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Ain Shams U Credit hour system Eng. Physics & Math. Dept.
Final Exam (Time : 3h) Examiner: Dr. Hatem Elrefaei 30 Jan 2010
EPHS 240 - Modern Physics and Quantum Mechanics
Q1 - (8 Marks)
A) True (T) or False (F) (3 marks)
[You dont have to rewrite the sentence in the answer sheet, just write the item number]

T/F
a. One is able to carry on an experiment and determine for certain both the momentum and
energy of a particle.
b. In order to improve the visibility of the receiver spark from the background light of the
room, Heinrich Hertz had to put the transmitter inside a wooden box.
c. As temperature increases, the probability of finding an electron in an energy level lower
than the Fermi level decreases.
d. Quantum mechanically, an object cant be found in a region where its total energy is less
than its potential energy.
e. The intrinsic Fermi level shifts downward towards the valence band as temperature
increases.
f. For a p-type SC, the extrinsic Fermi level is father from the conduction band than the
intrinsic Fermi level.

B) Multiple Choice Questions (2 marks)
[You dont have to rewrite the sentence in the answer sheet, just write the item number]

1. The expected value of the z component of a particle momentum is quantum mechanically given by
(a)

dxdydz z
*
(b)

\
|

dxdy
z
i
*
h

(c)

\
|

dxdydz
t
i h
*
(d)

\
|

dxdydz
z
i
*
h

(e)

\
|

dxdydz
z
i h
*
(f)

dxdydz
z
2

2. The conclusion of Michelson-Morely experiment in 1887 is that:
(a) Earth is moving at a constant speed at all time.
(b) Light obeys Galilean transformations.
(c) Galilean transformations are correct for mass particle movement but not for massless particles like photons.
(d) The light velocity doesnt change among different inertial frames.
(e) Ether does exist and moves with constant velocity at all time.

3. When Lenard carried out his experiment on the photoelectric effect, he noticed that
(a) As the intensity of the light source increases, the stopping potential increases.
(b) The wavelength of the light source must be greater than a certain value.
(c) The current flows instantaneously when the light source turns on provided that the light source wavelength is
shorter than a certain value.
(d) With forward bias, the saturation current increases with increasing the voltage potential on the photocell.



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0
a
U1
x
Uo
U(x
4. Work function is:
(a) The maximum energy that can be gained by an electron without being freed from the attraction force of the
ions.
(b) The minimum energy required by an electron to be freed from the attraction force of an atom in a crystal and
thus it can move freely inside the crystal.
(c) The minimum energy required by an electron in a metal to be completely freed from the attraction force of
the metal ions and to get outside from the metal surface.
(d) The minimum energy required by an electron of a dopant atom to move freely inside the crystal.

C) (3 marks) Calculate the intrinsic carrier concentration for Si at 300K
o
given that E
g
=1.12 eV at 300K
o
,
and the effective masses are given be 0.49m
e
for holes and 0.26m
e
for electrons.
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Q2 - (8 Marks)
A) (3 marks) A particle of mass m is confined inside a potential well given by
( )

=
x a U
a x
x U
x U
o
1
0 0
0

Where U
1
<U
o
. It is required to solve Schrdinger equation for the case
where the particle energy E is less than U
1
:
a) Write down the wave function (x) in each region.
b) List all the unknowns of the problem.
c) List in words all the possible equations and conditions that can be used to solve the problem.
d) Apply all possible the boundary conditions only at x=0.

B) Multiple Choice Questions (2 marks)
[You dont have to rewrite the sentence in the answer sheet, just write the item number]

1. In order to come up with a successful model for the Hydrogen atom, Bohr had to introduce quantization in
(a) Electron energy (b) Electron linear momentum
(c) Electron angular velocity (d) Electron angular momentum
(e) Coulomb attraction force

2. In Bohr model of the Hydrogen atom, the Coulomb attraction force between the nucleus and an electron in
the orbit order n is
(a) Inversely proportional with n (b) Directly proportional with n
(c) Inversely proportional with n
2
(d) Directly proportional with n
2

(e) Inversely proportional with n
4
(f) Directly proportional with n
4


3. Which of the following statement is correct regarding the nonlinear relation between the drift velocity and
the applied electric field?
(a) The drift velocity saturates at small applied electric field.
(b) The drift velocity decreases as the applied electric field increases.
(c) The mobility increases as the applied electric field increases.
(d) The mobility decreases as the applied electric field decreases.
(e) The mobility decreases as the applied electric field increases.





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4. The function is a
(a) Scalar, complex, physical and measurable.
(b) Scalar, complex, not physical, and not measurable.
(c) Vector, complex, not physical, and not measurable.
(d) Scalar, real, physical, and not measurable.
(e) Vector, real, physical, and measurable.

C) (3 marks) Calculate the reflection coefficient for stream of electrons of energy 1.25 eV incident on a
potential barrier of height 1.5 eV and width 0.5 nm.
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Q3 - (8 Marks)
A) True (T) or False (F) (3 marks)
[You dont have to rewrite the sentence in the answer sheet, just write the item number]

T/F
a. In 1900, Max Planck clearly understood that electromagnetic wave behaves like series of quanta
of energy each equals hf .
b. Geiger-Marsden-Rutherford experiment proved that Thomsons plum pudding model of the atom
is wrong because the deflection of particles occurred only in the reverse direction while it
should have passed through without deflection according to Thomsons model.
c. The phase velocity could be faster than the speed of light.
d. In a finite QW, as the well height increases, the number of allowed energy levels inside the well
decreases.
e. In a finite QW, as the well gets narrower, the energy level of the ground state becomes higher.
f. If the temperature is sufficiently increased, an n-type SC starts to behave like a p-type material.

B) (3 marks) The E-k relation at the bottom of the conduction band and at the top of the valence band of a
SC material can be respectively approximated by
( ) Joule k k k E
C
19 28 2 38
10 617 . 7 10 33 . 2 10 33 . 2

+ =
( ) Joule k k E
V
2 38
10 68 . 1

=
(a) Is this a direct or indirect band gap material?
(b) Calculate the energy gap of the material in eV.
(c) Calculate the effective mass for electrons and holes in terms of electron mass m
o
.

C) (2 marks) A uniformly doped n-type Si has dopant concentration of N
d
= 10
16
cm
-3
. The electron
diffusion constant in Si at 300 K
o
is D
n
= 36 cm
2
/s. Calculate the drift current density in the sample at
300 K
o
if it is subject to an electric field of 10
3
V/m.
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Q4 - (8 Marks)
A) (3 marks) There are 3 different particles whose rest mass energy and total energy are given by the two
first columns in the table below. Rank the particles from greatest to the least according to their mass,
kinetic energy, and speed.

Rest mass energy Total energy Mass Kinetic energy Speed
Particle A E 2E m
A
K
A
V
A

Particle B E 3E m
B
K
B
V
B

Particle C 2E 4E m
C
K
C
V
C


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B) (2 marks) In a compensated Si at T = 300 K
o
where the doping concentrations are N
d
= 10
11
cm
-3
,
N
a
= 10
12
cm
-3
, and the intrinsic carrier concentration for Si is n
i
= 1.510
10
cm
-3
:
(a) Does this sample behave like an n-type, or p-type, or intrinsic SC?
(b) Calculate the number of free electrons and holes.
C) (3 marks) Starting with the definition of the group velocity,
dk
d
v
g

= , show that, relativistically, the
group velocity of a particle always equals its linear velocity v.
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Q5 - (8 Marks)
A) Multiple Choice Questions (2 marks)
[You dont have to rewrite the sentence in the answer sheet, just write the item number]

1. The graph shows a carrier concentration varying with position x. If this
carrier concentration causes diffusion current in the right direction, so:
(a) The carriers are positively charged and the flux direction is to the right.
(b) The carriers are negatively charged and the flux is to the left.
(c) The carriers are positively charged and the flux direction is to the left.
(d) The carriers are negatively charged and the flux is to the right.

2. The energy gap is:
(a) The minimum energy required by an electron to be freed from the attraction force of a host atom in a SC
crystal and thus it can move freely inside the crystal.
(b) The maximum energy that can be gained by an electron without being freed from the attraction force of the
ions.
(c) The minimum energy required by an electron in a metal to be completely freed from the attraction force of
the metal ions and to get outside from the metal surface.
(d) The minimum energy required by an electron of a dopant atom to mover freely inside the crystal.

3. An electron and a proton both moving at nonrelativistic speeds have the same de Broglie wavelength.
Which of the following are also the same for the two particles?
(a) speed (b) kinetic energy (c) frequency (d) momentum

4. For non compensated a p-type material
(a)
d
N p
0
and
a
i
o
N
n
n
2
(b)
a
N p
0
and
d
i
o
N
n
n
2
(c)
a
N p
0
and
a
i
o
N
n
n
2

(d)
d
N n
0
and
d
i
o
N
n
p
2
(e)
i
n p
0
and
o
i
o
p
n
n
2
(f)
a
N p
0
and
i
o
o
n
p
n
2


B) (3 marks) Show that the ratio of the Compton wavelength
C
to the de Broglie wavelength = h/p for a
relativistic electron is
2 / 1
2
2
C
1

(
(

|
|

\
|
=
c m
E
e

where E is the total energy of the electron and m
e
is its mass.

C) (3 marks) In an experiment on the photoelectric effect, it is observed that for a light of wavelength 500
nm, a stopping potential of 0.25 V is required to cut off the current of photoelectrons, whereas at a
wavelength of 375 nm, a stopping potential of 1.0 V is required. Calculate from these data the ratio of
Plancks constant to the electronic charge (h/e).