A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH

Learning as a Subversive Activity; Mr. Hatch Has a Message for Those Who Care about Education: Were Going to learn in Spite of the System by Amos Hatch (2007) is an academic work which is based on teaching experience of the author. The experience helped him to examine the whole system of public education since 1970s and the challenges and opportunities which were faced by the teachers for decades are depicted in the article. The work is very important to be read because it allows teachers and parents identify the core problems of the system; however, a lot of attention is paid to attitudes of the pupils. Hatch explains the reasons of the negative treatment of education by most of children and comments on the ways to improve this situation. It is important that the author notices the core goal of the education changed, as well as goals and aims of the pupils. According to the article, traditions and values of the society have played a significant role in promotion of these unfavorable changes (Hatch, 2007). A very extensive work by Jose Villalba and Rachelle Redmond which is called Crash: Using a Popular Film as an Experiential Learning Activity in a Multicultural Counseling Course is devoted to finding solutions to the problems which were described in the article by Hatch (2007), as well as to many other problems which are related to education. Despite the fact that the article is directed at a narrow field of studies, it provides information about experimental learning and reveals its benefits, disadvantages and other characteristics which are important to be known by teachers who are experts in various fields of knowledge. Addressing the use of the film Crash, work of Villalba and Redmond provide reflections for its suing as an activity of experimental type. The authors also give instructions on the usage to help other teachers to use the film more effectively during teaching cultural diversity.

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH

Paying more attention to the film, the researchers analyze it and its training objectives in the context of experimental studies; they also analyze each of the scenes, quoting some parts of the text in order to provide readers of the article with better understanding of the technique used to promote cultural diversity (Villalba, Redmond, 2007). The article published in The Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance is devoted to usage of Webquests in online learning. The article is written by Marianne Woods, Grace Karp, Jane Shimon, and Karla Jensen and it is called Using Webquests to Create Online Learning Opportunities in Physical education: Are You Looking for an Innovative Means to Develop Students Cognitive Domain without a Loss of Activity Time? Try Webquests. It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the article really provides an innovative approach to the studies of physical education, which involves Webquests. The authors of the article explain what a Webquest is and also give some instructions which are helpful when it is necessary to create one. In order to provide the readers with better understanding of the issue, the researchers support their instructions by examples of Webquests. Despite the fact that physical education is chosen as the main subject to be addressed, the article also reveals some ideas for Webquests of other disciplines, including Reading, Geography, Science, History, etc. It also has some tasks for those who want to develop some skills in creation of Webquests and later use them for more effective teaching (Woods, Karp, Shimon, Jensen, 2009). Grant Gardner devoted his article to learning activities which are based on design and are aimed at studying biology. The researcher conducted an extensive literature review and analyzed the steps which are taken in order to develop the process of technological design. In order to help the readers understand the issue better, Gardner describes how the activity can be used in studies of biomimetics. However, better understanding requires

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH

clarification of what biomimicry is and providing various characteristics of it. The author proceeds with detailed description of the implication of his method for the current study, drawing examples of his laboratory observations (Gardner, 2012). One more research work devoted to the effective ways of learning was published in the educational Technology and Society magazine. The article under the name Design and Implementation of an Object Oriented Learning Activity System discusses how the process of learning and various learning activities were affected by the internet. The article identifies some problems, which occurred because of the internet and the process of globalization and offers the ways to cope with the problems. The general basis for the solutions is represented by a range of mechanisms which are aimed at adaptation of learning activity navigation and presentation of the content according to the concepts knowledge of the learners. Authors of the article name some related works and include graphs and images in order to demonstrate the approach they recommend in a more effective way. Some models of adaptive learning activities are offered to promote the process of learning. The researchers conduct a thorough study, paying a lot of attention to learning sequencing graphs, formula to calculate concept score, formula to understand ratio, various methods of usage of the data presented in the article, etc. However, similar to one of the articles which have already been mentioned above, the current research is aimed at a narrow area of studies, although provides an effective and innovative method to promote its learning (Tseng, et al. 2009).

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH References Hatch., A. (2007). Learning as a Subversive Activity; Mr. Hatch Has a Message for Those Who Care about Education. Phi Delta Kappan, 89(4). Gardner, G. (2012), Using Biomimicry to Engage Students in a Design-Based learning Activity. The American Biology Teacher, 74(3). Seng, S. et al. (2009). Design and implementation of an Object Oriented Learning Activity System. Educational Technology and Society, 12(3). Vallalba, J., Redmond, R. (2007). Using a Popular Film as an Experimental Learning Activity in a multicultural Counseling Course. American Counseling Association, 47(4). Woods, M., Karp, G., Shimon, J., Jensen, K. (2004). Using Webquests to Create Online Learning Opportunities in Physical Education: Are You Looking for an Innovative

Means to Develop Students Cognitive Domain without a Loss of Activity Time? Try Webquests. JOPERD, 75(8).