ChapterVII

IN-PLANE BENDING
1
Beam axis
Crosssection( totheaxis)
AreaA
DEFINITION OF A BEAM
CROSSSECTIONDIMENSIONS<BEAMLENGTH/10
G
G
Other crosssection( totheaxis)
AreaA
2
INTERNAL FORCES IN CROSS-
SECTION
G
EXTERNALFORCESANDREACTIONS CUTstresses(equilibrium )
INTERNALFORCES
3
Axis Crosssection( totheaxis)
DEXTORSUMSYSTEMOFAXES
INTERNAL FORCES IN CROSS-
SECTION
4
IN-PLANE BENDING
5
Shortening
Compressive
stresses
Elongation
Tensile stresses
o =0somewhere
inbetween
(neutral axis)
BEAMDEFORMATIONUNDER
CONSTANTMOMENT:CIRCLE
BERNOUILLIS PRINCIPLE
6
Crosssectionsremain flatand
perpendicular tothebeam axis
IN-PLANE BENDING
7
Sliceofunitlength
IN-PLANE BENDING
8
andso
IN-PLANE BENDING
9
Lineardistributionofc ando
c
o
y
Linear distributionofdeformations
Hookes law
Linear distributionofstresses
y
c

=
E o c =
y
E E o c

= =
ENA
IN-PLANE BENDING
10
Determinationoftheneutralaxisand
Longitudinalequilibrium(alongthebeamaxis)
Neutralaxiscorrespondstothecentreofgravity
0 0
A A
E
dA ydA o

= =
} }
IN-PLANE BENDING
11
Determinationoftheneutralaxisand
Equilibriuminrotation
as

2
A A
E
ydA y dA M o

=
} }
2
A
y dA I =
}
1 M
EI
_

= =
Flexural rigidity
IN-PLANE BENDING
12
Stressdistribution
1 M y
and E
EI
o

= =
:
My
Navier
I
o =
c
o
y
ENA
IN-PLANE BENDING
13
Navier applicabletosymmetricalandnon
symmetricalcrosssectionsaslongasthe
planeofbendingcorrespondstooneofthe
principalaxesofthecrosssection
y
z
IN-PLANE BENDING
14
Navier notdirectlyapplicabletocrosssections
subjectedtobendingnotappliedaboutthe
mainaxes
Navier stillassumedtobevalidforbeams
subjectedtononconstantbending
momentsalongthebeamlength
IN-PLANE BENDING
15
M
max
= pL/8
T
1
= PL/2
T
2
= -PL/2
p
LimitationsoftheNavier lineardistribution
IN-PLANE BENDING
16
t
b
h
Rectangular
cross
section
Navier stillassumedtobevalidforbeams
subjectedtononconstantbending
momentsalongthebeamlength
IN-PLANE BENDING
17
M
max
= Pa(L-a)/L
T
1
= P(L-a)/L
T
2
= -Pa/L
P
LimitationsoftheNavier lineardistribution
IN-PLANE BENDING
18
LimitationsoftheNavier lineardistribution
Inpractice:
Localeffect
(StVenants principle)
Localyieldingunderthe
concentratedload
Transversestiffeners
Bearingplateplate
IN-PLANE BENDING
19
Navier stillassumedtobevalidfortapered
beams(smoothcrosssectionvariation)
IN-PLANE BENDING
20
LimitationsoftheNavier lineardistribution
IN-PLANE BENDING
21
LimitationsoftheNavier lineardistribution
IN-PLANE BENDING
22
!
Stressconcentration
cfr.tension
h
c<c
y
o<R
o=R
o=(Mh/2)/I R
c=c
y
_
e
=2c
y
/h
IN-PLANE BENDING
c
o
E
c
y
R
Beamcrosssectionverification
h
c<c
y
o<R
o=R
o=(Mh/2)/I R
c=c
y
_
e
=2c
y
/h
IN-PLANE BENDING
Beamcrosssectionverification
My
I
o =
max
2
h
R for y o = =
max
2
M h
R
I
=
2
I
M R WR
h
s =
h
1
o
1
IN-PLANE BENDING
Beamcrosssectionverification
1
1,max 1
1
2
2,max 2
2
Mh M
R
I W
Mh M
R
I W
o
o
= = s
= = s
1 1 2 2
min( ; ) M WR W R s
h
2
o
2
G
IN-PLANE BENDING
Adaptcrosssectionshape
Similar valuesofAandh:
Icrosssection: W=0,32Ah
rect.crosssection: W=0,167Ah
Isectiontwice moreresistant
o
max
IN-PLANE BENDING
Adaptcrosssectionshape
Similar valuesofAandh:
W=0,32Ah
W=0,5Ah
IN-PLANE BENDING
Adaptcrosssectionshape
~
+
Beamsmadeoftwodifferentmaterials
IN-PLANE BENDING
29
E
0
b
modulus
E
a
modulus E
a
modulus
dy
Equal forcesintheslicedy E
0
b
cbdy=E
a
cb
1
dy
Beamsmadeoftwodifferentmaterials
IN-PLANE BENDING
30
E
0
b
modulus
E
a
modulus E
a
modulus
0
1
b
a
E
b b
E
=
Beamsmadeoftwodifferentmaterials
IN-PLANE BENDING
31
c
b
c
a
o
a
=E
a
c
a
c
int
o
a,int
=E
a
c
int
o
b,int
=E
0
b
/E
a
o
int
o
b
=E
0
b
/E
a
o
b,equ
EQUIVALENTSECTION ACTUALSECTION
o
b,equ
=E
a
c
b
o
a
=E
a
c
a
o
int
=E
a
c
int
Beamsmadeoftwodifferentmaterials
IN-PLANE BENDING
32
0
1
( tan. ) ( )
b b
a a
E E
b b ins loading or b after creep
E E
=