g

Transformer
Load Short Circuit Calculator

Simple Calculations

Detailed Calculations

Transformer Tables

Simple Calculations will furnish base

current and extend current capability for
identified transformers as well as maximum
short circuit current based on infinite MVA at
transformer pirmary.
Detailed
Calculations will provide base load current
and short circuit currents for identified
transformers considering primary MVA and
impedance details for transformer and Utility.
Transformer Tables will provide based and
extend rating currents for various sizes and
types of transformers.

4/13/2014, 4:57 AM, 222219595.xls.ms_office, Cover Sheet

Transformer Load And

Short Circuit Current Calculator

g
Source Data

Are you assuming Infinite Source?

Select worse case or known source Impedance
If KNOWN , enter Additional Source Data below . . . .
Additional Source Data:
Primary Short circuit Amps =
Reactance/Resistance Ratio (range 5-12):

X/R1 =

20000

Enter Data Here

10

Transformer Data
Capacity:

kVA=

Transformer Primary Voltage:

Volts (kV) line-line=

Transformer Secondary Voltage:

Volts (kV) line-line=

Transformer Impedance:

%Z=

Impedance Tolerance:

%=

Reactance/Resistance Ratio (range 5-12):

X/Rt=

Enter Data Here

5.75

Enter Data Here

12

Rated transformer secondary current (calculated):

I(xfrmr)=

3007 Amps

Calculated

Source Impedance Calculation (%Z1):

Primary Short Circuit kVA:
SCkVA1 = SCAmps1 x Primary Volts (kV) x 1.732 =
Source Impedance:

%Z1=

kVAt X 100%
SCkVA1

478046 kVA
0.52296 %Z

Vector Components of Source Impedance (%Z1):

%X1 =

%Z1 x sin[arctan(X/R1)] =

%R1 =

%X1
X/R1

0.52037

0.05204

Transformer Impedance Calculation (%Zt):

Vector Components of Transformer Impedance (%Zt):
%Xt =

5.675 %Z Including Tolerance

%Zt x sin[arctan(X/Rt)] =

%Rt =

%Xt
X/Rt

5.65540

0.47128

Total System Impedance Calculation(%Ztot):

Add vector components:

%Xtot = %X1 + %Xt =

6.17576

%Rtot = %R1 + %Rt =

0.52332

%Ztot =

6.19790

Short Circuit Availability at Transformer Secondary

SC Amps2=

100
%Ztot

x I(xfrmr) =

Resistance/Reactance Ratio:

48,517 Amps
X/R2 =

11.80

Calculated
Calculated

Motor Contribution Calculation

Motor Contribution: 2.0 x rated motor load current at 208Y/120 volts
4.0 x rated motor load current at 240, 480, and 600 volts
SCAmps(motor)=

1504

Amps =

6,014 Amps

Calculated

SC Amps2 + SCAmps(motor) =

54,531 Amps

Calculated

Total System Short Circuit Availability

Provided Courtesy of GE Industrial Systems
Contact marcelo.valdes@indsys.ge.com if you have any comments
4/13/2014, 4:57 AM, 222219595.xls.ms_office, With Utility and XR ratios

Transformer
Load Current and Short Circuit Calculator

Go To Detailed Calculations
Go to Main Sheet
Click above if you wish to include X/R ratios and better Utility information.
Choose from the drop down menue or fill in the blnk were required.
Red triangles indicate additional comments.
Transformer Type
Transformer KVA

kVA

Secondary Voltage

Volts

Nominal Impedance 5.75

Impedance Tolerance

Motor load

% of xfmr kVA

Nominal Secondary Amperes

3,007 Amps

Calculated

Maximum SC Current

56,218 Amps

Calculated

Max SCA with Motor Contribution

68,247 Amps

Calculated

133 %

Calculated

3,999 Amps

Calculated

Extended current rating

Extended Rating Amperes

Provided Courtesy of GE Industrial Systems

Contact marcelo.valdes@indsys.ge.com if you have any comments

4/13/2014, 4:57 AM, 222219595.xls.ms_office, Simple Xfmr Calcs

Revision 2
July 2 ,1996

Transformer cheat sheet

data\xfmr_01.xls

GE Transformer Currents for Substation & Pad Mount Transformers

kVA
40000
25000
20000
15000
10000
7500
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300
Amps = kVA X

Nominal amperes at nameplate kVA, all transformer types

13,800
12,470
12,000
4,160
480
380
208
Volts
1,675
1,854
1,927
1,047
1,159
1,204
3,474
838
927
963
2,779
628
695
723
2,084
419
464
482
1,390
314
348
361
1,042
209
232
241
695
6,021
7,606
168
185
193
556
4,817
6,085
157
174
181
521
4,516
5,704
126
139
145
417
3,613
4,563
105
116
120
347
3,011
3,803
84
93
96
278
2,408
3,042
5,558
63
70
72
208
1,806
2,282
4,169
42
46
48
139
1,204
1,521
2,779
31
35
36
104
903
1,141
2,084
21
23
24
69
602
761
1,390
13
14
14
42
361
456
834
0.042
0.046
0.048
0.139
1.204
1.521
2.779
Maximum amps for Oil/Silicon filled 65 deg, fan rating
Nominal X 1.25 (or 1.15)
579
602
1,737
435
452
1,303
290
301
868
232
241
695
217
226
651
5,645
174
181
521
4,516
5,704
145
151
434
3,763
4,754
107
111
320
2,770
3,499
80
83
240
2,077
2,624
53
55
160
1,385
1,749
40
42
120
1,039
1,312

kVA
10000
7500
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750

524
393
262
209
196
157
131
96
72
48
36

kVA
10000
7500
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750

Maximum amps for Oil/Silicon filled 65/55deg rise,

Nominal X 1.12 X 1.25 (or 1.15)
586
649
674
1,945
440
487
506
1,459
293
324
337
973
235
260
270
778
220
243
253
729
176
195
202
584
5,058
147
162
169
486
4,215
108
119
124
358
3,102
81
90
93
268
2,327
54
60
62
179
1,551
40
45
47
134
1,163

GE Industrial Systems

Page 4

1.25 X FA
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
6,392
1.15
4,794
1.15
3,196
1.15
2,397
1.15

fan rating

5,324
3,918
2,939
1,959
1,469

1.25 X FA
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.15
5,369
1.15
3,579
1.15
2,685
1.15

By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.

Revision 2
July 2 ,1996

g
kVA
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300

Maximum amps for Dry type, 150 deg rise, FA rating

Nominal X 1.33
13,800 V 12,470 V 12,000 V
4,160 V
480 V
279
308
320
924
223
247
256
739
209
231
240
693
6,006
167
185
192
554
4,805
139
154
160
462
4,004
111
123
128
370
3,203
84
92
96
277
2,402
56
62
64
185
1,602
42
46
48
139
1,201
28
31
32
92
801
17
18
19
55
480

kVA
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300

kVA
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300

Transformer cheat sheet

data\xfmr_01.xls

380 V

208 V

6,069
5,058
4,046
3,035
2,023
1,517
1,012
607

5,544
3,696
2,772
1,848
1,109

Maximum amps for Dry type, 115 deg rise, FA rating

Nominal X 1.15 X 1.33
320
354
368
1,063
256
284
295
850
240
266
276
797
192
213
221
638
5,526
160
177
184
531
4,605
128
142
147
425
3,684
96
106
111
319
2,763
64
71
74
213
1,842
48
53
55
159
1,381
32
35
37
106
921
19
21
22
64
553

5,816
4,653
3,490
2,327
1,745
1,163
698

6,376
4,251
3,188
2,125
1,275

Maximum amps for Dry type, 80 deg rise, FA rating

Nominal X 1.30 X 1.33
362
401
416
1,201
290
321
333
961
272
301
312
901
217
240
250
721
181
200
208
601
5,205
145
160
167
480
4,164
109
120
125
360
3,123
72
80
83
240
2,082
54
60
62
180
1,562
36
40
42
120
1,041
22
24
25
72
625

5,260
3,945
2,630
1,973
1,315
789

7,207
4,805
3,604
2,402
1,441

Maximum amps Oil filled Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

Nominal X 1.12

GE Industrial Systems

Page 5

By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.

Revision 2
July 2 ,1996

g
kVA
5000
4000
3750
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
750
500
300

13,800 V
235
188
176
141
117
94
70
47
35
23
14

12,470 V
260
208
195
156
130
104
78
52
39
26
16

12,000 V
270
216
202
162
135
108
81
54
40
27
16

4,160 V
778
622
584
467
389
311
233
156
117
78
47

Transformer cheat sheet

data\xfmr_01.xls

480 V

380 V

208 V

5,395
5,058
4,046
3,372
2,697
2,023
1,349
1,012
674
405

5,111
4,259
3,407
2,556
1,704
1,278
852
511

6,225
4,669
3,112
2,334
1,556
934

Extended ratings formulas

Liquid filled, 2500-10,000kVA
Fans = 125%
55/65deg rise = 112%

Liquid filled, 750-2000kVA

Fans = 115%
55/65deg rise = 112%

Dry type

Padmount, 55/65 deg rise

At 65 deg rise = 112%

Fans = 133%
115deg rise = 115%
80deg rise = 130%
Cast coil

Fans = 140%
For some manufacturers can vary from 133% to 150%.
Liquid fill primary substation 12MVA and larger
Two levels of fans are available each 33% of base kVA., 166% max.
55/65 deg rise rating provides an additional 12% for a maximum of 186%.
Notes:
*Padmount transformers larger than 2500 kVA are not specifically described in the ANSI standards
neither are fan cooled ratings. Installation of fans would specifically contravene the tamper resistant requirements of the ANSI standards. Fans are not recommended for Padmounted transformers.
*Padmount transfomers loadbreak separable connectors are limited to 200 amperes maximum.
*Padmount transfomers dead front primary bushings are limited to 600 amperes maximum.
*Padmount primary under oil switches are limited to 400 amperes maximum.
*Padmount transformer's internal fuses are very limited above 1500kVA, separate protection is often
required.
All transformer secondaries are, generally, limited to 5000 amperes maximum.
For all 480V transformers 3000 kVA & larger take consideration of secondary short circuit current
as it could exceed 65,000 amperes and hence require special secondary distribution equipment.
Motor contribution not included !

Impedances and short circuit currents

Maximum AIC at the secondary terminals of a transformer can be derived as follows:

GE Industrial Systems

Page 6

By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.

Revision 2
July 2 ,1996

Transformer cheat sheet

data\xfmr_01.xls

(Transformer nominal full load current/%Z) X 100 X 1.075 = Short circuit current.
with infinite short circuit kVA available on primary.
Example:
1
nominal current 2500kVA at 480V is 3,011 amps, nominal Z% is 5.75
SCA = (3,011/5.75) X 100 X 1.075 = 56,293 amps symmetrical RMS
2

nominal current 3000kVA at 480V is 3,613 amps, nominal Z% is 5.75

SCA = (3,613/5.75) X 100 X 1.075 = 67,547 amps symmetrical RMS

If primary short circuit current is limited it can be incorporated into the calculations
as follows:
SSCA = TFLC/((TkVA/PSCkVA)+(Z% X 0.925/100))
SSCA = Secondary short circuit amps.
TFLC = Transformer full load current, secondary.
TkVA = Transformer kVA.
PSCkVA = Primary short circuit kVA. (In medium and high voltage parlance
short circuit currents are expressed in MVA or kVA)
Example:
1
Above 2500kVA with 400MVA available at medium voltage primary.
SSCA = 3,011/((2500/400,000) +(5.75 X 0.925/100)
SSCA = 3,011/((25/4,000) + (0.0532))
SSCA = 3,011/0.05945
SSCA = 50,650 A RMS symetrical
2

Above 2500kVA with 200MVA available at medium voltage primary.

SSCA = 3,011/((25/2,000) + (0.0532))
SSCA = 3,011/0.0657
SSCA = 45,830 A RMS symetrical

An additional consideration are motor loads connected on the low voltage side of the transformer.
The conservative way to take motor contribution into consideration is to use the full load current of
all the motors connected, multiply by 4 and add to the transformer supplied short circuit current.

Note that above 2500 kVA you can easily have more than 65 kAIC!

GE Industrial Systems

Page 7

By Marcelo E. Valdes, PE.