Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Negation
Every claim has a negation or contradictory claim. Ginger is a dog has as its negation statement, Ginger is not a dog. Ginger is a dog = P Ginger is not a dog = ~P
then ~P is true.
Conjunction Statement
A conjunction is a compound claim asserting both the simpler claims contained in it. Thus, a conjunction is true only if both of the claims are also true. A conjunction = P & Q
Truth Table-Conjunction
A conjunction has two claims; each have two possible truth values and thus the compound statement has four possible truth values. P Q P & Q Since a conjunction is T T T true only when both first T F F are true, the first case is F T F the key case. F F F
Disjunction
A disjunction is a compound claim asserting either or both claims contained in it. Thus, a disjunction is false only if both simpler claims are false. P Q PvQ T T T T F T F T T F F F This is the key case.
Conditional
A conditional asserts the second claim on the condition that the first is true. A conditional thus is false if and only if the first claim is true and the second is false. P Q P Q T T T T F F This is key case. F T T F F T
Validity of Arguments
The validity of an argument guarantees that if its premises are true, then its conclusion must be true. Thus, an argument is invalid if there is any case where its premises are true and its conclusion false.= Key case.
If there are two variables, S and P, then you need four lines; if three variables you need eight lines. You will need a column for each premise and the conclusion and for each variable, e.g. S and ~S.
Truth Table-Argument-2
If building this requires a small Philips screwdriver, then I will not be able to build it. It does require a small Philips screwdriver. Thus, I will not be able to build it. Symbolize: S ~B, S, Thus, ~B
There is no line where the premises are true and the conclusion is false and thus the argument is valid.
Truth Table-Argument-4
Martin is not buying a new car {since} he said he would buy a new car or take a Hawaiian vacation. He is now in Maui. Symbolize: CvH H ~C
Truth Table-Argument- 5
Build a truth C H CvH T T T T F T F T T F F F table as follows: H ~C T F Invalid F F T T F T