Medlcal 1ermlnology

Chapter 1: 8as|c 1erm Components

Gus: Now, gimme a word, any word, and I'll show you how the root of that word is Greek.
Okay? How about arachnophobia? Arachna, that comes from the Greek word for spider, and
phobia is a phobia, is mean fear. So, fear of spider, there you go.
Schoolgirl: Okay, Mr. Portokalos. How about the word kimono?


LLymology
LLymology ls Lhe sLudy of Lhe orlglns and
hlsLorlcal meanlngs of words

[Cr. !"#$%&' Lrue, real, acLual + -(%)*+ "sLudy
of,aspeakingof]
LLymology of Lngllsh Medlcal
1erms
1. Compound 1erms
Csteoarthrotomy (st--r-thrt-m) [Cr.
%&"!%,, bone + +-".-%,, [olnL + "%$!, lnclslon]
Surglcal exclslon of Lhe arLlcular end of a bone







LLymology of Lngllsh Medlcal
1erms
1. Compound 1erms
2. Loan Words
Ang|na (an-jn,anj-) [L. +,)*,+, qulnsy, fr.
+,)!-!, Lo choke]
1. Anglna pecLorls
2. AcuLe sore LhroaL





LLymology of Medlcal 1erms
1. Compound 1erms
2. Loan Words
3. Lponyms [Cr. !/*' upon + %,#$+, name]








Hippocratic Facies
Proteus
LLymology of Medlcal 1erms
m|thradat|sm [MlLhrldaLes, klng of onLus,
132-63 b.c., supposed Lo have acqulred
lmmunlLy ln Lhls fashlon]

pons pl0 ponLes [L., brldge]

eccentr|c [Cr. !2, ouL, + 2!,"-%,, cenLer]


Are there any pract|ca| benef|ts to the
cont|nued use of Greek and Lat|n |n med|ca|
term|no|ogy?
racLlcal 8easons for Lhe use of Creek
and LaLln ln Medlcal 1ermlnology
1. Las||y comb|ned
Myelomenlngocele = $#!(%3 + $!,*,)%3 + 34!(!

racLlcal 8easons for Lhe use of Creek
and LaLln ln Medlcal 1ermlnology
1. Laslly comblned
2. Med|c|ne and the natura| sc|ences often
use the same Greek and Lat|n words and
word e|ements

L. "#$%&', "#$%("*&, bark
adrenocort|coLrophlc
cort|clferous


racLlcal 8easons for Lhe use of Creek
and LaLln ln Medlcal 1ermlnology
1. Laslly comblned
2. Medlclne and sclences ofLen use Lhe same Creek
and LaLln words and word elemenLs
3. art|a| restorat|on of an |nternat|ona|
|anguage
arLerlosklerose (Cerman)
arLerlosclerose (lrench)
arLerlosclerosl (lLallan)
arLerlosclerosls (Lngllsh)


Why are most med|ca| terms
der|ved from Greek words?
AncientGreekMedicinesOrigins
PlppocraLlc Corpus and PlppocraLes

AnclenL Creek Medlclne 1heorles
naLurallsm
Pumorallsm
AncientGreekMedicinesInfluence
AnclenL Creek Medlcal 1erms
Anc|ent 1erms for D|sease
Melancholla, Conorrhea, Carclnoma

AnclenL Creek Medlcal 1erms
AnclenL 1erms for ulsease

Descr|pt|ve |n nature
Amnlon
Why are there so many Lat|n
words |n med|ca| term|no|ogy?
AsslmllaLlon of Creek medlclne
lnLo 8oman culLure
Conquest of Greek |ands


AsslmllaLlon of Creek medlclne
lnLo 8oman culLure
ConquesL of Creek lands
Greek med|ca| theor|es and words
trans|ated |nto Lat|n




AsslmllaLlon of Creek medlclne
lnLo 8oman culLure
ConquesL of Creek lands
Creek medlcal Lheorles and words
LranslaLed lnLo LaLln
Lat|n became the )(*+,- .$-*"- of
Luropean academ|cs





AsslmllaLlon of Creek medlclne
lnLo 8oman culLure
ConquesL of Creek lands
Creek medlcal Lheorles and words
LranslaLed lnLo LaLln
LaLln was Lhe (*,)5+ 6-+,4+ of
Luropean academlcs
1oday Lat|n |s the |anguage of
anatom|ca| and b|o|og|ca|
nomenc|ature systems



LaLlnlzaLlon of Creek 1erms
Change LeLLers
7
8ronchos



LaLlnlzaLlon of Creek 1erms
Change LeLLers
7 bronchos

Lndlngs
-%& Lo -5&' 8-%,4.%& 7 8-%,4.5&
-! Lo 3+' ".!2! 7 ".!4+

SubsLlLuLlon
!,4!/.+(%& = 4!-!8-5$
2+-2*,%& = 4+,4!-


Synonyms ln Medlcal 1ermlnology
Greek
nephr/o 9,!/.-%&:
odonL/o 9%;%5&:
omphal/o 9%$/.+(%&:
masL/o 9$+&"%&:
Lat|n
ren/o (-!,)
denL/o (;!,&)
umblllc/o 95$8*(*45&:
mamm/o 9$+$$+:
8aslc 1erm ComponenLs

MosL medlcal Lerms have Lhree componenLs:
8ooL





koot Greek or Lat|n Lxamp|e
Angl- /*+(%, AnglLls
Aden- /0&* AdenlLls
CorLlc- <%-"!=, 1#$%("*& CorLlclLls
8ooL
Medlcal Lerms ofLen conLaln more Lhan one
rooL:
hydromye||a
nDk- (rooL), waLer + MLL- (rooL), splnal cord + -IA
(sufflx) condlLlon of

Sufflx
Suffix Part of Speech Meaning Example
-IC Adjective pertaining to phobic
(pertaining to
fear)
-IA Noun state or condition
of
hemiplegia
(condition of
paralysis of half
the body)
-ATE Verb to put into action,
perform
ligate (to apply a
ligature)

-AD

Adverb

in the direction
of; toward

cephalad (toward
the head)
Compound Sufflxes and Sufflx lorms
Greek or
Latin Root
Suffix Compound
Suffix
Meaning Example
stenos
(narrowed)
-OSIS
(condition)
-STENOSIS condition of
narrowed
angiostenosis
raphe (suture) -Y
(act of)
-RRHAPHY act of suturing angiorrhaphy
poiein (to
make)
-ESIS
(state of)
-POIESIS making of,
formation of
angiopoiesis
gramma, that
which is drawn
-GRAM Record
arthrogram
reflx
Prefix Meaning Example
EU- Normal eupnea (normal
breathing)
DYS- Difficult dyspnea (difficulty
breathing)
INTRA- Within intracystic (pertaining to
within a bladder)
EXTRA- Outside extracystic (pertaining to
outside a bladder)
reflx
noL every medlcal Lerm beglns wlLh a preflx:

antero|atera|
AN1Lk- (rooL) fronL + LA1Lk- (rooL) slde + -AL (sufflx)
perLalnlng Lo

reflx
ln some lnsLances, more Lhan one preflx may
be aLLached Lo a slngle Lerm:
subendocard|a|
SU8- (preflx) under + LNDC- (preflx) wlLhln + CAkDI
(rooL) hearL + AL (sufflx) perLalnlng Lo

lormlng Compound 1erms
L||s|on
meso- (preflx) + enter- (rooL) + on (sufflx) =
mesenLeron
perl- (preflx) + card|- (rooL) + |t|s (sufflx) =
perlcardlLls

lormlng Compound 1erms
Lllslon
Ass|m||at|on
4%, > rugaLor = corrugaLor
*, + perfecL = lmperfecL

Comblnlng vowel

A comb|n|ng vowe| ls used Lo [oln a rooL Lo anoLher
rooL or Lo a sufflx. 1he vowels mosL commonly used
areoandi;vowelssuchasa,y,anduare
someLlmes use, albelL far less ofLen.

Comblnlng vowel
A comblnlng vowel does noL add any meanlng Lo Lhe
word, lL ls used slmply for Lhe sake of euphony.


Comblnlng vowels

A rooL wlLh a comblnlng vowel ls commonly referred
Lo as a comb|n|ng form.

Root Combining
Vowel
Combining
Form
Example
HYDR- O HYDR/O hydrophobia
CEREBELL- I CEREBELL/I cerebellipetal
CEREBELL- O CEREBELL/O cerebellospinal
8aslc 1erm ComponenLs
Pyperllpemla

reflx hyper-
8ooL llp
Comblnlng form llp/o
Sufflx -emla

Word Analysls
MlcrollLhlasls
8hlnosLenosls
Carclnophobla
PypoesLhesla
erlcardlum
lor nexL LecLure
ConLlnue Lo sLudy Lables enLlLled <%$$%,
?566*=!&, <%$$%, @-!6*=!&, and <%$$%,
<%$8*,*,) A%-$&.

ueflnlLlons, Spelllng, lurals