' AB 2 BA1 BA1 ' = " A1 C AC AC 1

But AA1 is the bisector and according to the bisector theorem

' AC = BA1 therefore 1
' CA1 AB = ' BA1 AC and we obtain the DOcagne relation

BA1 AB ' = = CA1 and but BA1 CA1 AC

" ' 5. If in the triangle ABC the cevian AA1 is isogonal to the symmedian AA1 then
" AB 4 BA1 = " A1 C AC

Proof Because AA1 is a symmedian, from the Steiners relation we deduct that
2 BA1 AB = CA1 AC " ' , AA1 The Steiners relation for AA1 gives us
" ' AB BA1 BA1 = " ' A1 C CA1 AC Taking into account the precedent relation, we obtain " AB 4 BA1 = " A1 C AC 6. " ' If AA1 is the isogonal of the anti-height AA1 in the triangle ABC in which the height

AA1 has A1 ( BC ) then

" AB 3 cos B BA1 = " A1 C AC cos C

Proof If AA1 is height in triangle ABC A1 ( BC ) then

BA1 AB cos B = AC AC cos C 1

' ' ' = BA1 Because AA1 is anti-median, we have BA1 = CA1 and AC then 1 BA1'' AC cos C = A1'' C AB cos B

Observation The precedent results can be generalized for the anti-cevians of rang k and for their isogonal.