Phoenicians

Chapter 30

May 1st – Report surfaces that President Ford and President Sadat to meet in
Europe next month to discuss Middle East.
May 5th – Ford White House announces meeting between President and Israeli
Prime Minister Itzhak Rabin on June 11th – 12th in Washington D.C. (after) President
Ford’s European meeting with President Sadat.
May 6th – Jordan’s King Hussein leaves Washington D.C. with U.S. commitment
for “air defense system” for Jordan, Israeli officials are “furious” over move. King
Hussein says new leadership in Syria and Egypt has helped Arab states reassess
position and unify Arab policy toward Israel, “Jordan, Egypt, and Syria ready to
make peace; these countries accept conditions laid down for peace if Israel
withdraws from Arab territories and recognizes Palestinians.” (IF) Hussein agrees
with PLO leader Yasser Arafat, Israeli recognition of Palestinians could mean an end
to present-day Israel.
Israel also troubled by military infusions to Egypt and Syria.
On the surface United States re-assessment appears to be weighted rather
heavily “against” Israelis, the new American policy “not” emerging as prominently
as new atmosphere for negotiations of Egyptian-Israeli agreement.
Israeli officials are now “ready” to discuss withdrawal from nearly 50% of Sinai.
Secretary of State “Henry Kissinger” says “United States definitely ‘not’ tilting
towards the Arabs, but attempting to achieve just and durable peace in the Middle
East.”
May 7th – For the 1st time in 8-years (since Israeli-Arab 1967 War) the 1st of 15-
ships trapped in the Suez Canal leaves the canal under its own power (only two
ships leave under own power, rest to be sold for scrap) – West German Captain
“Helmut Raasch” tells of the many different things the crews of the trapped ships
did while trapped in canal… there is a fleet of tugboats ready to remove other 13-
ships, the canal is scheduled to re-open on June 5th.
May 9th – Israel’s former Foreign Minister “Abba Eban” says the collapse of Henry
Kissinger’s Middle East peace effort was Israel’s fault.
May 12th – Cross border raid by Israelis on PLO installations in South Lebanon
 May 13th – Israeli commandos cross over border and bring back 3-Arabs
suspected of collaborating with PLO – Defense Minister “Shimon Peres” says
Jordanian troops and tanks on move along cease-fire line.
May 14th – Israeli and PLO gunners exchange artillery fire on 3rd day of border
clashes.
Egyptian President Sadat “plans” to ask the United States for financial aid to pay
off the huge debt to Russia for military weapons. Said he will discuss matter with
President Ford next month in Austria.
May 15th – Lebanon’s Prime Minister “Takieddin (Rachid El) Solh” resigns after 6-
months in office.
May 16th – Military warehouse in Tel Aviv – blows up – no people present
May 18th – In Damascus President Anwar Sadat says he will be speaking for a
United Arab World against Israel when he speaks to President Ford (they will be
meeting in Salzburg on June 1st). PLO leader Yasser Arafat stands with Sadat.
May 19th – Egypt reports it is ready for peace or war!
Israel approves plans to resettle 60,000 Jews in “occupied” Arab territories over
next 17-year period, to ease the congestion of cities. Plan does not change Israelis
willingness to return “some” of Arab lands in exchange for peace settlement.
In the Dekwaneh, a district of Beirut, five people are killed and 24-wounded on
May 20th, 1975 in confrontations involving supporters of the Palestinian Tal al
Zaata camp and Phalange Party members, in fear businesses closed their doors
protesting about the lack of security.
May 21st – three persons reported killed in Beirut
Syria agrees to 6-month extension for UN buffer force keeping Syria and Israel
apart.
May 22nd – Christian fighters launch heavy mortar attack on Palestinian refugee
camp on outskirts of Beirut. This in conjunction with continued street fighting in
Beirut, where it is noted by International press there is no “strong authority” to stop
the fighting – latest shooting continues near an on-going street fair.
76 United States Senators sign letter “urging” President Ford to “guarantee”
Israel all the help it needs to deter war by its neighbors. Israel “potent”
Congressional support “believes” Ford White House is delaying arms request for
Israel as means of “forcing” concessions of occupied Arab lands. Senator Jacob
Javits says, “believes letter to promote chances for Middle East peace.” Senators
Mike Mansfield and Charles Percy among members “not” signing letter.
Israeli ambassador delighted with letter, Ambassador “Simcha Dintz” says the
letter indicates that the majority of Americans support Israel. League of Arab States
representative “Clovis Maksoud” believes Arabs to be hurt by letter and is sorely
disappointed by contents of Letter.

On May 23rd, following the resignation of the Government of Rachid El Solh, the
President Suleiman Kabalan Beik Frangieh, puts together a military
government. His new government is led by “Noureddine al Rifai” a retired Corporal,
and included only one civilian, “Lucien Dahah1”. This government was put in charge
of re-establishing the peace in the country caused by the bloody clashes between
the Phalange Party and the Resistance – which at this date were still running
rampant in Beirut and the immediate region.
None really understood this move by President Franjieh, some believed it was
part of a plot to cement Maronite dominance of the government, others believed he
was attempting to force his hesitant army to intervene in the fighting (or) perhaps
he sincerely thought that a strong inter-confessional military government with
unquestionable authority over the army would avert widespread conflict, though all
agreed that Lebanon’s democracy would be sacrificed.
The Syrian (naturally) foreign minister “Abdal Halim Khaddam” warned the
Lebanese politicians that the Lebanese Army was capable of uniting its ranks,
staging a coup d’etat, and imposing a military dictatorship --- and Syrian was having
none of that.
May 25th – 200 Israeli troops cross over the border (latest raid is the biggest by
Israelis in number of troops crossing the border) – The Israelis end up fighting the
Lebanese Army for 14-hours. The Israelis are noted as being “stuck” in Lebanon,
whereas the United Nations notifies Beirut that Israel only wants to get troops out of
Lebanon and that Israel says the “raid” was a mistake.

1
Lucien Dahdah (BA ’49), former Foreign Minister of Lebanon died on November 16, 2003, at the age of 74. He had served in
the interim military cabinet of Noureddine Rifai in May 1975 and was the only civilian minister in the cabinet. Born in 1929,
Dahdah studied at AUB, at the Sorbonne in Paris, and at several universities in England. He was also a professor at AUB and
later chaired the board of directors of Intra Investment from 1970 to 1976 and again from 1989 to 1993. Prominent in the
development of media agencies, he was a founding member of the Tele-Orient television station and a founder of the Monte-
Carlo Moyen-Orient Radio Station.
 May 26th, 1975 the military Cabinet in Lebanon resigns, as Islamic and “leftist”
leaders voice strong objections and rejected the Cabinet. The Lebanese in objection
considered it a challenge; now “Rashid Abdul Hamid Karami” presents his choices to
form a new government --- this in a climate of terror imposed by the militias ---
lootings, killings and kidnappings are the order of the day. So far over 70-people
have been killed in the battle between Christians and PLO.
The Southern Border is heavily patrolled, where it is reported that Israel has
again entered into Lebanon in 2nd day of raids – Israelis deny reports, and it is noted
that in Beirut there is “no” force willing or “able” to bring fighting to an end.
Although Israelis deny reports there were Israeli fighter planes involved and it is
reported that at “least” seven Lebanese killed and two Israeli soldiers.
In “Aita al Shaab”, the biggest clash between Lebanese Army and Israeli troops
occurs – where the Israelis were conducting a house-to-house search for PLO
members and the Lebanese Army interfered – fighting lasted for several hours.
May 27th – Fighting continues in the streets of Beirut as Lebanese President
Suleiman Franjieh tries to assemble new government.
May 28th – New government for Lebanon – “Rashid Abdul Hamid Karami” who
has been Prime Minister seven times before is given the job of forming a new
cabinet; it will be his job to bring fighting to a halt. He makes strong promise to halt
the fighting, as the 2nd Prime Minister in 5-days.
May 29th – Gun fire exchanged across border for over 4-hours.
On May 30th, 1975 thirty Christian civilians are rounded up in West Beirut, most
dragged from their cars, and murdered in cold blood on the street – noted as the
first major check point massacre of civilians in the war.

June 1st - The violence in the streets continues although it is noted that the PLO
is no longer manning any roadblocks, but the Christian militia maintains theirs’ –
Lebanese Army is helping the police patrol the streets – to no avail a bomb explodes
in shopping center and the “security forces” get in fight with local street insurgents.
June 2nd – Israel constructing new settlement in Golan Heights.
USSR to give Libya a nuclear reactor.
June 3rd – Street to street fighting reported in Beirut – Christians and PLO. A
Christian was kidnapped, they then seized a bus as reprisal – the bus was allowed to
proceed after promises that the kidnapped man would be set free.
 June 4th – Talk in halls of United Nations by “non-aligned” countries that they
may make an attempt at expelling Israel from body – newly appointed US
Ambassador to UN “Daniel Moynihan” says if Israel expelled the United States
“should” withdraw financial support from UN.
June 5th – Arab terrorists state rocket attack on Israeli town to coincide with 8th
anniversary of the 1968 Middle East war.
Suez Canal reopens.
After flying to town attacked by rockets, Israeli Prime Minister Itzhak Rabin says
prospect for peace in the Middle East still looks very good.
June 6th – Israeli Foreign Minister “Yigal Allon” says he has drawn up Middle East
peace plan including a “solution” to Palestinian problem – he says Israel is willing to
give up “most” of land captured in 1967.
US Senator Robert Byrd “hints” that Henry Kissinger may be going back to the
Middle East on peace mission.
June 9th – PM Rabin to fly to Washington to meet with Ford Administration, he is
ready to move quickly in settling another “interim” agreement in Sinai, but links
success of this (agreement) on America’s willingness to make new “arms”
commitments to Israel.
June 10th – USA Defense Secretary “James Schlesinger” reveals they have aerial
reconnaissance photos that show the placement of USSR missiles in Persian Gulf
port in Somalia.
June 11th – Jordan and Syria reach agreement to join forces in “any” future war
against Israel.
June 12th – Britain to supply Egypt with arms worth $1 billion.
Ten Arabs arrested on sabotage charges in Jerusalem area.
President Ford and PM Rabin conclude talks in DC – whereas PM Rabin says
further concessions necessary for “interim” peace, Henry Kissinger says parallel
approach on both sides seems to be apparent move towards peace. It is also
reported that there were secret talks made some months back with Egypt on the
movement of Israeli cargo through the newly opened Suez Canal. And that PM
Rabin assumes every past agreement must be carried out before any new
agreements are reached.
June 13th – PM Begin delays departure from DC to meet again with Kissinger –
strong indications given that Israel will give up Gidi and Mitla passes and oil field at
Abu Rudeis in exchange for Egyptian agreement to a long-term mandate for United
Nations police force and “certain” elements of non-belligerency.
June 15th – Israelis kill four PLO guerrillas in farmhouse in Israeli border town of
“Kfar Yuval”. Commandos reportedly crossed border during the night, shot and
wounded occupants of the farmhouse and then took them hostage.
PLO rocket attack at border town, two killed and four wounded. Israeli Defense
Minister Shimon Peres visits the border – in afternoon another PLO rocket attack is
commissioned
June 16th – US Government gives okay for Saudi Arabia to buy controlling interest
in Commonwealth Bank of Detroit.
More border fire exchanged across border – Israeli woman dies of wounds she
received in yesterday’s guerrilla attack.
June 17th – USA decides to build six navy facilities on the tiny island of Diego
Garcia in the Indian Ocean.
June 19th – Syrian Foreign Minister “Abdel Khaddam” arrives in D.C. to meet with
Henry Kissinger – Syria no longer considered tough and unpredictable – Syria is said
to be ready to go along with deal between Egypt and Israel of agreement is
reached.
Secretary General of Israeli Labor Party has decided how much captured territory
Israel would give up if Middle East agreement reached – they say Israel would keep
Golan Heights and Gaza Strip, but would negotiate Jordan’s West Bank and most of
Sinai. But they would keep “Sharm El Sheikh (in Sinai)” and military control of West
Bank.
June 20th – PM Rabin said he received a “cool” reception from President Ford
after telling him Israel intended to keep “most” of conquered land from 1967 War,
including the Golan Heights, East Sinai and military presence in West Bank.
Syria (in its meeting with Ford Administration) says it won’t give up demand for
return of “Golan Heights” as price for peace. Both Egypt and Syria reject the Israeli
proposal.
June 23rd – Israel offers Egypt UN-controlled corridor to “Abu Rudeis” oil fields in
Sinai (if) oil fields are given back to Egyptians under new peace agreement.
June 25th – Egypt returns remains of two Israeli terrorists who assassinated
Britain’s top official in Middle East in 1944 – in exchange Israel hands over 20-Arab
security prisoners arrested in anti-Israeli charges.
 Ford White House tells State Department to “rebuke” the Israeli government for
leaking confidential exchanges to “newspapers”, during the past few days.
June 26th – Fighting reported in Beirut – police report the conflict is spreading like
wildfire.
June 27th – Beirut – fighting spreads to various sections of the city. Heaviest
fighting is concentrated on the streets separating Muslim and Christian
neighborhoods – Still no agreement reached on formation of new government – and
local forces either don’t want to or are unable to stop fighting.
FBI announces the arrest of two-Lebanese2 for spying in the United States for
the USSR – “Sarkis O Paskalian” and “Sahag K Dedeyan” the employer of Paskalian
was surprised say he is a good diamond cutter. It is noted that three men at the
United Nations mission in New York served as contracts for Paskalian. FBI says
Lebanese diamond jeweler Sarkis Paskalian Soviet spy since 1970.
June 29th – Beirut street fighting intensifies – special Lebanese police task force
sent into area between Christian and Muslim areas – the task force retreats because
the “crisis” is too large to handle by police. PLO remains in the background in this
incident, claiming it is strictly an internal affair.
Prime Minister Rashid Karami meets with President Suleiman Franjieh and
reports he has found formula that “could” end fighting tomorrow.
June 30th – Fighting continues, many casualties are reported. Lebanon moves to
form new government, all religious groups to be representative in new cabinet. This
event is rated the worst since independence (1958 is recalled) the Government
admits it can not contain the violence, whereas the Lebanese Army remains in
barracks – afraid to inflame the already uncontrollable violence.
On July 1st, 1975 Lebanon has a new government; the new Cabinet includes the
following six-members of “Rashid Karami”
Rashid Karami: Prime Minister, Minister of Finance, National Defense,
Information Camille Chamoun: Minister of Interior, Telecommunications,

2
Sedaq K. Dedayan, an employee of the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, and his relative, Sarkis O. Paskalian,
were arrested by the FBI. Dedayan, who was cleared for access to classified information, frequently violated security procedures
by taking classified documents home with him at night. Apparently unknown to Dedayan, Paskalian was photographing the
classified documents and transmitting the photographs to Soviet agents. Dedayan was charged with violating the Espionage Act
by failing to report the illegal photographing of documents in his possession. Paskalian was charged with conspiring with Soviet
agents to gather and transmit national defense information. Dedayan was convicted and sentenced to three years. Paskalian
pleaded guilty to espionage and was sentenced to 22 years.
Hydraulic/Elect Adel Osseirane: Minister of Justice, Public Works,
Economy and Trade:
Magid Arslane; Minister of Health, Agriculture, Housing/Cooperatives:
Philippe Takla: Minister of Foreign Affairs, National Education/Plan:
Ghassan Tueni: Minister of Labor/Social Affairs, Tourism, Industry/Oil:
This government intended to (in a climate of daily fights and extreme tension)
dismantle the barricades, take away heavy armaments, suppress defense positions,
and the reopen roads.
What begin as a demonstration by the Christians against the “armed” PLO in is
now a full-blown battle between the Christians and Muslims.
Violence continues – and is commonplace with shooting and acts of dynamiting
occurring throughout the city, the economy is crippled and people leave the city in
packs.
Prime Minister Karami and PLO Yasser Arafat agree to join and “enforce” a
cease-fire throughout Lebanon – the city is primarily deserted, with most roads
blocked and the streets full of roving gangs of militias.
Jul 2nd – United States Army Colonel Ernest Morgan is dragged from taxi and
kidnapped by the PLO who thought he was a general, although fighting is reported
as being less since cease-fire order. The “token” Army is now in the street, and
most armed men off the streets. The port is paralyzed and most business people
believe Beirut will disappear as international business center. It is feared Beirut is
another Belfast, Ireland.
Report from “bunker” manned by Phalange party that overlooks the Muslim
community – firing continues despite cease-fire, for the last 13-hours. Men in
bunker are only firing when fired on – security police now patrol the city and it is
noted that thousands of businessmen and their families have left Beirut.
The deep rooted political religious differences at the base of the violence and are
growing wider, and more commonplace in everyday conversation in and around
Lebanon.
Jul 3rd – Lebanon’s new cabinet discusses security and the effectiveness of the
local police against the overwhelming forces, it is reported that over 290 people
have died in the 10-day rampage.
PLO Yasser Arafat says it is the 5th Middle East War or if not its “imminent”. His
guerrillas have stepped up their activities and training –
 Israel ambassador “Simcha Dinitz” in the meantime flies to meet Henry Kissinger
in the Virgin Islands.
Jul 4th – Explosion in Jerusalem shopping center kills 13 and wound 78, 300
suspects are arrested, with some Israelis taking vengeance on some Arabs…2
Americans are hurt in the blast, Mark Katz and Deborah Levine – students from
Virginia.
PLO takes credit for the blast – Yasser Arafat has called for a “Step-Up” in his
organizations terrorist activities
Jul 5th – 30 are killed – 50 wounded near Syrian frontier when bomb accidentally
explodes during military training exercise for civilians.
Henry Kissinger returns from Virgin Island talk with Israelis – he notes
“concessions” made by President Sadat – Israelis are generally encouraged by
Kissinger’s feelings and his general attitude toward Israel.
Jul 6th – United States Army Colonel Ernest Morgan (kidnapped on 2 nd) is under
threat of death by Lebanese terrorist group – the Revolutionary Socialist Action
party is claiming he is a spy. Food, building supplies from U.S. is demanded for the
“toiling masses” for his ransom – US denies he is spy, and that he was en-route
from base in Turkey.
Jul 7th – Israelis attack Palestinian guerrilla bases and villages (3-refugee camps,
where the inhabitants expected retaliation) in South Lebanon in retaliation for
Jerusalem blast – 13 killed and 37 wounded. PM Rabin says “will only talk to
terrorists in the language of the sword.”
Lebanese government and PLO said they are close to finding kidnapped
American Colonel.
Christians and Muslims “opposed” due to action of the PLO guerrillas in noted,
and it is also noted that Christians goal is to reduce the presence of PLO in Lebanon,
and in order to do this they will have to give more power to the in-country Muslims
and that a social-welfare plan will have to be set in place for the poor, which are
now mostly the Muslims.
“Time” magazine reports on the number of PLO members killed by Israeli secret
agents during recent Beirut street fighting – eight and 13 wounded.
Jul 8th – Search continues for kidnapped Colonel – released tape with Morgan
says he is alright, said he explained his journey and they believed him, but they
have their own motives.
 Egypt and Israel cite progress – but deal not wrapped. Egypt wants Gidi and
Mitla passes “evacuated” and Israel wants to retain control of end of passes near
Israel – length of passes may be redefined.
Jul 9th – No new word on Colonel Ernest Morgan and today is deadline, who was
kidnapped right in front of Lebanese Security Forces – US Embassy is tight-lipped
over the entire affair.
Lebanese and PLO have failed in their attempt to obtain release of Colonel –
more photos and tape released, with him saying to take the demands they made for
food and building supplies.
Jul 10th - Revolutionary Socialist Action give Americans till Saturday to meet
their ransom demands (two more days), they announce he will be executed. PLO
denounces the kidnapping, last they need is the US Army arriving in Lebanon
looking for their “kidnapped” Colonel and are going all out to find the renegade
group. It is believed that PLO might know where the Colonel is, while Lebanon’s
Internal Security Forces also have a “fair” idea, but are waiting for conformation
from PLO.
King Hussein (Jordan) says he is building up his “arms” arsenal with United
States purchases – to prevent Israel from striking through Jordan at Syria or Saudi
Arabian oil.
Jul 11th (Friday) – In Beirut “free” food is given out – Morgan may be released soon –
there are conflicting reports where the food is from.
His brother Sherman Morgan is interviews in Petersburg, Virginia calls the whole
thing a nightmare and that his family is trying to do whatever they can to get
supplies overseas.
It is reported that Saudi Arabia will pay for goods to supply the demands of the
kidnappers and their “slum” neighborhood – PM Rashid Karami says Morgan to be
released soon – Lebanon officials in charge of distribution of goods that Saudis
purchase – the Guerrilla leader, “Aboul Abbas” holds news conference to deny
kidnapping – United States embassy says little with regard to incident, deadline is
still Saturday (one more day).
Jul 12th – Colonel Ernest Morgan is freed by Lebanese guerrillas – reasons given
by his captors is that first he is a Negro and that he confessed as being a spy and
that the United States met ransom demands – Morgan denies being a spy and the
U.S. denies sending ransom supplies. His mother (“Evelyn Morgan Johnson”) and
brother are very happy.
Israeli war planes attack refugee center and reported guerrilla weapons stash
near Sidon – 2nd attack in week that refugee camp is bombed – armed PLO return
fire, PLO claim Israel pilots captured. PLO is surprised; this is not a “reprisal” attack,
but a first move by Israelis.
Jul 15th – Egypt wants United Nation peace-keeping force out of Sinai desert after
July 24th if no peace moves by Israel, according to Foreign Minister Ismail Fahmy.
Kissinger’s reply is that this move by the Egyptians demonstrated their feeling that
the Israelis are “stalling”. He suggests the UN stay right where they are!
Jul 16th – Henry Kissinger says that “Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn” is a great writer of
his period, but says his views for the United States to overthrow the Soviet system
is a direct threat to World Peace.
Henry Kissinger says Egypt’s demands and a deadline of July 24 th is unfortunate,
but it could be for another reason. He also says that the timing is “poor” and that it
cold hurt the negotiations with Israel – he says, “letter could have been used to call
attention to stalemate in negotiations”. Agreement can be made if kept in mind
that result of negotiations break-down will transcend difficulties of the negotiations.
UN Secretary General “Kurt Waldheim” says Egypt might extend United Nations
forces mandate if political solution is provided by Security Council.
Foreign Minister “Ismail Fahmy” accuses Israel of wanting mandate renewed to
“stall” negotiations saying, “Egypt only objects to use of force and its presence by
Israel to maintain state of no war-no peace.” And that deterioration of situation is
responsibility of Israeli Prime Minister Rabin.
PM Itzhak Rabin says aggravating tensions in desert doesn’t add to reaching new
territorial settlement. Israel doesn’t believe action means much – Egyptian way of
apply pressure for more concessions.
Forces in the “buffer zone” are Indonesia, Finland, Sweden, Ghana, and Senegal
– Canada and Poland have support roles. In the Golan Heights, Peru battalion to
leave on Friday – there is no replacement nation, and if not replaced, force there to
be cut by 30%.
Jul 18th – Three Arab guerrillas are killed near Lebanon border near Metulla, Israel
– they are said to have belonged to the Arab Liberation Front and in Tel Aviv two
terrorists are arrested at airport with explosives.
 Jul 21st – Egyptian troops fire on United Nations positions in Sinai, now Israel
steps up its military movement there.
Israel plan includes American technicians to join Israelis and Egyptians at
electronic listening posts in Sinai – and Israel would yield most of Gidi and Mitla
passes but retain control of eastern slopes in Sinai to build defense line.
Israel will relinquish oil fields at Au Rudeis.
Report given on Cairo - Egypt:
Inflation at 30% per year
Average income $250 per year
Basic foods – short supply
Country Government – Broke
Industry – very little
Population 45% under 14 years old
7 million living in city that can accommodate 3 million
Jul 22nd – US backs down from offer to sell Jordan $350 million anti-aircraft
missiles and guns.
Last May – State Department sale of $216,000 of handguns and ammunition to
private arms dealer in Beirut (additional approval for 500-2000 guns suspended).

Jul 23rd – Israeli troops attack South Lebanon, and take six Arabs back for
questioning – seven Israelis and Lebanese women and child hurt.
U.S. House Representative Les Aspin says “Syria” and “Libya” were allowed to
buy $4 million of American military equipment in 1974.
Jul 24th – UN Security Council votes 13-0 to extend UN Sinai force mandate for
three more months, says Egypt insists Israeli troops be removed from Gidi and Mitla
passes and from corridor to Sinai oil fields.
Jul 25th – PM Itzhak Rabin rejects most of the Egyptian proposals for Sinai interim
agreement and says President Sadat has the upper hand.
Jul 27th – Interview with President’s wife “Jihan Sadat” points she believes in:
1. Advocates birth control
2. Visits welfare centers
3. Equal rights for women
4. Against having men having more than one wife
5. Free rights for divorce and keeping children
 6. Believed in women’s liberation very strongly
7. Women should have only two children, and be sterilized afterwards
8. She is a freshman at University of Cairo – they have four children, with 2 of
them in higher grades.
Jul 31st – Boston Globe reports that Israel how has ten nuclear bombs, ex-
intelligence agent agrees that Israel has nuclear bombs – Israeli Foreign Minister
calls reports speculative.