EX.

NO:01

INTRODUCTION TO Pro - E

Pro/Engineer is the software product of PTC (Parametric Technology Corporation) its initial versions were Pro/E 1, 2 up to 1! "ater Pro/E launched se#uentially versions as Pro/Engineer 2$$$% 2$$$i, 2$$$i% 2$$1, &ildfire 1 $% &ildfire 2 $, &ildfire ' $% &ildfire ( $% and &ildfire ) $ *n 2$11, PTC re+randed Pro/Engineer as Creo Parametric The current version of the software is 1 $ This +oo, will e-plore the various philosophies and methodologies employed +y professionals who use the Computer .ided /esign (C./) pac,age Pro/Engineer .dditional topics include how to ac#uire the software and

optimal support What is Pro/ENGINEER Pro/E01*0EE2 is a feature3+ased, parametric solid modeling system with many e-tended design and manufacturing applications .s a comprehensive C.//C.E/C.4 system, covering many aspects of mechanical design, analysis and manufacturing, Pro/E01*0EE2 represents the leading edge of C.//C.E/C.4 technology Choose Clic, the {left mouse +utton on a 4E05 option, a pull down 4E05, or a /*."615E 768 !ele"t Clic, the {left mouse +utton on geometry in a model or drawing, or on an o+9ect in a data+ase Pi"# Clic, the {left mouse +utton on a specific point or location Cli"# :ingle clic, the {left mouse +utton on an icon, +utton, +o-, or hyperlin, O$%e"t .n assem+ly, part, drawing, or set of metadata within a data+ase &o'el .n assem+ly or part in a Pro/E01*0EE2 environment, or a graphical representation of a computer program &o'e . group of closely related functions in a Pro/E01*0EE2 environment ($o)t this T)torial This tutorial is introduced +ased on the collective efforts of many people over a num+er of years during the teaching and learning of C./ Part of it came from previous versions of Pro/E Tutorials at 5;ic Prof 1ary &ang of /epartment of 4echanical and 4anufacturing Engineering, the 5niversity 4anito+a rewrote many sections 4r 4inh "y also contri+uted to a num+er of sections Their efforts are gratefully ac,nowledged 2ather than competing with other comprehensive Pro/E tutorials availa+le on the internet, we intend to provide a num+er of short tutorials that go over the +asic functions of several +asic Pro/E modes to allow a user to have a
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#uic, start Pro/E on3line manual, other on3line tutorials, and reference +oo,s, listed at our we+site, provide more detailed e-planations and practices on various Pro/E function modules Pro/E WI*D+IRE This section is intended to +riefly e-plain the Pro/E 5ser *nterface and get you started with a simple modeling tas, The steps needed to start Pro/E and to generate a part model is discussed in the following tutorials !tarti,- Pro/E To start Pro/E on a &indows machine, there may +e an icon on your des,top or you may have to loo, in the :tart menu at the +ottom left of the screen on the &indows tas,+ar The program ta,es a while to load, so +e patient The start3up is complete when your screen loo,s li,e the following figure, which is a default Pro/E screen

0ow, loo, for the icon under your menu to start a new application Press the icon% or you may use the menu +I*E . Ne/ Either way, you should +e a+le to launch the following window
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<ou may type the name =housing> to replace the default name ?prt$$$1@ *n this section, we are going to create the first feature of a part called ?housing@, which is one of the components of a disc +ra,e assem+ly that we are going to create in the la+ The focus of this section, however, is on the introduction of Pro/E environment rather than the modeling techni#ues 4ore modeling techni#ues will +e descri+ed in later sections .fter clic,ing the O0 +utton, you should see the window shown in Aigure ', which is pretty much self3e-planatory <ou are encouraged to move your mouse cursor on top of each shortcut +utton and read the description from the command description window The filter setting selection is for the convenience of pic,ing a feature on the main graphics screen The default (or the laBy way) is to leave it as !1art

&o)se +),"tio,s 7efore we start with the hard 9o+ (modeling), you should ,now a+out some tric,s of the mouse &ildfire is meant to +e used with a '3+utton mouse *f it has a middle scroll, it is actually +etter and you are luc,y *f your mouse is a 23+utton one, try to use the CshiftD ,ey plus the left mouse +utton ("47) simultaneously as an e#uivalent to the middle mouse +utton (447) *f it doesnEt wor,, tal, to your system administrator 4ost selections of menu commands, shortcut +uttons, and so on are performed +y clic,ing the left mouse +utton ("47) *n this tutorial, whenever you ?select@, ?clic,@, or ?pic,@ a command or entity, this is done with the "47 unless otherwise directed The functions controlling the view of the o+9ect in the graphics window are all associated with the 447 These are the important :pin, Pan, and Foom functions The following ta+le summariBes different uses of mouse +uttons that can ma,e your 9o+ easier and more fun 0oteG if you ,now previous versions of Pro/E, you will find the mouse functions are #uite differentH "earn the new functions and donEt let your e-perience frustrate you
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2e-i, to /or# i, Pro/E The main graphics windows shows three orthogonal planes, named T6P, A260T and 2*1IT, and a coordinate system These planes are called datum planes, representing the '3/ world These planes are very useful as reference planes when creating features and assem+ling components Their advantages are not o+vious when modeling simple parts, and in fact new users find these planes annoying &hatever you feel now, my advice is to get yourself used to these ?annoying@ planes 1) Prepare for s,etching Clic, the E-trusion +utton as shown in Aigure

Then you will see Aigure ) at the +ottom of the main window Aigure only e-plains the +uttons that will +e referred to in the tutorial <ou should e-ercise moving the mouse cursor again to each +utton and read the description in the message window to find out a+out other +uttons

Clic, the Pla"e1e,t +utton as shown in Aigure ), then clic, Defi,e . pop3up window will show up as Aigure J

0ow go to the main graphics window, clic, the A260T plane either on the word ?A260T@ or any side of the plane <ou will see the first +lan, in Aigure J is filled with +RONT (ignore the words after +RONT% the same applies for other +lan,s in this window) This plane is chosen as your paper that you can s,etch on *mage you are drawing a picture .fter pic,ing the paper, you have to place the paper in the right orientation so that you are either in a portrait or landscape view That is why there is a reference plane as shown in the second +lan, in Aigure J *n this case, Pro/E should automatically fill in 2*1IT, which means the 2*1IT datum plane is chosen as the reference plane and it faces the right of your paper, which is filled in the third +lan, in the figure 0ow, clic, !#et"h +utton and you will +e +rought to a new window environment The Pop3up window named Refere,"es appears and lists 2*1IT and T6P datum planes as references *n the mean time, the two planes are shown in the main graphics window as two perpendicular lines and two +rown infinite dotted lines override them These two references are used as references for dimensions .s you may appreciate, no matter what you draw on the paper, you have to ,now the relative position of your drawing on the paper This seems very o+vious in a real drawing +ecause human +eings do all these things intuitively 7ut computer needs you to specify these 6f course, one may deli+erately select a particular reference plane .s a starter, we 9ust accept the default choice and simply clic, Close on the window
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2) :,etch the geometry Aor the s,etch, you pretty much wor, with two groups of +uttons The first group is to control the views of s,etch, as shown in Aigure ! The second group is the s,etch tool+ar +uttons, shown in Aigure K

The view control +uttons can help you set the proper view, clean the view, assist s,etching, etc * found the first +utton is very useful as * had the ha+it of using scroll +all to spin the geometry :o the first +utton can always +ring me +ac, to the paper (the s,etch view) The Gri' O,/Off is often used as the grid can help the s,etch 0ow clic, on the +utton to turn the grid on <ou should see Aigure L The second group of +uttons shown in Aigure K allows you draw different features :ome of these commands are very o+vious, e g , creating lines, circles, etc :ome are not These commands may +e e-plained later in this tutorial 0ow clic, the right arrow +eside the Create (r" +utton, as shown in Aigure K, choose the +utton with the description ? Create a, ar" $3 4i"#i,- its "e,ter a,' e,' 4oi,ts @ Then clic, your cursor on the +ottom side of the vertical reference (the dotted line) as the center point, then clic, the left side of the horiBontal reference, and finish with the clic, on the upper part of the vertical reference 06& C"*CM TIE 4*//"E 465:E 75TT60 T6 1ET <652:E"A 65T 6A TIE C522E0T /2.&*01 46/E The 447 is used for canceling the current drawing mode for other commands as well <ou should have drawn an arc /onEt worry a+out the dimensions% 9ust get the shape right at first 2epeat the same step +y clic,ing on the same center point +ut with different endpoints The two endpoints should right a+ove the end points of the first arc, respectively <ou should have a concentric arc similar to the first one /raw two lines to connect the respective endpoints <ou should have an enclosed profile with two concentric arcs and two vertical lines The graphics window should loo, li,e that in Aigure 1$ (donEt worry a+out the dimensionsH)
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1) 2e3dimension the geometry *n Aigure 1$, there are some gray dimensions *f you donEt see these, clic, on the Di1e,sio, O,/Off $)tto,, as shown in Aigure ! These dimensions are automatically added +y Pro/E 0ow, re3dimension the geometry and modify these dimensions to your desired ones Clic, on the Di1e,sio, +utton on your right tool+ar as shown in Aigure K &e will specify two dimensions% one is the total horiBontal length and the other is the height of the left vertical line Clic, the two vertical lines using your "47, and move your cursor to the middle of the two lines and clic, the 447 <ou should see a horiBontal dimension, indicating the length of the profile Then clic, on the left vertical line using "47, then clic, the 447 to place the second dimension Clic, on the &o'if3 Di1e,sio, right +elow the Di1e,sio, +utton Pic, the horiBontal dimension% you will then see a pop3up window /eselect Re-e,erate5 enter the value Then clic, the line length dimension, enter =1$> Pic, the gray radius dimension for the arc, enter Then clic, the chec, mar, +utton The geometry will +e regenerated with new dimensions, as shown in Aigure 11 The message window will show ?/imension modifications successfully completed @

0ow, you can select the (""e4t +utton shown in Aigure The geometry turns pale yellow 7ac, to the +uttons shown in figure

.s shown in Aigure 1', these +uttons can +e grouped to five groups 7uttons such as Re-e,erates &o'el6 Re'ra/ the ")rre,t 7ie/6 and Refit o$%e"t to f)ll3 'is4la3 are commonly used ones Can you find themN Please note these tool+ar +uttons will change, e-pending which mode you are in E-amples of different modes are part modeling model, drawing mode, assem+ly mode, s,etch mode, etc <ou can use +I*E . Pri,t to print your model, or +I*E . !a7e a Co43 to print it as a picture or Ailes .ctions 4odel /isplay 1roup /atum Ielp formats reada+le +y other C./ tools 6r, you could simply use the CPrint :crnD ,ey on your ,ey+oard and then use 4icrosoft Paint to convert it into a picture file

EX.NO:08

8D DR(WING

(I& To /raw the 1iven 2/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE

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1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer 2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory ' Aile O 0ew 3s,etch3o, Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @ Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line .lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:09 CRE(TE GI:EN 8D TO 9D &ODE*ING

(I& To /raw the 1iven '/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE 1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer
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2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory ' Aile O 0ew 3part3o, Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @ Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line .lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:0; 9D P(RT &ODE*ING

(I& To /raw the 1iven '/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE 1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer 2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory
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' Aile O 0ew 3part3o, Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @ Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line .lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:0< 9D P(RT &ODE*ING

(I& To /raw the 1iven '/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE 1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer 2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory ' Aile O 0ew 3part3o,
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Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @ Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line .lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:0= 9D P(RT &ODE*ING

(I& To /raw the 1iven '/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE 1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer 2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory ' Aile O 0ew 3part3o, Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line
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:elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @ Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line .lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:0> 9D P(RT &ODE*ING

(I& To /raw the 1iven '/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE 1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer 2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory ' Aile O 0ew 3part3o, Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @
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Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line .lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:0? 9D P(RT &ODE*ING

(I& To /raw the 1iven '/ /iagram +y 5sing Pro E PROCEDURE 1 :tart 4enu O Programs O Engineering .pplications O Pro Engineer 2 Aile O :et &or,ing /irectory ' Aile O 0ew 3part3o, Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point centerlines @ Clic, on the vertical dotted3yellow line
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.lign the +lue line with the dotted3yellow line and clic, again to complete the line /o the same for the other, horiBontal dotted3yellow line :,etching :traight "inesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the +lue line :elect ?Create 2 point lines @ Clic, on the screen to start creating a line Clic, again to create another point The letter "1 shown in red indicates that two lines have e#ual length To end drawing lines, clic, on the center +utton Aollow the same steps to draw all the necessary straight lines :,etching CurvesG Clic, on the drop down menu ne-t to the #uarter3circle :elect ?Create an arc +y ' points or tangent to an entity at its endpoint @ Clic, on the end3point of one of the lines 4a,e sure that the curve is tangent to the line (indicated +y the yellow letter ?T@) Clic, on the end3point of the other line Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points Changing the /imensionsG Clic, on ?:elect items@ to show the dimensions <ou can change the dimension +y dou+le clic,ing on the num+er <ou can also change the dimensions +y clic,ing and dragging on yellow points 4a,e sure that the dimensions you choose are within the ratios presented in the ta+le :ave the file

RE!U*T Thus the given diagram is drawn +y using pro E software EX.NO:0@ INTRODUCTION O+ CNC PROGR(&&ING

This wor,+oo, provides +asic programming principles necessary to +egin programming the C0C "athe P 4illing *n a ?C0C@ (ComputeriBed 0umerical Control) machine, the tool is controlled +y a computer and is programmed with a machine code system that ena+les it to +e operated with minimal supervision and with a great deal of repeata+ility The same principles used in operating a manual machine are used in programming a C0C machine The main difference is that instead of cran,ing handles to position a slide to a certain point, the dimension is stored in the memory of the machine control once The control will then move the machine to these positions each time the program is run *n order to operate and program a C0C controlled
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machine, a +asic understanding of machining practices and a wor,ing ,nowledge of math is necessary *t is also important to +ecome familiar with the control console and the placement of the ,eys, switches, displays, etc , that are pertinent to the operation of the machine This Iaas lathe wor,+oo, can +e used for +oth operatorEs and programmerEs *t is meant as a supplementary teaching aid for the user of I..: "athes The information in this wor,+oo, may apply in whole or in part to the programming of other C0C machines *t is intended to give a +asic understanding of C0C programming and itEs applications *t is not intended as an in3depth study of all ranges of the machine use, +ut as an overview of common and potential situations facing C0C programmers 4uch more training and information is necessary +efore attempting to program on the machine Aor a complete e-planation and an in3depth description, refer to the Programming and 6peration 4anual that is supplied with your C0C lathe TIE C662/*0.TE :<:TE4

The first diagrams that were concerned with are called 0547E2 "*0E: This num+er line has a reference Bero point that is called .7:6"5TE FE26 and may +e placed at any point along the num+er line The num+er line also has num+ered increments on either side of a+solute Bero 4oving away from Bero to the right are positive increments 4oving away from Bero to the left are negative 3Q increments The ?R@, or positive increments, are understood, therefore no sign is needed The Q3Q sign is always needed if itSs a negative value &e use positive and negative along with the incrementEs value to indicate its relationship to Bero on the line *n the case of the previous line, if we choose to move to the third increment on the minus (3) side of Bero, we would call for 3' *f we choose the second increment in the plus range, we would call for 2 6ur concern is with distance and direction from Bero

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2emem+er that Bero may +e placed at any point along the line, and that once placed, one side of Fero has negative increments and the other side has positive increments The ne-t illustration shows the two directions of travel on a lathe To carry the num+er line idea a little further, imagine such a line placed along each a-is of the machine Iaas "athe 8 and F a-is lines The first num+er line is easy to conceive as +elonging to the left3to3right, or ?F@, a-is of the machine *f we place a similar num+er line along the front3to3+ac,, or ?8@ a-is, the increments toward the operator are the negative increments, and the increments away from the operator are the positive increments The increments on a num+er line on the C0C lathe e#ual $$$1 inches &hile a line theoretically has infinite length in either direction, the two lines placed along the 8 and F a-es of the machine do not have unlimited accessi+ility That is to say, we are limited +y the range of travel on the machine Aor the I..: :"32$ for e-ample, we have access to L () inches in the 8 a-is and 2$ inches in the F a-is 2emem+er, when we are moving the machine, we are concerned with positioning the turret around our wor, piece .nd our coordinates for positioning the turret are +ased off a floating Bero point or our part origin 0oteG The Iaas lathe use 8 dimensions +ased on the part diameter, not the radius Thus an 8 moves from $ To 1 $ (81 $) will only move the tool up ) on the 8 a-is The Bero position may +e placed at any point along each of the two num+er lines, and in fact will pro+a+ly +e different for each setup of the machine *t is noteworthy to mention here that the 83a-is is usually set with the machine Bero position on the center line of the spindle, while the F a-is Bero is usually set at the finished right end surface of the part +eing machined T his places all 8 a-is cutting in a positive range of travel, whereas the F a-is cutting would +e in the negative range of travel The diagram at left shows a front view of the grid as it would appear on the lathe This view shows the 8 and F a-es as the operator faces the lathe 0ote that at the intersection of the two lines, a common Bero point is esta+lished The
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four areas to the sides and a+ove and +elow the lines are called ?T5./2.0T:@ and ma,e up the +asis for what is ,nown as rectangular coordinate programming T5./2.0T 1 is on the Top 2ight at 8R, FR T5./2.0T 2 is on the Top "eft at 8R, FT5./2.0T ' is on the 7ottom "eft at 83, FT5./2.0T ( is on the 7ottom 2ight at 83, FR &henever we set a Bero somewhere on the 8 a-is and somewhere on the F a-is, we have automatically caused an intersection of the two lines This intersection where the two Beros come together will automatically have the four #uadrants to its sides, a+ove, and +elow it Iow much of each #uadrant that is accessi+le is determined +y where we place the Beros on the travel a-es of the lathe Aor e-ample, if we set Bero e-actly in the middle of the F a-is and if we set the 8 a-is Bero on the spindle center line, we have created four #uadrants Aor an :"32$ for e-ample, the upper two #uadrants of the F travel is 1$ inches and the 8 travel is ! () inches The lower two #uadrants will have F travel of 1$ inches and 8 travel of 1 inch The I..: lathes have 1 inch of negative travel +eyond the center line of the spindle 4.CI*0E I64E The principal of machine home may +e seen when doing a reference return of all machines a-es at machine startup . Bero return (P6&E2 5P/2E:T.2T) is performed when you power on machine .ll a-es will then move to the furthest positive locations, to the upper right of machine, until the limit switches are reached &hen this condition is satisfied, the only way to move any of the a-es is in the negative direction This is +ecause the machine Bero, is set to the furthest positive point to the upper right of the machine, when the machine was sent Iome with a P6&E2 5P/2E:T.2T 4achine Iome is placed at the edge of each a-es travel *n effect, now the positive #uadrants cannot +e reached, and all the 8 and F moves will +e found to +e in the 83, F#uadrant *t is only +y setting a new location with, Tool 1eometry and &or, Fero 6ffsets somewhere within the travel of each a-is that other #uadrants are a+le to +e reached

20

*t ?would not@ +e convenient to program our parts from the machine Bero, so secondary floating Bero point is esta+lished with offsets This floating Bero is referred to +y either, P.2T FE26 or P.2T 62*1*0, +oth having the same meaning To create the new part Bero location, each tool is
21

manually touched off of the part +eing setup, on the diameter and the length Then through a series of control ,ey stro,es, that distance from machine Bero to the part Bero is stored for 8 P F a-es, in tool offsets, and activated later, from the part program, when that tool is used for cutting a part Centerline of the lathe spindle will always +e Q8Q Bero and the QF@ Bero location will QfloatQ to the face on the part that reflects most of the part length dimensions 0ormally the front face is used, +ecause itEs usually easier to access for touch3off procedure and also easier to program .7:6"5TE .0/ *0C2E4E0T." P6:*T*60*01 5p to this point, we have defined a system of positioning the tool that is ,nown as a+solute programming *n a+solute, all coordinate points are given, in 8 and F a-is, with regard to their relationship to a fi-ed part Bero or an origin point This is the most common type of positioning .nother type of positioning is called incremental *ncremental positioning is defined using 5 and & The Q5Q character is used to specify incremental motion in the 83a-is, and the Q&Q character is used to specify incremental motion in the F a-is 7oth ?5@ and ?&@ define distance and direction from a point to point location .n incremental coordinate position is entered, using 5 and &, in terms of its relationship to the previous position, and not from a part Bero or part origin point *n other words, after a +loc, of information has +een e-ecuted, the position that the tool is now at is the new Bero point for the ne-t move to +e made The Q5Q address is used to specify an incremental move along the Q8Q a-is and the Q&Q address is used to specify an incremental move along the QFQ a-is .n e-ample of the use of the incremental system is shown +elow 0ote that to move from F3' '!) to F3 J2) on the scale, a positive incremental move of &2 !)$ was made, even though the move & still places the tool on the minus side of the F scale Therefore the move was determined from the start point position, with no regard for the fi-ed Bero reference point The R and 3 signs are used in terms of direction from the starting point, and are not defined in regard to the part Bero point

22

Meep in mind that when positioning in a+solute, we are concerned with distance and direction from a fi-ed part Bero reference point, and when positioning in incremental we are concerned with distance and direction from the last point .+solute mode should +e your positioning mode of choice for most applications There are times when incremental mode can +e #uite helpful 2epeating motions within a su+routine, for e-ample, is one e-cellent e-ample *f you have siidentical grooves to turn on a C0C lathe, you can save programming effort if you specify the motions incrementally to machine one groove Then 9ust call up the su+routine again to repeat the commands to do another groove at a new location There are even times when it is helpful to command one a-is move in the a+solute mode while another moves in incremental mode .ny turning center using 5 and & to specify incremental motions in 8 and F easily allows this :ay youEre e-periencing some unwanted taper on a diameter and you want to program a tapering movement to counteract the pro+lem *n the command that turns the diameter that is e-periencing unwanted taper, you can specify the F endpoint in a+solute mode from program Bero and the 8 endpoint as an incremental move Iere is an e-ampleG 0$($ 1$1 5$ $$2 F32 ) A$ $$) *n this command, the tool will move $ $$2 inch, on the diameter, in the 8 positive direction while the F a-is moves to an endpoint of minus 2 ) inches relative to program Bero 0oteG The Iaas lathe used a+solute 8 dimensions +ased on the part diameter, not the radius Thus an 8 move from $ to 1 $ (81 $) will only move the tool up ) on the 8 a-is "i,e 8 a-is a+solute moves, incremental 5 movements are specified for the part diameter, not the radius Thus a 5 move from $ to 1 $ (51 $) will only move the tool up ) incrementally on the 8 a-is P2612.44*01 &*TI C6/E:
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The definition of a part program for any C0C consists of movements of the tool and speed changes to the spindle 2P4 *t also contains au-iliary command functions such as tool changes, coolant on or off commands, or e-ternal 4 code commands Tool movements consist of rapid positioning commands, straight line moves or movement along an arc of the tool at a controlled speed The Iaas lathe has two (2) linear a-es defined as 8 a-is and F a-is The 8 a-is moves the tool turret toward and away from the spindle center line, while the F a-is moves the tool turret along the spindle a-is The machine Bero position is where the tool is at the upper right corner of the wor, cell farthest away from the spindle a-is 4otion in the 8 a-is will move the turret toward the spindle centerline with negative values and away from spindle center with positive values 4otion in the F a-is will move the tool toward the spindle chuc, with negative values and away from the chuc, with positive values . program is written as a set of instructions given in the order they are to +e performed The instructions, if given in English, might loo, li,e thisG "*0E U1 V :E"ECT C5TT*01 T66" "*0E U2 V T520 :P*0/"E 60 .0/ :E"ECT TIE 2P4 "*0E U' V 2.P*/ T6 TIE :T.2T*01 P6:*T*60 6A TIE P.2T "*0E U( V T520 C66".0T 60 "*0E U) V CI66:E P26PE2 AEE/ 2.TE .0/ 4.ME TIE C5T(:) "*0E UJ V T520 TIE :P*0/"E .0/ C66".0T 6AA "*0E U! V 2ET520 T6 C"E.2.0CE P6:*T*60 T6 :E"ECT .06TIE2 T66" and so on 7ut our machine control understands only these messages when given in machine code, also referred to as 1 and 4 code programming 7efore considering the meaning and the use of codes, it is helpful to lay down a few guidelines P2612.4 A624.T There is no positional re#uirement for the address codes They may +e placed in any order within the +loc, Each individual can format their programs many different ways 7ut, Program format or program style is an important part of C0C machining There are some program command formats that can +e moved around, and some commands need to +e a certain way, and there are some standard program rules that are 9ust good to follow The point is that a programmer needs to have an organiBed program format thatEs consistent and efficient so that any C0C machinist in your shop can understand it :ome standard program rules to consider areG
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Program 8 and F in alpha+etical order on any +loc, The machine will read F or 8 in any order, +ut we want to +e consistent *f +oth 8 and F are on a command line in a program, they should +e listed together and in order &rite 8 first, and F second <ou can put 1 and 4 codes anywhere on a line of code 7ut, in the +eginning when 0/C programming was +eing developed 1 codes had to +e in the +eginning of a program line and 4 codes had to +e at the end .nd this rule, a lot of people still follow and is a good standard to continue :ome C0C machines allow you to write more the one 4 code per line of code and some wonEt 6n the I..:, only one 4 code may +e programmed per +loc, and all 4 codes are activated or cause an action to occur after everything else on the line has +een e-ecuted Program format is a series and se#uence of commands that a machine may accept and e-ecute Program format is the order in which the machine code is listed in a program that consist of command words Command words +egin with a single letter and then num+ers for each word *f it has a plus (R) value, no sign is needed *f it has a minus value, it must +e entered with a minus (3) sign *f a command word is only a num+er and not a value, then no sign or decimal point is entered with that command Program format defines the Qlanguage of the machine tool Q 1L2 F3$ 2 P$ ' 2$ 1 A$ $$' 1L$ 1$$ F1 4$K 12L 461 0( (/rill '12 /ia - 1 ) /epth) 12L T($( ()/1J /*. /2*"") 1K! :2($$ 4$' 1)( 1$$ 8$ F1 4$L 1L' F31 ) T$ ' 2$ 1 A$ $$J 1L$ 1$$ F1 4$K 12L 461 .0 E8.4P"E 6A TIE P2612.4S: A*2:T C65P"E 6A "*0E:G TIE A*2:T "*0E or +loc, of a program, should +e a return to machine Bero (using 12L or 1)1 codes) .ny tool change should +e after a return to machine Bero or a tool change location .lthough this is not necessary it is a good safety measure
25

TIE :EC60/ "*0E of code should apply to any appropriate tool selections and tool geometry offsets or tool shifts TIE TI*2/ "*0E may optionally contain a spindle speed ma-imum for the tool +eing used TIE A652TI "*0E or +loc, should cancel any constant surface speed mode (1K!) .nd it should specify a constant spindle speed command (:WWWW) along with a spindle 60 cloc,wise command (4$') TIE A*ATI "*0E should contain a wor, offset (1)(), a preparatory code (1$$) for rapid command with an 8 and F location for positioning the turret, and turn on the coolant (4$L) TIE :*8TI "*0E may choose to, optionally specify a Constant :urface :peed with (1KJ) and a surface feet per minute (:A4) defined with a (:WWWW) command 6ATE0 5:E/ P2EP.2.T62< ?1@ C6/E: 1 1$$ 2apid traverse motion% 5sed for non3cutting moves of the machine in positioning #uic, to a location to +e machined, or rapid away after program cuts have +een performed 4a-imum rapid motion (* P 4 ) of a Iaas machine will vary on machine model 2 1$1 "inear interpolation motion% 5sed for actual machining and metal removal 1overned +y a programmed feed rate in inches (or mm) per revolution (1KK) 4a-imum feed rate (* P 4 ) of a Iaas machine will vary on machine model (*nch Per 4inute V 2 P 4 - *nch Per 2evolution) ' ( ) J ! L K 1$2 Circular *nterpolation 3 Cloc,wise 1$' Circular *nterpolation 3 Countercloc,wise 12L 4achine Iome (2apid traverse) 1($ Tool 0ose Compensation C.0CE" 1(1 Tool 0ose Compensation "EAT of the programmed path 1(2 Tool 0ose Compensation 2*1IT of the programmed path 1)$ :pindle :peed 4a-imum 2P4 limit

1$ 1!$ Ainishing Cycle 11 1!1 6 / /* / :toc, 2emoval Cycle 12 1!2 End Aace :toc, 2emoval Cycle 1' 1!J 6 / /* / Thread Cutting Cycle
26

1( 1L$ Cancel Canned Cycle 1) 1L1 /rill Canned Cycle 1J 1L2 :pot /rill Canned Cycle 1! 1L' Pec, /rill Canned Cycle 1L 1L( Tapping Canned Cycle 1K 1KJ Constant :urface :peed 6n 2$ 1K! Constant :urface :peed Cancel 21 1KL Aeed Per 4inute 22 1KK Aeed Per 2evolution 6ATE0 5:E/ 4*:CE"".0E65: ?4@ C6/E: 1 4$$ The 4$$ code is used for a Program :top command on the machine *t stops the spindle, turns off coolant and stops loo,ahead processing Pressing C<C"E :T.2T again will continue the program on the ne-t +loc, of the program 2 4$1 The 4$1 code is used for an 6ptional Program :top command Pressing the 6PT :T6P ,ey on the control panel signasl the machine to perform a stop command when the control reads an 4$1 command *t will then perform li,e an 4$$ ' ( ) J ! L K 4$' :tarts the :pindle A62&.2/ 4ust have a spindle speed defined 4$( :tarts the :pindle 2E;E2:E 4ust have a spindle speed defined 4$) :T6P: the :pindle 4$L Coolant 60 command 4$K Coolant 6AA command 4'$ Program End and 2eset to the +eginning of program 4K! "ocal :u+routine Call

1$ 4KL :u+program Call 11 4KK :u+program 2eturn (4KL) or :u+routine 2eturn (4K!), or a Program "oop 06TEG 6nly one Q4Q code can +e used per line .nd the Q4Q codes will +e the last command e-ecuted in a line, regardless of where itSs located in that line P2612.4 :T25CT52E . C0C part program consists of one or more +loc,s of commands &hen viewing the program, a +loc, is the same as a line of te-t 7loc,s shown on the C2T are always terminated +y the ?%@ sym+ol which is called an E67 (End 6f 7loc,) 7loc,s are made up of alpha+etical address
27

codes which are always an alpha+etical character followed +y a numeric value Aor instance, the specification to move the 83a-is would +e a num+er proceeded +y the 8 sym+ol Programs must +egin and end with a percent (X) sign .fter the first percent (X) sign, the program must have a program num+er +eginning with the letter 6 (not Bero) and then the num+er that defines that program (four digit num+er for older machines and five digit num+er for newer machines) Those program num+ers are used to identify and select a main program to +e run, or as a su+program called up +y the main program The X will QnotQ +e seen on the control, +ut they must +e in the program when you load it into the control .nd they will +e seen when you download a program from the machine The X signs are automatically entered in for you, if you entered the program in on the C0C control . program may also contain a ? / ? sym+ol The ? / ? sym+ol, sometimes called a slash, is used to define an optional +loc, *f a +loc, contains this sym+ol, any information that follows the slash in a program +loc,, will +e ignored when the 7"6CM /E"ETE +utton is selected when running a program 6n the following page is a sample program as it would appear on the C2T The words following the ?G@ are not part of the actual program +ut are put there as further e-planation This program will rough and finish turn and face for a part with two diameters along with drilling and tapping for a '/L31J - 1 $ deep threaded whole one end XG Program must +egin and end with a X 6$$$1L% "etter ?6@ and a five digit program num+er (C0C ".TIE P2612.4 E8.4P"E) % GComment statement +etween parenthesis 1 2 ' ( ) J ! L K 01 (2ough 6 / ) % GAirst operation 12L % G2eturn to machine Bero for a tool change, cancel tool offset T1$1 (6 / T66" - $'1 T02) % G:elect tool 1 with offset 1 1)$ :2J$$% :et spindle speed ma- clamp 2J$$ 2P4 1K! :(1( 4$' % Cancel C::, (1) spindle speed, on forward 1)( 1$$ 8' J F$ 1 46L % &or, offset, rapid 8, F a-es, coolant on 1KJ :'K$ % C:: on at 'K$ :A4, coolant on 1$$ F$ $$) %2apid to $$) from the end of part 1$1 83$ $J' A$ $$) %2ough face end of part

1$ 1$$ 8' J F$ 1 % 2apid to start point a+ove part 11 1!1 P1$ T2$ 5$ $1 &$ $$) /$ 1 A$ $1% 2ough turning 1!1 canned cycle using the path definedG +etween 01$ thru 02$, leaving $1$ stoc,s on the 83a-isG diameters, $$) stoc,s on the linear faces, with $ 1 depthsG of cut each pass, feeding $1$ per revolution 12 01$ 1(2 1$$ 8$ L2 %01$ is the starting +loc, called +y the P +loc, in the 1!1
28

1' 1$1 F$ A$ $$( % line that difines in it the geometery to rough out 1( 8$ K % G"ines that defines the part geometery to rough out 1) 1$' 81 F3$ $) 2$ $) % ? ? ? ? ? ? 1J / 1$1 F31 !) % ? ? ? ? ? ? 1! / 81 !) % ? ? ? ? ? ? 1L / 1$' 82 2) F32 2 2) % ? ? ? ? ? ? 1K 1$1 F3' 2) A$ $$( % ? ? ? ? ? ? 2$ 82 K( % ? ? ? ? ? ? 21 8' F3' 2L % ? ? ? ? ? ? 22 F3( 1 % ? ? ? ? ? ? 2' 02$ 1($ 8' J % End of geometery with T2$ in 1!1 line, cancel cutter comp 2( 1K! :(1( 4$K % GCancel C::, coolant off 2) 12L % G2eturn to machine Bero for a tool change, cancel tool offset 2J 461 % G6ptional program stop % 2! 02 (A*0*:I 6 / ) % G:econd operation 2L 12L % G2eturn to machine Bero for a tool change, cancel tool offset 2K T2$2 (6 / T66" - $'1 T02) % G:elect tool 2 with offset 2 '$ 1)$ :2J$$ % G:pindle speed ma- of 2J$$ 2P4 '1 1K! :1')( 4$' % GCancel C::, 1')$ spindle speed, on forward '2 1)( 1$$ 81 1 F$ 1 4$L % G&or, offset, rapid 8 and F a-is, coolant on '' 1KJ :'K$ % GC:: on at 'K$ :A4 '( 1$$ F$ % G2apid to end of part ') 1$1 83$ $'2 A $$' % GAinish face end of part 'J 1$$ 8' J F$ 1 % G2apid to start point a+ove part '! 1!$ P1$ T2$ % GAinishing cycle calling 01$thru 02$ to do a finish pass 'L 1K! :(1( % GCancel C::, (!) spindle speed 'K 1$$ F1 $ 4$K % G2apid F a-is, coolant off ($ 12L % G2eturn to machine Bero for a tool change, cancel tool offset (1 4$1 % G6ptional program stop% (2 0' (/rill !)$ /ia - 2 ) /epth) % GThird operation (' 12L % G2eturn to machine Bero for a tool change, cancel tool offset (( T'$' ('/( /*. /2*"") % G:elect tool ' with offset ' () 1K! :1KLJ 4$' % GCancel C::, 1K)$ spindle speed, on forward
29

(J 1)( 1$$ 8$ F1 4$L % G&or, offset, rapid 8 and F a-is, coolant on (! 1L' F32 ) T$ ' 2$ 1 A$ $$) % G/eep hole pec, drill 2 ) deep with a $ ' pec, (L 1L$ 1$$ F$ 1 4$K % GCancel canned cycle, rapid F a-is, coolant off (K 12L % G2eturn to machine Bero for a tool change, cancel tool offset )$ T1$$ % G:elect tool 1 to get ready for the ne-t part )1 4'$ % G:top program, rewind to +eginning X GProgram must end with a X *t is common to +egin each tool in a part program with preparatory codes, turning on commands associated for that tool, and then ending +y returning to machine home, or a safe location, to position for a tool change There might +e a num+er of commands that are repeated throughout the program This is done for safety to insure that the proper commands are attained if the operator has to +egin, at the start of a tool in the middle of a program, in the event of tool +rea,age, to rerun a tool, or finish a part after powering up the machine This is a common programming practice

EX.NO:10

CNC TURNING

(I& To create C0C turning program +y using 1 and 4 code

30

PROGR(& 1'$ 5$ &$ 1)$ :2$$$ T$1$$ 1KJ :2$$ 4$' 1$$ 8)J $ F2 $ T$1$1 4$L 1K$ 8)1 $ &3'2 $ A$ 2) 8(J $ 8(1 $ 8'J $ 8'1 $ 8'$ $ 1'$ 5$ &$ 4'$

RE!U*T Thus the taper turning program was completed +y using 1 and 4 code

EX.NO: 11

CNC &I**ING

(I& To create C0C compound cycle gear milling program using 1 and 4 code
31

PROGR(&

01$ 1K! :L$$ 4$' T$'$$ 1$$ 8'$ $ F) $ T$'$' 1!J P$21$J$ T1$$ 21$$ 1!J 81L 2 F32$ $ PK$$ T)$$ A1 ) 1$$ 8)$ $ F32$ $ 1!J P$21$J$ T1$$ 21$$ 1!J 8'L 2 F3)2 $ PK$$ T)$$ A1 ) 1$$ 82$$ $ F2$$ $ T$'$$ 4'$

RE!U*T Thus the C0C compound cycle gear milling program was completed +y using 1 and 4 code

EX.NO: 18

CNC T(PER TURNING

(I& To create C0C taper turning program +y using 1 and 4 code

PROGR(&
32

1'$ 5$ &$G 1)$ :2$$$ T$1$$G 1KJ :2$$ 4$'G 1$$ 8J1 $ F2 $ T$1$1 4LG 1K$ 8)) $ &O(2 $ A$ 2)G 8)$ $G 8() $G 8($ $G F312 $ 231 !)G F32J $ 23' )G F3($ 23) 2)G 1'$ 5$ &$G 4'$ RE!U*T Thus the taper turning program was completed +y using 1 and 4 code

33