11/6/2009

Distance Protection

Tele-protection and weak infeed

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

Selectivity in distance protection, Teleprotection is the solution

Normal setting: X1 = 0.85 XL 1 15% Faults in this area are tripped from side 2 in t2 70% 15% 2

Faults in this area are tripped Faults in this area from both sides in first-zone are tripped from time side 1 in t2

Faults on approximately 70% of the line length are cleared without delay at both line ends Faults in the remaining 30% of the line length are cleared with a time delay. Remedy: Required: Exchange of information between the two line ends Communication channel (PLC, microwave radio, fibre optic, etc.) Teleprotection logic (dedicated device or internal function in numerical protection devices)
Energy Automation Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

Teleprotection Schemes

Permissive Underreach PUTT Permissive Overreach POTT Blocking Unblocking

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

Application of Teleprotection Schemes

PUTT
Middle + long lines with FS-Carrier or FO

POTT
Pref. short lines with FS-Carrier (2-Ph coupling) FO or MW Only forward overreaching zone necessary

Blocking
All lines with AM-Carrier (less reliable channel) Reverse looking blocking zone (fast) additionally necessary

Unblocking
EHV-lines with FS-Carrier. Continuous signal sending necessary (must be admissible) No reverse looking blocking zone necessary

If second zone tripping for near end faults not allowed. Not applicable to lines with weak in feed. Simple logic!

Complex logic! Current reversal guide ECHO-logic (WI-logic)

No monitoring of the AM-channel!

PUTT - Permissive Under-reach Transfer Trip

POTT - Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

7SA522 - Permissive underreach transfer trip (PUTT)

A
Z1(A)

Z 1B(A)

Z 1B(B)

Z 1(B)

Z1 (A) Z1B T1B (A) Further zones

TS T1

transmit

transmit

TS T1

Z1 (B) Z1B T1B (A) Further zones

&

OR

Trip receive

Trip receive

OR

&

TS
Energy Automation Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

7SA522 - Permissive overreach transfer trip (POTT)

A
Z1(A)

Z 1B(A)

Z1B(B)

Z 1(B)

Z1B T1B (A)

& TS

OR

transmit

transmit

OR

TS

&

Z1B T1B (B)

& Z1 or further zones

OR

Trip receive

Trip receive

OR

& Z1 or further zones

TS

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

7SA522 - Blocking
A
Z1 (A)

FD (A)

Z1B(A) FD (A)

FD (B)

Z1B (B)

Z1 (B)

FD (B)

d dt

(u,i) (A)

d dt 40 ms 40 ms

(u,i) (B)

Forw. (A) FD (A) Z1B T1B (A)

Z1 or further zones

Forw. (B) &

TV TS

transm.

transm.

TS

&
TV

FD (B) Z1B T1B (B)

Z1 or further zones

&

trip

trip

&

rec.

rec.

TV
Energy Automation

TS
Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

7SA522 - Unblocking
A
Z1 (A)

Z1B (A)

Z1B (B)

Z1(B)
Z1B T1B (B)

Z1B T1B (A)

&

TS

fU
transm. f 0

fU f0 transm.

TS

&

& Z1 or further zones

trip

trip

1
U

& Z1 or further zones

Unblocklogic

U B
rec. rec.

Unblocklogic

f0 Off frequency (monitoring frequency) fU Unblock frequency (send frequency)

U Unblocking signal B Blocking signal

TS

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

7SA522 - Phase segregated Teleprotection

Z1B A
1

Z1 L1-E
1

L2-E

B Z1B

Z1

A1 trips single-phase in L1 with a phase-segregated L1-receive-signal Maximum of Selectivity

Note: 3 binary channels for both directions are required or one serial link

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11/6/2009

7SA522 - Teleprotection with three-terminal lines

Software provides teleprotection of threeterminal lines without additional logic

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

10

11/6/2009

7SA522 and 7SA6 Teleprotection via serial remote relay interface

PUTT and POTT schemes available: plug and protect Echo, weak infeed trip and direct trip Phase segregated Communication prepared for 2 or 3 terminal lines Transmission of operational measured values from the remote end(s) 28 remote signals can be configured in addition to the teleprotection scheme Number of remote relay interfaces: 7SA522 -> 2 7SA6 -> 1

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

>

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

11

11/6/2009

SIPROTEC 4 Communication topology: Ring and Chain

Automatic change from closed ring to chain, if side one connection is lost or not available

side 2

side 2

side 3 side 3

side 1

side 1

side 1

2 terminal line

3 terminals: Closed ring

3 terminals: Chain
Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

Energy Automation

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

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11/6/2009

SIPROTEC 4: Familiar with digital communication networks Features of the relay to relay communication
Synchronous data transmission by HDLC- protocol Permanent supervision of the data transmission Very high security with 32 bit check sum giving a hamming distance of 8 Measurement and display of signal transmission time Relay counts number of invalid telegrams: If transmission failure rate is too high the teleprotection scheme will be blocked -> switching to normal zone grading Settings for the data transmission: 64 kBit/s, 128 kBit/s or 512 kBit/s Communication device addresses Protection devices are clearly assigned to a defined protection section Detection of unwanted reflected data in the loops in communication network Data reflection for test purposes settable
Energy Automation Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

13

11/6/2009

Relay to Relay Communication New FO modules for the protection data interfaces
FO 5

O
internal

1.5 km / 0,93 miles ST820 nm connector Multimode / 8dB 1)

New !

up to 100 km
FO 17

O
internal

FO 6

O
internal

3.5 km / 2,17 miles ST820 nm connector Multimode / 16 dB 1)

25 km / 15,53 miles LC1300 nm connector Monomode / 13 dB1)

FO 18
10 km / 6,21 miles ST1300 nm connector Monomode / 7 dB 1)

FO 7

O
internal

O
internal

60 km / 37,27 miles LC1300 nm connector Monomode / 29 dB1)

FO 8

O
internal

FCconnector

35 km / 21,74 miles 1300 nm Monomode / 18 dB 1)

FO 19

O
internal

100 km / 62,11 miles LC1550 nm connector Monomode / 29 dB1)

1) Permissive path attenuation

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

14

11/6/2009

Transient Blocking for Permissive Schemes

Energy Automation

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HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

15

11/6/2009

Weak Infeed Echo Logic

Receive Signal

No Distance Pick-up
Energy Automation Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

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11/6/2009

7SA522 - Echo and Tripping in case of no-infeed or weak-infeed

Configuration Settings

Matrix The receive signal is derived from : and

*Three-terminal schemes are supported as well

Phase segregated weak-infeed tripping Note: The echo signal must be routed in addition to the send signal on the transmission signal contact
Energy Automation

17.10.97 en513ase2

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

17

11/6/2009

Overreach zone setting for POTT and Unblocking

incorrect!

Reverse looking zone (A)

Z1B(A)

Z1B(B)

Reverse looking zone (B)

correct

Energy Automation

Siemens AG 2008 Energy Sector

HV Power Seminar Nov 2009

18