Section A Four suggested answers labelled A, B, C and D are given for each question. Choose one correct answer.

1. When one mole of sodium bromide dissolves in water, the enthalpy change is -8 kJ mol-1. If the lattice energy of sodium bromide and the hydration energy of the Na+ ion are -736 kJ mol-1 and -406 mol-1 respectively, what is the hydration energy of the Brion? A -1150 kJ mol-1 B -338 kJ mol-1 C -322 kJ mol-1 D +1 150 kJ mol-1 2. Which of the following is not required in the calculation of the lattice energy of calcium oxide sing Born Haber cycle ? A. Enthalpy of hydration C. Enthalpy of atomization B. Enthalpy of ionization D. Electron affinity

3. The standard enthalpy of formation of ethanol is -278 kJ per mole. Which equation relates to the formation of ethanol under standard conditions? A. B. C. D. 2C(g) + 3H2(g) + 1/2O2 (g) 2C(s) + 3H2(g) + 1/2O2 (g) 2C(g) + 3H2(g) + 1/2O2 (g) 4C(g) + 6H2(g) + O2 (g) C2H5OH(l) C2H5OH(l) C2H5OH(l) 2C2H5OH(l)

4. Which of the following is not a disproportionation reaction ? A. B. C. D. Cl2 + NaOH 3Cl2 + 6NaOH 4HCl + MnO2 3NaOCl NaOCl + NaCl +H2O NaClO3 + 5NaCl + 3H2O Cl2 + MnCl2 + 2H20 NaClO3 + 3 NaCl

5. The relationship between electrode potential and ion concentration is given by the following Nernst equation.

For the reaction Co(s) + Ni2+ Co2+(aq) + Ni(s), the E value is +0.0300 V. If the 2+ concentration of Co is reduced to 0.1000 mol dm-3 and the concentration of Ni2+ is maintained, what is the value of E for the cell under the same conditions? A -0.0292 V B +0.0004 V C +0.0596 V D +0.0892 V

6. The graphs below show the variation in three physical properties of elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table

What are the physical properties that the graphs refer to? I II III A Boiling point Conductivity Vaporisation enthalpy B Melting point Atomic radius First ionization energy C Melting point Conductivity First ionization energy D Conductivity Atomic radius First ionization energy 7. . The successive ionization energies, in kJ mol-1 , of an element in the Periodic Table are given below. 940 (First), 2080, 3090, 4140, 7030, 7870, 16 000, 19 500 In which group in the Periodic Table is this element likely to be located? A Group 13 B Group 14 C Group 15 D Group 16

8. The carbonates of the Group 2 elements (beryllium to barium) decompose according to the equation MCO3(s)MO(s) + CO2(g). Which of the following combinations is correct when descending Group 2? Lattice energy of MCO3 Lattice energy of MO Decomposition temperature of MCO3 A Increases Increases Increases B Increases Decreases Increases C Decreases Increases Increases D Decreases Decreases Increases 9. Which statement best explains why the thermal stability of the carbonates of Group 2 metals of the Periodic Table increases going down the group? A B C D The polarization power of the metal ion towards the CO32- ion decreases The strength of ionic bond in the metal carbonate increases The radius of the metal ion increases. The electronegativity of the metal decreases

10. Which tetrachloride can bleach the colour of litmus paper at room temperature? A SiCl4 B GeCl4 C SnCl4 D D PbCl4

11. The diagram below shows the structure of a type of silicate.

Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the above structure? A It represents the structure of asbestos. B The repeating unit is SiO44C The structure is found in the mineral pyroxene. D The ratio of Si to O is 1 : 4. 12. The reactivity of the halogens Cl2, Br2 and I2 decreases down Group 17 of the Periodic Table. Which property does not influence the trend in the reactivity of the halogens? A Atomic size B Electron affinity C Ionization energy D Bond energy

13. Compared to barium, beryllium A. is a stronger reducing agent C. reacts more vigorously with water. B. forms a more basic oxide. D. form more covalent compounds

14. X, Y and Z are elements in the same short period of the Periodic Table. X reacts with both dilute hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide to form hydrogen. The oxide of Y is basic and the oxide of Z is acidic. What is the order of increasing proton number for these elements? A. X, Y, Z B. X, Z, Y C. Y, X, Z D. Z, X , Y

15. The solution produced when chlorine is bubbled through dilute sodium hydroxide can be used A as pesticide B as bleaching agent C in sterilizing water D to extract bromine

Answer sheet for Section A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Section B Answer all questions in this section. 16. a) The two common oxides of lead are lead(II) oxide and lead(IV) oxide. Lead(II) oxide dissolves readily in aqueous nitric acid. Lead(IV) oxide reacts with concentrated hydrochloric acid to form lead(II) chloride and chlorine.

i.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Lead(II) oxide and nitric acid.(1 mark) ..

ii.

What is the property shown by lead(II) oxide in the reaction in (i)?

(1 mark)

iii. Write a balanced equation for the reaction between Lead(IV) oxide with concentrated hydrochloric acid. (1 mark) iv. State the change in the oxidation number of lead in the reaction in (iii). (1 mark) v. What is the property shown by lead(IV) oxide in this reaction? (1 mark) vi. State the relative stability of lead(II) and lead(IV) compounds. (1 mark)

b) The standard reduction potentials Eo for several half cells at 25oC are as follows. Eo/V I2(aq) + 2 eS4O6 2- (aq) + 2 e2I-(aq) 2H2O (l) 2S2O32- (aq) +0.54 +1.77 +0.09 H2O2(l) + 2H+(aq) + 2 e-

i.

Arrange I2, H2O2 and S4O6 2- in ascending order of the tendency to be reduced in aqueous solutions. (1 mark)

ii.

What would be observed if a few drops of acidified aqueous hydrogen peroxide are added to excess aqueous potassium iodide? Explain your answer. (2 marks)

iii.

What would be observed if tetrachlromethane is added to the products of the reaction mixture in (ii) which is shaken? (1 mark)

17. Chlorine dissolves sparingly in water and the solution formed can be used as a bleach. (i) Write an equation for the reaction between chlorine and water. (1 mark)

(ii) Identify an active ingredient in the solution that has bleaching properties. (1 mark) (iii) Calculate the volume of 0.1000 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide solution needed to neutralize a solution containing 1.00 x 10-3 mol of chlorine. (3 marks)

Section C Answer any two questions in this section. 18. (a) Define (i) Standard enthalpy of formation. (ii) Lattice energy of an ionic crystal. (iii)Enthalpy of combustion for methane gas, CH4 and write equation for the reaction involved. (b) Calculate the lattice energy of sodium chloride with the following data. Enthalpy of atomization of Na(s) Enthalpy of atomization of Cl2(g) First ionization energy of Na(g) Electron affinity of Cl(g) Enthalpy of formation of NaCl(s) = 108 kJmol-1 = 242 kJmol-1 = 495 kJmol-1 = -355 kJmol-1 = -411 kJmol-1 (6 marks) (6 marks)

(c) What would you expect the lattice energy of sodium bromide to be higher or lower than that of sodium chloride? Explain your answer. (3 marks)

19. (a) With the aid of a labeled diagram, describe briefly how you would determine the standard electrode potential of zinc. Draw the cell diagram concerned. (b) A concentrated aqueous solution of copper(II) chloride and aqueous solution of aluminium sulphate are separately electrolysed by using carbon electrodes. Based on the standard reduction potentials of the species involved, explain the formation of products at the anode and cathode of each electrolytic cell. Write equations showing the overall reactions. (8 marks) (7 marks)

20. (a) Describe and explain the trend observed in the ease of thermal decomposition of the carbonates of the Group 2 elements.(Mg to Ba). Write equations where appropriate. (8 marks) (b) State the order of acidity of HCl, HBr and HI in an aqueous solution. Explain your answer. (7 marks)