MATH 223A HOMEWORK 1

Problem 1 (The p-adic exponential and logarithm). Let (K, | |) be a complete non-Archimedean valued eld. (1) For a0 , a1 , a2 , . . . , K dene r = (lim sup |an |1/n )1 [0, ]. Prove that an xn converges for x K if |x| < r and does not converge if |x| > r. (Recall that an innite sum in a non-Archimedean eld converges if and only if the summands tend to zero.) Prove that if the sum converges for one x0 with |x0 | = r then it converges for all x with |x| = r. Also prove that if r > 0 then an xn = 0 for all x near zero if and only if an = 0 for all n. (2) Assume from now on that K has characteristic zero and that its residue eld k has characteristic p. Replace | | with a suitable power to assume that |p| = p1 . Prove that the power series xn (1)n+1 logp (1 + x) = n n=1 converges if and only if |x| < 1, and that logp ((1 + x)(1 + y )) = logp (1 + x + y + xy ) is equal to logp (1 + x) + logp (1 + y ) whenever |x|, |y | < 1. Prove that | logp (1 + x)| = |x| if |x| < p1/(p1) . (3) For x K dene ordp (x) R by |x| = p ordp (x) . Still assuming that char(K ) = 0, prove that ordp (n!) = (n Sn )/(p 1) for a positive integer n, where Sn is the sum of the digits in the base-p decimal expansion of n. Conclude that the formal power series expp (x) = xn n n=0

converges if and only if |x| < p1/(p1) , and that | expp (x) 1| = |x| for such x. Prove that expp (x + y ) = expp (x) expp (y ) whenever |x|, |y | < p1/(p1) . (4) For r < 1 prove that the open disc {|x 1| < r} is a multiplicative subgroup of K . Show that x logp (x) and x expp (x) dene inverse isomorphisms between the multiplicative subgroup {|x 1| < p1/(p1) } K and the additive subgroup {|x| < p1/(p1) } K . Show that both maps are continuous with respect to the topologies induced by K . (5) Taking K = Qp , prove that logp maps the multiplicative group 1 + pZp homeomorphically onto additive group pZp if p > 2 and that it maps 1 + 4Z2 homeomorphically onto 4Z2 if p = 2. Conclude that all elements of 1 + 8Z2 have square roots in Q2 . (6) For any prime p, describe all quadratic extensions of Qp . Problem 2 (nth powers are open). (1) Let K be a non-Archimedean local eld with residue characteristic p. Use Hensels lemma to prove that if n is a nonzero integer then (K )n is open with nite index in K when p n. When char(K ) = 0 use the p-adic logarithm to prove that the same result is true for any nonzero integer n. Deduce that any subgroup of nite index in K is open when char(K ) = 0. (2) Let K be a local eld of positive characteristic p. Using an isomorphism K (t) ), show that = k( (K )p is closed but not open in K . Also prove that there is a nite-index subgroup of K that is not open. [Hint: prove that K /(K )p is an Fp -vector space of innite dimension.]