Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
LAW OF TORTS
CORE READING LIST
Material highlighted in green was added in the 2011-2012 academic year
Material highlighted in red was added in the 2012-2013 academic year
Material highlighted in yellow was added in the 2013-2014 academic year
Contents
Contents......................................................................................................................................2
BOOKS......................................................................................................................................4
Textbooks..........................................................................................................................4
Casebooks.........................................................................................................................4
Monographs and edited collections...................................................................................4
Practitioners Books..........................................................................................................4
A. NEGLIGENCE.....................................................................................................................5
Duty of Care..........................................................................................................................5
General...................................................................................................................................5
Liability of public authorities................................................................................................5
Breach of Duty.......................................................................................................................6
B. CAUSATION AND REMOTENESS OF DAMAGE.........................................................6
Causation...............................................................................................................................6
Remoteness ...........................................................................................................................7
C. NEGLIGENCE AND ECONOMIC LOSS..........................................................................7
Economic loss........................................................................................................................7
Negligent statements and provision of services.....................................................................7
Negligent damage to property...............................................................................................7
Relationship to Contract........................................................................................................8
D. DEFENCES..........................................................................................................................8
Contributory Negligence.......................................................................................................8
Exclusion and Volenti non fit injuria.....................................................................................8
Illegality.................................................................................................................................8
E. LIABILITY FOR DEFECTIVE PREMISES.......................................................................9
Occupiers Liability...............................................................................................................9
Liability of Non-occupiers.....................................................................................................9
F. PRIVATE NUISANCE ........................................................................................................9
G. PUBLIC NUISANCE.........................................................................................................10
H. THE RULE IN RYLANDS V FLETCHER.......................................................................10
I. PRODUCT LIABILITY......................................................................................................11
Negligence...........................................................................................................................11
Strict Liability......................................................................................................................11
J. EMPLOYERS PRIMARY LIABILITY............................................................................11
K. VICARIOUS LIABILITY.................................................................................................11
Employees and borrowed employees..................................................................................11
Independent contractors and agents.....................................................................................12
L. JOINT LIABILITY............................................................................................................12
M. BREACH OF STATUTORY DUTY................................................................................12
N. DEFAMATION.................................................................................................................13
Libel and Slander.................................................................................................................13
Presumption of damage.......................................................................................................13
Serious harm requirement....................................................................................................13
Publication...........................................................................................................................13
Who can sue?.......................................................................................................................13
What is defamatory?............................................................................................................13
Defences..............................................................................................................................14
2
Remedies..............................................................................................................................15
Defamation and Freedom of Speech....................................................................................15
Relationship to other torts....................................................................................................15
O. TRESPASS.........................................................................................................................15
Trespass to the Person.........................................................................................................15
Trespass to Land .................................................................................................................15
P. ECONOMIC TORTS..........................................................................................................15
General.................................................................................................................................15
Inducing a breach of Contract..............................................................................................15
Intimidation.........................................................................................................................16
Causing loss by unlawful means .........................................................................................16
Conspiracy...........................................................................................................................16
Deceit...................................................................................................................................16
Q. TORT REMEDIES ...........................................................................................................16
Nominal damages
.............................................................................................................................................16
Aggravated damages............................................................................................................16
Exemplary or punitive damages..........................................................................................16
Restitutionary damages........................................................................................................17
Damages for personal injury................................................................................................17
Damages for death ..............................................................................................................17
Remedies in property torts...................................................................................................17
R. COMPENSATION: FAULT AND INSURANCE............................................................18
S. THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON TORT LAW.......................................................18
BOOKS
Textbooks
Deakin, Johnston and Markesinis (eds), Markesinis and Deakins Tort Law (OUP 7th ed
2012)
McBride and Bagshaw, Tort Law (Longman 4th ed 2012)
Murphy and Witting (eds), Street on Torts (OUP 13th ed 2012)
Rogers (ed), Winfield & Jolowicz on Tort (Sweet & Maxwell 18th ed 2010)
Casebooks
Lunney and Oliphant, Tort Law: Text and Materials (OUP 4th ed 2010)
Hepple and Matthews, Tort: Cases & Materials (Butterworths 6th ed 2008)
Steele, Tort Law: Text, Cases, and Materials (OUP 2nd ed 2010)
Monographs and edited collections
Arvind and Steele (eds), Tort Law and the Legislature (Hart 2013)
Atiyah, The Damages Lottery (Hart 1997)
Beever, Rediscovering the Law of Negligence (Hart 2007)
Beever, The Law of Private Nuisance (Hart 2013)
Burrows, Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (OUP 3rd ed 2004)
Cane, Atiyah's Accidents, Compensation and the Law (CUP 8th ed 2013)
Cane, The Anatomy of Tort Law (Hart 1997)
Carty, An Analysis of the Economic Torts (OUP 2nd ed 2010)
Conaghan and Mansell, The Wrongs of Tort (Pluto 2nd ed 1999)
Degeling, Edelman and Goudkamp (eds), Torts in Commercial Law (Thomson 2011)
Goudkamp, Tort Law Defences (Hart 2013)
Harris, Campbell and Halson, Remedies in Contract & Tort (Butterworths 2nd ed 2002)
Khoury, Uncertain Causation in Medical Liability (Hart 2006)
McIvor, Third Party Liability in Tort (Hart 2006)
Markesinis et al., Tortious Liability of Statutory Bodies (Hart 1999)
Mitchell and Mitchell (eds), Landmark Cases in the Law of Tort (Hart 2010)
Nolan and Robertson (eds), Rights and Private Law (Hart 2012)
Owen, Philosophical Foundations of Tort Law (Clarendon 1995)
Pitel, Neyers and Chamberlain, Tort Law: Challenging Orthodoxy (Hart 2013)
Stapleton, Product Liability (Butterworths 1994)
Stevens, Torts and Rights (OUP 2007)
Weir, Economic Torts (Clarendon 1997)
Weir, Introduction to Tort Law (Clarendon 2nd ed 2006)
Wright, Tort Law and Human Rights (Hart 2001)
Practitioners Books
Jones and Dugdale (eds), Clerk & Lindsell on Torts (Sweet & Maxwell 20th edn 2010)
Oliphant (ed), Law of Tort (Butterworths 2nd ed 2007)
A. NEGLIGENCE
Duty of Care
General
*Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 (compare Lord Atkin and Lord Macmillan)
*Caparo v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605, 616-618
Phelps v Hillingdon LBC [2001] 2 AC 619
Stapleton, Duty of Care Factors: A Selection from Judicial Menus in Cane and Stapleton
(eds) The Law of Obligations: Essays in Celebration of John Fleming (OUP 1998) 59
Weinrib, The Disintegration of Duty in Madden (ed) Exploring Tort Law (CUP 2005) 143
Robertson, Justice, Community Welfare and the Duty of Care (2011) 127 LQR 370
Nolan, Deconstructing the Duty of Care (2013) 129 LQR 559
Omissions and acts of third parties
*Smith v Littlewoods [1987] AC 241
Calvert v William Hill Credit Ltd [2008] EWCA Civ 1427, [2009] Ch 330
Everett v Comojo (UK) Ltd [2011] EWCA Civ 13, [2011] 4 All ER 315, concentrate on [1][12], [23]-[34]
Liability of public authorities
Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co [1970] AC 1004
*Hill v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire [1989] AC 53
Stovin v Wise [1996] AC 923
Kent v Griffiths (No 2) [2001] QB 36
*Barrett v Enfield LBC [2001] 2 AC 550
*D v East Berkshire Community NHS Trust [2003] EWCA Civ 1151, [79]-[85] and [2005]
UKHL 23, [2005] 2 AC 373
*Gorringe v Calderdale MBC [2004] UKHL 15, [2004] 1 WLR 1057, [2004] 2 All ER 326
Jain v Trent Strategic Health Authority [2009] UKHL 4, [2009] 1 AC 853
*Mitchell v Glasgow City Council [2009] UKHL 11, [2009] 1 AC 874
Smith v Ministry of Defence [2013] UKSC 31; [2013] ICR 981
Nolan, The Liability of Public Authorities for Failing to Confer Benefits (2011) 127 LQR
260
Nervous Shock
*McLoughlin v OBrian [1983] 1 AC 410
*Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1992] 1 AC 310
*Page v Smith [1996] AC 155 (evaluated Bailey and Nolan, The Page v Smith Saga: A Tale
of Inauspicious Origins and Unintended Consequences (2010) 69 CLJ 495)
*White v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire [1999] 2 AC 455 (sub nom. Frost)
Greatorex v Greatorex [2000] 4 All ER 769
*W v Essex [2001] 2 AC 592
*Rothwell v Chemical & Insulating Co; Re Pleural Plaques Litigation [2007] UKHL 39,
[2008] 1 AC 281
Causation
Performance Cars v Abraham [1962] QB 33
*Barnett v Chelsea Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428
*Baker v Willoughby [1970] AC 467
*Jobling v Associated Dairies Ltd [1982] AC 794
*Hotson v East Berkshire Area Health Authority [1987] AC 750
*Wilsher v Essex Area Health Authority [1988] AC 1074
*Allied Maples Group v Simmons & Simmons [1995] 4 All ER 907
Banque Bruxelles Lambert v Eagle Star Insurance [1997] AC 191
*Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2002] UKHL 22, [2003] 1 AC 32
*Chester v Afshar [2004] UKHL 41, [2005] 1 AC 134
*Gregg v Scott [2005] UKHL 2, [2005] 2 AC 176
*Barker v Corus plc [2006] UKHL 20, [2006] 2 AC 572 (reversed by the Compensation Act
2006, s 3 in so far as apportionment of liability in mesothelioma cases is concerned)
*Rothwell v Chemical & Insulating Co; Re Pleural Plaques Litigation [2007] UKHL 39,
[2008] 1 AC 281
*Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884
Sienkiewicz (estate of Costello) v Greif (UK) Ltd [2011] UKSC 10, [2011] 2 AC 229
Durham v BAI (Run Off) Ltd [2012] UKSC 14, [2012] 3 All ER 1161, [52], [55]-[68], [77],
[82]-[83], [124]-[132]
Stapleton, Lords a'Leaping Evidentiary Gaps (2002) 10 Tort LJ 276
Peel, SAAMCO Revisited in Burrows and Peel (eds), Commercial Remedies: Current Issues
and Problems (OUP 2003) ch 7
Stapleton, Cause-in-Fact and the Scope of Liability for Consequences (2003) 119 LQR 388
Stapleton, Unnecessary Causes (2013) 128 LQR 39
Remoteness
*Re Polemis [1921] 3 KB 560
*The Wagon Mound (No 1) [1961] AC 388
*Smith v Leech Brain [1962] 2 QB 405
*Hughes v Lord Advocate of Scotland [1963] AC 837
McKew v Holland Hannen & Cubitts [1969] 3 All ER 1621
Lamb v Camden LBC [1981] QB 625
Knightley v Johns [1982] 1 All ER 851
*Page v Smith [1996] AC 155
*Jolley v Sutton LBC [2000] 1 WLR 1082
Corr v IBC Vehicles Ltd [2008] UKHL 13, [2008] 1 AC 884
Spencer v Wincanton Holdings [2009] EWCA Civ 1404
Cartwright, Remoteness of Damages in Contract and Tort Law: A Reconsideration (1996)
55 CLJ 488
Stauch, Risk and remoteness of damage in negligence (2001) 64 MLR 191
C. NEGLIGENCE AND ECONOMIC LOSS
Economic loss
Stapleton, Duty of Care and Economic Loss: A Wider Agenda (1991) 107 LQR 249
Mitchell, Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd v Heller & Partners Ltd (1963) in Mitchell and Mitchell
(eds), Landmark Cases in Tort Law (2010) 171.
Stevens, Torts and Rights (2007) 2043.
Negligent statements and provision of services
*Hedley Byrne v Heller & Partners [1964] AC 465
*Smith v Bush [1990] 1 AC 831
*Caparo Industries v Dickman [1990] 2 AC 605
Spring v Guardian Assurance [1995] 2 AC 296
*Henderson v Merrett Syndicates [1995] 2 AC 145
*White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207
*Williams v Natural Life Health Foods [1998] 1 WLR 830
Commissioner for Customs & Excise v Barclays Bank [2006] UKHL 28, [2007] 1 AC 181
Negligent damage to property
Weller v Foot & Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 QB 569
*Spartan Steel & Alloys v Martin [1973] QB 27
E.
Occupiers Liability
To visitors
*Occupiers Liability Act 1957
*Defective Premises Act 1972, s 4
*Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977, ss 1 and 2 (as amended by Occupiers Liability Act 1984,
s 2)
*Roles v Nathan [1963] 1 WLR 1117
*Wheat v Lacon [1966] AC 552
*White v Blackmore [1972] 2 QB 651
*Ferguson v Welsh [1987] 3 All ER 777
*McGeown v Northern Ireland Housing Executive [1995] 1 AC 233
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2001] EWCA Civ 1881, [2002] 1 WLR 1052,
[113]-[155]
Gwilliam v West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust [2002] EWCA Civ 1041, [2003] QB 443
Maguire v Sefton MBC [2006] EWCA Civ 316, [2006] 1 WLR 2550
Portsmouth Youth Activities Committee v Poppleton [2008] EWCA Civ 646
Harvey v Plymouth City Council [2010] EWCA Civ 860
To non-visitors
*Occupiers Liability Act 1984
Herrington v British Rail Board [1972] AC 877
Swain v Nati Ram Puri [1996] PIQR P442
*Tomlinson v Congleton BC [2004] UKHL 47, [2004] 1 AC 46
Keown v Coventry Healthcare NHS Trust [2006] EWCA Civ 39; [2006] 1 WLR 953
SH Bailey, Occupiers Liability: the Enactment of Common Law Principles in Arvind and
Steele (eds), Tort Law and the Legislature (Hart 2013) 187
Liability of Non-occupiers
*Defective Premises Act 1972
*Latent Damage Act 1986
*Pirelli v Oscar Faber [1983] 2 AC 1
D & F Estates v Church Commissioners [1989] AC 177
*Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991] 1 AC 398
*Targett v Torfaen BC [1992] 3 All ER 27
Nitrigin Eireann v Inco [1992] 1 All ER 854
Hoyano, Dangerous Defects Revisited by Bold Spirits (1995) 58 MLR 887
F. PRIVATE NUISANCE
*St Helens Smelting Co v Tipping (1865) 11 HLC 642
Bradford Corporation v Pickles [1895] AC 587
*Hollywood Silver Fox Farm v Emmett [1936] 2 KB 468
*Halsey v Esso [1961] 1 WLR 683
10
I.
PRODUCT LIABILITY
Negligence
*Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562
Grant v Australian Knitting Mills [1936] AC 85
Muirhead v Industrial Tank Specialities [1986] QB 507
Hamble Fisheries v Gardner [1999] 2 Lloyds Rep 1
Tettenborn, Components and product liability: damage to other property (2000) LMCLQ
338
Strict Liability
*Consumer Protection Act 1987, pt 1 and ss 45, 46
*Directive on Liability for Defective Products (85/374/EEC)
C 300/95 Commission v UK [1997] All ER (EC) 481
Abouzaid v Mothercare [2000] All ER (D) 2436
*A v National Blood Authority [2001] 3 All ER 289, [2][22], [31][81]
Tesco Stores Ltd v Pollard [2006] EWCA Civ 393, [2006] All ER (D) 186
Stapleton, Products liability reform - real or illusory? (1986) 6 OJLS 392
Newdick, The Development Risk Defence of the Consumer Protection Act 1987 (1988) 47
CLJ 455
Stapleton, Product Liability (Butterworths 1994), ch 13
J.
VICARIOUS LIABILITY
11
*Various Claimants v Catholic Child Welfare Society [2012] UKSC 56, [2012] 3 WLR 1319
(discussed in Lord Hope, Tailoring the law on vicarious liability (2013) 129 LQR 514)
Independent contractors and agents
*Honeywill & Stein v Larkin [1934] 1 QB 191
*Salsbury v Woodland [1970] 1 QB 324
*Launchbury v Morgans [1973] AC 127
*McDermid v Nash Dredging Co [1987] AC 906
Gwilliam v West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust [2002] EWCA Civ 1041, [2003] QB 443
*Biffa Waste Services Ltd v Maschinenfabrik Abrik Ernst Hese GmbH [2008] EWCA Civ
1257, [2009] QB 725, [62]-[82]
Farraj v King's Healthcare NHS Trust and Cytogenic DNA Services Ltd [2009] EWCA Civ
1203, [2010] 1 WLR 2139, [63]-[123]
Woodland v Essex County Council [2013] UKSC 66, [2014] 1 All ER 482, [2013] 3 WLR
1227
McKendrick, Vicarious Liability and Independent ContractorsA Reexamination (1990)
53 MLR 770
Course of employment
Beard v London General Omnibus Co [1900] 2 QB 530
*Century Insurance v Northern Ireland RTB [1942] AC 509
*Rose v Plenty [1976] 1 WLR 141
General Engineering v Kingston & St Andrews Corporation [1988] 3 All ER 867
Smith v Stages [1989] AC 928
*Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd [2002] 1 AC 215
Mattis v Pollock [2003] EWCA Civ 887, [2003] 1 WLR 2158
Richard Weddal v Barchester Healthcare Ltd; Royal Bank v Wallbank Fox designs Ltd
[2012] EWCA Civ 25
Vicarious Liability for Statutory Torts
Majrowski v Guy's Hospital [2006] UKHL 34, [2007] 1 AC 224 (Stevens (2006) 123 LQR
30)
L.
JOINT LIABILITY
12
DEFAMATION
13
14
Remedies
Defamation Act 1996, ss 8-10
Defamation Act 1996, s 13
*John v Mirror Group [1996] 2 All ER 35
Defamation and Freedom of Speech
*European Convention on Human Rights, art 10
*Human Rights Act 1998, ss 2, 4, 6, 8, 12
*Derbyshire County Council v Times Newspapers [1993] AC 534
Tolstoy v United Kingdom (1995) 20 EHRR 442
*John v Mirror Group [1996] 2 All ER
*Reynolds v Times [2001] AC 127
Greene v Associated Newspapers Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 1462, [2005] 1 All ER 30
Relationship to other torts
Joyce v Sengupta [1993] 1 All ER 897
*Spring v Guardian Assurance [1995] 2 AC 296
O.
TRESPASS
ECONOMIC TORTS
General
Stevens, Torts and Rights (2007) 297298.
Deakin & Randall, Rethinking the Economic Torts (2009) 72 MLR 519
Inducing a breach of Contract
Lumley v Gye (1853) 3 E&B 216
15
TORT REMEDIES
Tettenborn, What is a Loss? in Neyers et al (eds), Emerging Issues in Tort Law (Hart 2007)
Nominal damages
Ashby v White (1703) 2 Ld Raym 938, 92 ER 126
Constantine v Imperial Hotels [1944] KB 693
Aggravated damages
Kralj v McGrath [1986] 1 All ER 54
Law Commission, Aggravated, Exemplary and Restitutionary Damages (LC 247 1997),
Part II
Exemplary or punitive damages
Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129
Cassell & Co v Broome [1972] AC 1027
*Kuddus v CC of Leicestershire Constabulary [2001] UKHL 29, [2002] 2 AC 122
Burrows, Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (OUP 3rd ed, 2004), ch 18
16
Law Commission, Aggravated, Exemplary and Restitutionary Damages (LC 247 1997),
Part IV
Restitutionary damages
Ministry of Defence v Ashman [1993] 2 EGLR 102
Inverugie Investments Ltd v Hackett [1995] 1 WLR 713
Burrows, Remedies for Torts and Breach of Contract (OUP 3rd ed, 2004), pp.371-395
Damages for personal injury
*Courts Act 2003, ss 100, 101, amending Damages Act 1996 ss 2, 2A, 2B, 4
Cane, Atiyahs Accidents, Compensation and the Law (CUP 8th ed 2013), ch 6
Damages for non-pecuniary loss
Administration of Justice Act 1982, s 1(1)(b)
Lim Poh Choo v Camden & Islington AHA [1980] AC 174
*Heil v Rankin [2000] 3 All ER 138
Damages for pecuniary loss
Law Reform (Personal Injuries) Act 1948, s 2(4)
*Pickett v British Rail Engineering [1980] AC 136
Wells v Wells [1999] 1 AC 345
Collateral Benefits
Social Security (Recovery of Benefits) Act 1997
*Bradburn v Great Western Railway Co (1874) LR 10 Ex 1
Parry v Cleaver [1970] AC 1
*Hunt v Severs [1994] 2 AC 350
Lewis, Deducting Collateral Benefits from Damages: Principle and Policy (1998) 18 LS 15
Damages for death
*Law Reform (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1934, s 1
*Fatal Accidents Act 1976
Davies v Taylor [1974] AC 207
*H v S [2002] EWCA Civ 792, [2003] QB 965
Law Commission, Claims for Wrongful Death (LC 263 1999), Parts I and III
Remedies in property torts
*The Mediana [1900] AC 113
Dodd Properties v Canterbury City Council [1980] 1 WLR 433
Arthur v Anker [1997] QB 564
*Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] AC 655
Delaware Mansions Ltd v Westminster City Council [2001] UKHL 55, [2001] 4 All ER 737
Dimond v Lovell [2002] 1 AC 384
17
Atiyah, Personal Injuries in the Twenty-First Century: Thinking the Unthinkable in Birks
(ed), Wrongs & Remedies in the Twenty-First Century (Clarendon 1996), or Atiyah, The
Damages Lottery (Hart 1997)
Burrows, In Defence of Tort in Burrows (ed), Understanding the Law of Obligations, (Hart
1998)
Weinrib, The Insurance Justification and Private Law (1985) 14 JLS 681
Stapleton, Tort, Insurance and Ideology (1995) 58 MLR 820
Morgan, Tort, Insurance and Incoherence (2004) 67 MLR 384
Morris, Spiralling or Stabilising? The Compensation Culture and Our Propensity to Claim
Damages for Personal Injury (2007) 70 MLR 349 (see also Compensation Act 2006, s 1)
Coleman, Risks and Wrongs (OUP 1992), pp.205209
S.
18