B= 0(H+ M) where the magnetizationM is the volume density of magnetic dipole moments and H is the applied field !

plain the following with suita"le e!amples# (i) $erromagnetism (ii)%aramagnetism (iii)$errimagnetism (iv)&ntiferromagnetism (v)'()'* and '+)', group compoundsExplain the following with suitable examples: (i) FERROMAGNETI M:! $erromagnetism# $erromagnetism is a spontaneous magnetization of small regions of a material in the a"sence of an applied field- few su"stances li.e iron/ co"alt/ nic.el/ gadolinium and 0r1( are strongly attracted "y a magnetic field- 2uch su"stances are .nown as ferromagnetic su"stances- 3hese su"stances can "e permanently magnetised with the help of strong electrostatic field- 3he metal ions of ferromagnetic su"stances are grouped together into small regions called domains in solid state- 2o that each domain acts as a tiny magnet- 3he domains of un magnetized piece of a ferromagnetic are randomly oriented so that their magnetic moments get cancelled out- 4hen such su"stance is placed in a magnetic field/ all the domains get oriented in the direction of the magnetic field and a strong magnetic effect is produced- 3his ordering of domains remains same even when the magnetic field is removed and the ferromagnetic su"stance "ecomes a permanent magnet(II) "ARAMAGNETI M :! few su"stances li.e 1(/ 0u(+/ $e++/ 0r++ are wee.ly attracted "y a magnetic field- 3hese su"sta"ces are magnetised in a magnetic field in the same direction- 4hen we remove magnetic field /they lose their magnetismparamagnetism is ta.es place due to presence of one or more unpaired electrons- 3hese unpaired electron are attracted "y the magnetic field(III)FERRIMAGNETI M: 3his effect is o"served when the magnetic moments of the domains in the su"stance are aligned in parallel and anti)parallel directions in une5ual num"ers- $errimagnetic su"stances are wea.ly attracted "y magnetic field as compared to ferromagnetic su"stances- Magnetite li.e $e+16 and ferrites li.e Mg$e(16 and 7n$e(16 are e!amples of such su"stances- 1n heating these su"stances lose their ferrimagnetism and "ecome paramagnetic(I#)ANTIFERROMAGNETI M: &ntiferromagnetic su"stances have domain structure similar to ferromagnetic su"stance3he domains of antiferromagnetic su"stance are oppositely oriented and cancel out each other8s magnetic moment - !ample Mn1 is a &ntiferromagnetic su"stance(9)'()'* &:; '+)', <=1>% 01M%1>:;23he compounds of '()'* group are prepared "y com"ining elements of group '( and group '*- 4hile the compound of '+)', group compounds are prepared "y com"ining elements of group '+ and group',- 3hese compounds are covalent and there ionicity depends up the difference in electro negativities of elements which involve in forming of these compounds- 3hese compounds have special electrical and optical properties so that these compounds are used in industries for a variety of applications !amples 7n2/ 0d2 /0d2e and Hg3e are e!ample of '()'* group compounds ?n2"/ &?% and <a&s are the e!ample of '+)', group compounds