Treatment of Abnormal Behavior

Name_______________________________________________ Date_________ Pd____ DIRECTIONS: After you read about each form of treatment for Abnormal Behavior write a brief de cri!tive e"am!le for it#
There are numerous types of psychotherapy used to treat psychological disorders. Prominent methods include insight therapy, the attempt to create awareness and understanding, and behavior therapy, a more aggressive approach that focuses on changing an individual's external actions. Psychotherapists also use biological treatments in an attempt to improve processes of thought and behavior.

Insight Therapies
Psychoanalysis - Psychoanalysis has its origin in the work of Sigmund reud who believed that unconscious conflicts were the source of mental disorders. reud supported the idea that repressed thoughts and feelings could be successfully resolved if they were brought into one!s conscious awareness. This type of therapy uses the techni"ue of free association, in which a client speaks without inhibition about whatever comes to mind. # client who remembers a troubling or traumatic event from the past may experience a catharsis in which emotion and tension are released. Resistance was the term reud used to describe how clients often block conscious memories. Transference takes place when the client opens up and trusts the therapist as an authority figure. Dream analysis is a techni"ue of psychoanalysis that attempts to bring the unconscious and conscious into balance. $oth Sigmund reud and %arl &ung utili'ed the techni"ue, although &ungian therapy is especially known for the use of dreams and dream (ournals for therapeutic purposes. #ccording to the theory, dreams contain disguised and symbolic thoughts that can be unlocked with the help of a therapist.

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Humanistic - #long with #braham )aslow, %arl *ogers is remembered as one of the innovators in the field of humanistic therapy. *ogers called his approach the +person-centered approach,+ and it is often referred to now as +*ogerian psychotherapy.+ *ogers believed that clients hold the answers to their own problems and that it is the role of the therapist to help lead clients to those answers. Gestalt therapy also emphasi'es the importance of the client. The experience of the present moment is what the ,estalt therapist wants the client to acknowledge. Such therapy is an attempt to force the client to take control of his or her feelings and overall situation.

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Behavior Therapies
Systematic desensitization - The counter conditioning techni ue of systematic desensiti'ation attempts to reduce a client!s fears through a gradual exposure to an adverse stimulus. %lients create an an!iety hierarchy, a list of fears from least to most distressing, and are taught relaxation techni"ues that help the client confront the fear. %ounter conditioning involves a weakening between the stimulus and response, which is replaced with a new conditioned response. "versive conditioning - The techni"ue of aversive conditioning is based on classical conditioning. %lients are trained to associate unwanted behavior with mental or physical discomfort, a techni"ue that has been used with types of physical addictions. #n example is to pair an unpleasant sensation, such as nausea or illness, with an undesirable behavior, such as drinking alcohol. The client is taught to associate the unwanted behavior with the unpleasant sensation. #looding - This techni"ue uses exposure to a stimulus that causes fear with the understanding that the body cannot maintain a heightened level of fear and anxiety. %lients are exposed to the ob(ects of their

irrational fears and allowed to experience an extended period of fear until the fear subsides, thereby becoming extinct. Biofeedbac$ - $iofeedback involves the use of instruments that clients use to monitor their own bodily reactions to stressful situations. %lients first monitor things like heart rate and breathing, in addition to how those factors change under stress. inally, with the help of a therapist, clients can be taught to control their reactions to stress.

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%ognitive&Behavioral Therapies
Rational emotive therapy%ognitive-behavioral approaches use cognitive - restructuring, the process of converting disturbing thoughts into more constructive and realistic thoughts. *ational -motive $ehavioral Therapy .*-$T/, also known as rational emotive therapy .*-T/, teaches clients to cope with feelings of guilt, disappointment, and inade"uacy that result when events result in outcomes that are contrary to an individual!s belief. The therapy forces the client to confront their irrational beliefs so that they are able to reinterpret them more positively. )artin Seligman conducted experiments revealing that dogs exposed to random, painful stimuli "uickly gave up resisting the stimuli and began to exhibit symptoms of depression. Seligman used the term learned helplessness to describe the resignation the dogs learned in reaction to their hopeless situation. Seligman theori'ed that people experiencing similar helplessness could undergo therapy where they could learn new ways of thinking about their lives in order to reconsider their situation as more hopeful.

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'odes of Therapy
Group therapy - ,roup therapy involves placing clients within a group setting. This approach differs from the one-on-one approach between client and therapist. 0bserving the client's interaction with others is one ob(ective of this therapy, which can help a client develop social and coping skills. #nother advantage is the emotional support that clients receive from others who share similar problems. #amily and %ouple therapy - These are types of group therapy for families or couples. # therapist helps the group discuss troubling issues in which the members are encouraged to understand the different perspectives. The ob(ective is to strengthen relationships and improve communication. Self&help groups - These groups typically consist of small groups of people who share a common problem. The group monitors itself without the assistance of trained psychotherapists. The advantage is in the support individuals receive from others who share similar life experiences.

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Biological Treatments
Drug therapies - )edication is often used in the treatment of psychological disorders. or example, depression is often treated with fluoxetine, a common antidepressant known more popularly by the brandname Pro'ac. 1t is one of a class of drugs known as SS*1s .serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors/. 0ther types of medication include tran"uili'ers, stimulants, and antipsychotics. Psychosurgery - Psychosurgery is brain surgery that is performed to

alter a person!s behavior. Prior to the development of chlorproma'ine in the 2345s, schi'ophrenia was often treated with a prefrontal lobotomy. This procedure involves severing the frontal lobes of the brain from the other brain levels. (lectroconvulsive therapy - -lectroconvulsive therapy .-%T/ is still used for the treatment of ma(or depression that does not respond to medication. The small sei'ures in the brain created by -%T are believed to have a beneficial effect, although it is not known exactly how these sei'ures work in the treatment of depression.

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