Coupling Dynamic Meshing with 6-DOF Rigid Body Motion for Store Separation Modeling

Deryl Snyder, Ph.D. Sverdrup Technology, Inc. Evangelos Koutsavdis, Ph.D. Fluent, Inc. Maj. John Anttonen, Ph.D. U.S. Air Force May 7, 2003

Background
Store separation
Important for safety, accuracy Early days flight tests only 1960s wind tunnel tests Recent years modeling and simulation
CFD
Steady state Combined with semi-empirical approaches Chimera overset
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Introduction
Structured overset mesh Dynamic unstructured mesh
Flexibility for complex geometry Reduced generation time Solution-adaptive refinement Fewer cells (no overlapping regions)
Structured overset mesh

Unstructured dynamic mesh

Dynamic Mesh
Spring-based smoothing
Cell edges modeled as interconnected springs
Iterative method to find nodal equilibrium positions after boundary movement

Connectivity remains unchanged

Local remeshing
Not performed every time step Only cells selected based on volume and/or skewness criteria
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6-DOF UDF
User-defined function
DEFINE_CG_MOTION(six_dof, dt, cg_vel, cg_omega, time, dtime) cg_vel
Old velocity passed to UDF New velocity passed back to Fluent

cg_omega
Old angular rates passed to UDF New angular rates passed back to Fluent

dtime
Time step passed to UDF

6DOF UDF Continued

Numerically integrate the Newton-Euler equations of motion
r r 1 & vG = f G m

r & = L1 B

r r r M L B B B

Aerodynamic forces computed by integrating pressure (and viscous forces) over the store
Compute_Force_And_Moment(domain, tf1, x_cg, f_glob, m_glob, TRUE);
f_glob: integrated aerodynamic forces (in global csys) m_glob: integrated aerodynamic moments (in global csys)

6DOF UDF Continued

Get previous position/orientation/rate information
DEFINE_CG_MOTION()

Get aerodynamic forces and moment (global c. sys.)

Compute_Force_And_Moment()

Compute additional forces and moments (global c. sys.)

Integrate eq. of motion to get new Vg

Transform angular rates to body c. sys.

Transform total applied moment to body c. sys.

Return Vg and g to solver

DEFINE_CG_MOTION()

Transform b to wg

Integrate eq. of motion to get new b

Wing/Pylon/Store Case

Geometry
Clipped delta wing with pylon Standard 4-fin store Sting attached to aft end of missile body

Benchmark experimental data available

Trajectory information Surface pressure Mach 0.9 and 1.2

Computational Mesh
Tetrahedral Euler mesh Gambit used to generate the surface mesh
Starting from imported IGES CAD files

TGrid used to generate the volume mesh Three levels of refinement

35,000/200,000/900,000 cells

Lateral extents located at approximately 100 diameters

Results: Qualitative
Overall results very satisfactory
Center of gravity trajectory predicted well Orientation less accurate, but still good Results for 200,000 cell grid similar to Air Force Beggar code with 1.5 million cells
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Results: Location
-5 0
30

40

Experiment CFD Coarse CFD Nominal CFD Fine

Distance (ft)

5 10 15 20 0 0.1 z

Velocity (ft/sec)

20 10 0 -10 vx 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 Time (sec) 0.6

vz

Experiment CFD Coarse CFD Nominal CFD Fine

vy

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 Time (sec)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.8

Results: Orientation
Experiment CFD Coarse CFD Nominal CFD Fine

60 Angular Rate (deg/sec) 40 20 0 p -20

20

Experiment CFD Coarse CFD Nominal CFD Fine

Euler Angle (deg)

10

q -40 -60

-10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 Time (sec)

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 Time (sec)

0.6

0.7

0.8

Results: Surface Pressure

-0.5

(view from upstream)

0.0 Cp

0.5

1.0 0 0.2 0.4 x/L

Experiment (t = 0.00) Experiment (t = 0.16) Experiment (t = 0.37) CFD (t = 0.00) CFD (t = 0.16) CFD (t = 0.37) Cp Sonic

0.6

0.8

Results: Time Step Refinement

Negligible effect on CG location For orientation
No clear trend indicating finer time step producing better results
Likely due to quasisteady nature of experiment Also lack of viscous effects
Euler Angle (deg) 20
Experiment t = 0.01 sec t = 0.002 sec t = 0.0004 sec

10

-10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 Time (sec)

0.6

0.7

0.8

Results: Integration Scheme

First-Order Euler Integration Fourth-Order AdamsMoulton Integration
Multi-point Negligible cost Little effect on CG location Marked improvement to orientation
Dt = 0.002 sec
Experiment 1st Order 4th Order

20

Euler Angle (deg)

10

-10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4 0.5 Time (sec)

0.6

0.7

0.8

Conclusions
Dynamic mesh approach effective and successful for transonic store separation
Trajectories captured well Surface pressures in agreement Quick turn-around time
Meshing: 2 hours Solution: overnight on 2-processor desktop workstation

Future Work
Viscous solution Improved 6DOF
Quaternions instead of Euler angles Multiple bodies Moving control surfaces