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Research Methodology A Research Map For Intended Area of Research and Study Research Area : Microwave Antenna Array
Muhammad Talha Registration # 838 Submitted to : Dr. Usman Ilyas

I. H ISTORY History of antenna start with James Clerk Maxwell in 1873 who dened the equation of electrometric known as Maxwell equation but till 1886 these equations were unproved, in 1886 Heinrich Rudolph Hertz rst demonstrated the process of electromagnetic transmission. After that the idea of wireless communication revolutionized and in 1897 four main discoveries were made by Oliver J. Lodge who use dipole antenna with loaded-coil inserted centrally, tuned with LC circuit and producing horizontal capacitance this produce impedance matching and reduction of ground losses, this was the rst efcient system for the wireless communication. In 1901 Guglien Marconi was the rst person to send the wireless signal at long distance, He send a message from England to the America which is also called transatlantic communication. [1] In 1906 to achieve high directivity the idea of phased array antenna was implemented successfully. 1912 closed loop BT antenna was formed this prevent the half wave spacing for array which eventually reduce the size of array antenna 1926 the most famous Yagi Uda array antenna was developed by the Shintaro Uda of Tohoku Imperial University, Sendai, Japan.[2] 1930 for short and microwave frequencies Harald T. Friss make horn reector antenna for high directivity. Till the Second World War the idea of array antenna was not used as much but during Second World War antenna array was used for rapid beam steering in radar, at the end of War German using phased array antenna developed a warning system which can detect an object at the distance of up to 300Km. Advancement in the computer technology made numerical analysis easy so from 1960 to onward lot of the development done in the antenna array. In 1992 using antenna array rst smart antenna was developed which was the huge advancement in the eld of array antenna. Now antenna array is used in radar, satellite communication, TV and radio broadcasting, Radio frequency identity module, MIMO and lot other applications. II.
TEST BED AND REQUIRED FACILITIES AND THERE AVALIABLITY

ADS advance design system CST computer simulation technology These are the softwares which I will use for simulation of my design, all of them are avaliable at campus.

B. Fabrication Zeeshan electronics Private limited, Islamabad AKSA-SDS Private limited, Islamabad RWR Private limited, Islamabad They have the facility of fabrication of antenna and microwave circuit and they will provide us services at very minimal cost C. Testing equipment RIMMS have anechoic chamber , network analyzer and other testing equipment which will full ll our requirement. AWC have more precise testing equipment those are also available on request. III. KEY ITEMS Antenna Array set of antenna elements working as a single unit. Directivity directivity is the maximum antenna radiation intensity. Interference Distortion due to other signals Noise unwanted signal Microstrip Antenna Antenna printed on printed circuit board. HPBW Half power beam width MIMO Multiple input output system

A. Simulation tools HFSS High frequency structure simulator.

IV. SUB - AREAS WITH IN INTENDED RESEARCH AREA Folloewing gures are the eld which are related to my eld.

Georgia Institute of Technology

VI. R ESEARCH GROUPS Antennas and electromagnetic groups, Queen Mary university of London Microwave & RF research group University of colorada Antenna & high frequency research group Smart antenna research group Georgia institute of technology Antenna and propagation research group Virginia polytechnic institute and state university. Sabanci university RFIC Group Cyprus.

Fig. 1.

Related Areas

TIER-1 CONFERENCES AND JOURNALS IN INTENDED AREA A. Journals Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, IEEE Published by: IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation Published by: Institution of Engineering and technology Microwave and Optical Technology Letters Progress in Electromagnetics Research B. Conference APS - Antenna Propogation symposium 2014 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING July 6 - 12, Memphis, TN 2015 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION & USNC/URSI NATIONAL RADIO SCIENCE MEETING July 19 - 25, Vancouver, Canada

VII.

Fig. 2.

Related elds

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INFLUENTIAL AUTHORS

David M. Pozar Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts at Amherst Constantine A. Balanis Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University Jean-Pierre Berenger Manager at technical and operational studies for the benet of the General Staff of the army and working collaboration with the University of Manchester, UK. Persson, P. Dept. of Electromagnetic. Theory, R. Inst. of Technol., Stockholm, Sweden Arogyaswami Paulraj Stanford university Ireland Gabriel M. Rebeiz University of Michigan Joy Laskar

Loughborough Antennas & Propagation Conference 10th & 11th November 2014 Burleigh Court International Conference Centre, Loughborough, UK EuCAP 2014 - The 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation The Hague, The Netherlands, on 6-11 APRIL 2014. IEEE Radio and wireless symposium 25-28 January 2015 Santiago CA, USA Europes Premier Microwave, RF, Wireless and Radar Event Nrnberg Convention Center, Nuremberg, Germany International Microwave symposium 1-6 June 2014 Tampa bay, Florida
KEY AND INFLUENTIAL REFERENCE PAPERS AND BOOKS

VIII.

Antenna theory analysis and design by Constantine A. Balanis Antenna Theory & Design by Elliott, R.

Antenna Arrays,A Computational Approach by Haupt, R. Low-Cost and High-Efcient W-Band Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna Array Made of Printed Circuit Board Process Ghassemi, N. ; Ke Wu ; Claude, S. ; Xiupu Zhang ;Bornemann, J. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on Publication Year: 2012 A Microstrip Antenna Array for Indoor Wireless Dynamic Environments Elhefnawy M. ; Ismail, W. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on Publication Year: 2009 A New Class of Antenna Array With a Recongurable Element Factor Zhouyuan Li ; Rodrigo, D. ; Jofre, L. ; Cetiner, B.A. Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions Publication Year: 2013 Very Small Footprint 60 GHz Stacked Yagi AntennaArray Kramer, O. ; Djera, T. ; Ke Wu Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions Publication Year: 2011 60-GHz LTCC Integrated Circularly Polarized HelicalAntenna Array Changrong Liu ; Yong-Xin Guo ; Xiaoyue Bao ; ShaoQiu Xiao Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions Publication Year: 2012 140-GHz Planar Broadband LTCC SIW Slot AntennaArray Junfeng Xu ; Zhi Ning Chen ; Xianming Qing ; Wei Hong Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions Publication Year: 2012

X. SEARCH ENGINES www.ieeexplore.ieee.org www.scholar.google.com www.google.com www.wikipedia.org R EFERENCES

[1]

C. A. Balanis, Antenna theory: analysis and design. John Wiley & Sons, 2012. [2] J. Ramsay, Highlights of antenna history, Antennas and Propagation Society Newsletter, IEEE, vol. 23, pp. 720, 1981.

A. reason for choosing these papers Reason for choosing these paper is because they are most recent papers in my research area with good reputation of author and also good reputation of conferences or journal they are presented in. IX.
MOST SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH PROBLEMS THAT HAVE GARNERED THE MOST ATTENTION IN THIS AREA

The most signicant problems are secure transmission with multiple antennas, interference cancelation using spatial antenna techniques, micro strip antenna array for hand held devices, antenna array for x band, and beam shifting antenna array for broadband communication. These topics are they most hot topics now a day because people want broadband and secure communication. that can be done by reducing the interference and this can only done by having highly focused beam. Highly focused beam is possible through antanna array.