2.5 Growth and repair Questions and answers Q1.

Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q1

Outline the significance of cell division in multicellular organisms.

A1.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A1

Cell division in multicellular organisms is important because it allo s organisms to gro ! repair damaged tissue! and maintain and reproduce themselves.

Q2.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q2

a b c

"efine #mitosis$. %se diagrams to illustrate the activities of chromosomes during the different phases of mitosis. &hat is c'tokinesis(

A2.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A2

a b

)itosis is a particular kind of nuclear division resulting in the production of ne cells that are identical to the original cell. *+ample diagram,

C'tokinesis is the division of the c'toplasm. -t occurs after mitosis is complete and results in the formation of t o separate cells.

Q3.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q.

"escribe hat happens during the four phases of the cell c'cle. %se diagrams to illustrate 'our ans er.

A3.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A.

/he 01 stage occurs bet een the end of mitosis and the beginning of chromosome duplication. Cell gro th occurs during this time. "uring the S stage "1A s'nthesis occurs. /his is the period during hich chromosomes are duplicated. /he ne+t stage is 02 and it occurs bet een the end of "1A 2.5 0ro th and repair page 1 of . Cop'right 2 3earson Australia 4a division of 3earson Australia 0roup 3t' 5td6

s'nthesis and the beginning of the mitotic process. /his is another period of gro th for the cell. 7inall'! the ) stage is characterised b' the process of mitosis, duplicated chromosomes separate to form t o daughter nuclei. /he follo ing diagram is one a' of illustrating the cell c'cle.

Q4.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q8

-nterphase is often referred to as a resting phase for the cell nucleus because the chromosomes are not visible and seem to be inactive. -s this a correct description of the interphase nucleus( *+plain 'our ans er.

A4.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A8

1o. "uring interphase cells are ver' active. As ell as continuing all other normal cell functions! cells gro and s'nthesise ne "1A during this period.

Q5.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q5

a b

"efine #cell differentiation$. Outline the importance of cell differentiation in multicellular organisms.

A5.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A5

a b

Cell differentiation is the process through hich cells become different from one another! ac9uiring features that allo them to take on specialised functions. Cell differentiation is important in multicellular organisms because it ensures that ever' function re9uired b' the bod' is able to occur. 7or e+ample! nerve cells are specialised to transmit information! red blood cells are specialised to carr' o+'gen. 4-f no cell differentiation occurred in multicellular organisms all cells ould be the same and no specialised functions could occur.6

Q6.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q:

"iscuss some of the outcomes of uncontrolled cell gro th in multicellular organisms.

A6.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A:

%ncontrolled cell gro th results in a mass of abnormal cells called a tumour. /umour cells can be cancerous hen the' gro in a disorderl' a' and bind to other cells and spread to other tissue throughout the bod'.

Q7.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q;

2.5 0ro th and repair Cop'right 2 3earson Australia 4a division of 3earson Australia 0roup 3t' 5td6

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-dentif' the stages of mitosis illustrated in the follo ing photographs.

A7.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A;

a b

-nterphase )etaphase

Q8.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 Q<

a b

&hat is the role of the nucleus in cells( &hat is "1A( =o is it important in the functioning of cells(

A8.
Bk Ch2 S2.5 A<

a b

/he nucleus is the control centre of the cell> it is responsible for directing all of the activities of the cell. "1A is a particular kind of nucleic acid found in the nucleus of cells. /he chromosomes present in the nucleus are composed of this chemical. "1A contains the coded information that makes up our genes and directs all of the cell$s activities including gro th and differentiation.

2.5 0ro th and repair Cop'right 2 3earson Australia 4a division of 3earson Australia 0roup 3t' 5td6

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