Fe2o3 Nanowires On Diatomite

View Article Online
View Journal
Journal of
Materials Chemistry A
Accepted Manuscript
Materials Chemistry A
Materials for energy and sustainability
www.rsc.org/MaterialsA Volume 1 | Number 1 | January 2013 | Pages 00000000
Journal of
This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the RSC Publishing peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, which is prior to technical editing, formatting and proof reading. This free service from RSC Publishing allows authors to make their results available to the community, in citable form, before publication of the edited article. This Accepted Manuscript will be replaced by the edited and formatted Advance Article as soon as this is available. To cite this manuscript please use its permanent Digital Object Identifier (DOI), which is identical for all formats of publication. More information about Accepted Manuscripts can be found in the Information for Authors.
ISSN 2050-7488
0959-9428(2010)20:1;1-A
Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics contained in the manuscript submitted by the author(s) which may alter content, and that the standard Terms & Conditions and the ethical guidelines that apply to the journal are still applicable. In no event shall the RSC be held responsible for any errors or omissions in these Accepted Manuscript manuscripts or any consequences arising from the use of any information contained in them.
www.rsc.org/materialsA
Registered Charity Number 207890
Page 1 of 34
Journal of Materials Chemistry A

View Article Online
Graphical abstract
102 100
-Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite
98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 0 2 4 6 8 10
As(III)
2 m
200 nm
pH value
The -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample shows the maximal As(III) and As(V) adsorption capacities of 60.6 and 81.2 mg/g, and maximal As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of 99.98 and 100 %, respectively.
Fe2O3/diatomite
Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript
As(V)
Downloaded by University of Queensland on 29/04/2013 01:50:14. Published on 22 April 2013 on http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/C3TA11124E
Removal efficiency (%)
Page 2 of 34
View Article Online
-Fe2O3 nanowires deposited diatomite: highly efficient absorbents for the removal of arsenic
Yucheng Du a,*, Haiguang Fan a, Liping Wang a, Jinshu Wang a,**, Junshu Wu a, Hongxing Dai
b,
***
Key Lab of Advanced Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Laboratory of Catalysis Chemistry and Nanoscience, Department of Chemistry and
Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China

b
Chemical Engineering, College of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
* Corresponding author: Dr. Yucheng Du (Y.C. Du) Tel. No.: +8610-6739-6129; Fax: +8610-6739-6129 E-mail address: ychengdu@bjut.edu.cn ** Co-corresponding author: Prof. Jinshu Wang (J.S. Wang) Tel. No.: +8610-6739-1101; Fax: +8610-6739-1101 E-mail address: wangjs@bjut.edu.cn *** Co-corresponding author: Prof. Hongxing Dai (H. X. Dai) Tel. No.: +8610-6739-6118; Fax: +8610-6739-1983 E-mail address: hxdai@bjut.edu.cn
Page 3 of 34

View Article Online
Abstract
The -Fe2O3 nanowires deposited diatomite was prepared using the precipitation-deposition
Physicochemical properties of the samples were characterized by means of numerous techniques, and their efficiency for the removal of As(III) and As(V) was determined. It is
found that the solution pH value, reaction temperature, reaction time, and FeCl3 concentration had effects on the -Fe2O3 amount loaded on the diatomite. The parameters, such as adsorbent amount, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, pH value, and initial As(III) or As(V) concentration, could influence the As(III) or As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample (prepared with a 8 wt% FeCl3 aqueous solution at pH = 4.5 and 50 oC for 35 h) for the removal of As(III) and As(V). Over the -Fe2O3/diatomite sample at pH = 3.5, the maximal As(III) and As(V) adsorption capacities were 60.6 and 81.2 mg/g, and the maximal As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency was 99.98 and 100 %, respectively. The Langmuir model was more suitable for the adsorption of As(V), whereas the Freundlich model was more suitable for the adsorption of As(III). The adsorption mechanism of the sample was also discussed.
Key wordsIron oxide-modified diatomite; As(III) removal; As(V) removal; adsorption

efficiency
method with FeCl3 as metal source and (NH2)2CO aqueous solution as precipitating agent.
Page 4 of 34
View Article Online
Introduction
Discharge of wastewater containing heavy metal ions and their compounds causes serious
because heavy metal elements may enter human body through the food chain of aquatic organisms or plants and harm human health.1 Arsenic, one of the most toxic heavy metal
pollutants may lead to chromosomal aberrations and tumorigenesis due to their long-time retaining in human body (e.g., skin, lung, kidney, and liver).24 The World Health Organization has set the security threshold of arsenic in drinking water from 0.05 to 0.01 mg/g.5 Polluted water usually contains inorganic arsenic in two valence states (As(III) and As(V)).68 Compared to As(V), As(III) is more toxic and more difficult to be removed.9 Arsenic in wastewater is in the form of arsenate ions and its ion valence is much influenced by the pH of wastewater.10 In the pH range of 014, As(III) can exist as H3AsO3, H2AsO3, HAsO32, and AsO33, and As(V) can be present in the form of H3AsO4, H2AsO4, HAsO42, and AsO43.5,11 Due to the low security threshold of As and its existence as anion in wastewater, it is difficult to meet the standard of arsenic emissions after treatment of industrial wastewater. Up to now, many methods, including oxidation, flocculation and sedimentation, membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, biological treatment and removal systems, and chemisorption filtration, have been utilized for the processing of arsenic, among which adsorption (especially chemisorption) is suitable for in-depth treatment of sewage with low concentrations of arsenic. Chemisorption is also applied industrially and is recognized as one of the most effective pathways to treat arsenic- and other heavy-metal-ion-containing
3
pollution to the watershed environment. It is of a great concern to treat heavy metal pollutants
Page 5 of 34

View Article Online
sewage.11 However, the adsorption efficiency of such a strategy is mainly determined by the property of the adsorbent. Therefore, it is critical to improve the adsorption performance of
with large specific surface areas and rich surface functional groups are excellent in in-depth purification of arsenic- and heavy-metal-containing wastewater.1217 For example,
Lakshmipathiraj et al. synthesized a Mn-substituted iron oxyhydroxide that could effectively remove arsenite and arsenate from aqueous solutions.18 After systematically comparing the adsorbents for treatment of arsenic-containing wastewater, Mohan and Pittman concluded that the adsorbent suitable for the large-scale industrial applications is only activated carbon.11 But the relatively high cost of the activated carbon limits its wide applications in industry. Therefore, a great attention has been paid on preparation of the materials that meet the requirements of cheapness, high adsorption performance, and easy large-scale production. Such materials include zeolites,1924 bentonites,25,26 kaolins,2731 diatomites,3235 phosphates,36 shales,37 and talcs.3840 Due to the natural ordered micro-/macroporous structures and good adsorption ability, diatomites have been thought to be one of the most promising adsorption materials in processing arsenic- and other heavy metal-containing wastewater.4145 However, the surface of a diatomite contains silanols after hydrolysis of the diatomite and it is often negatively charged in water, hence inhibiting the electrostatic adsorption and chemisorption of arsenate ions. Therefore, it is desirable to modify the charged surface of diatomite so that the heavy-metal-ion adsorption capacity can be improved greatly.41,4648 In the past years, several researchers reported that nanostructured Fe2O3 derived from
-FeOOH was used for arsenic-containing wastewater treatment.4951 However, most of the
4
the adsorbent materials. A large number of studies have demonstrated that porous adsorbents
Page 6 of 34
View Article Online
previous syntheses involve tedious procedures and the arsenic removal efficiency was not satisfactory. Therefore, it is highly desired to develop effective absorbents (e.g,
applications. In this paper, we report the adsorption behaviors of porous diatomite that was modified
with iron oxide in treating As(III) and As(V)-containing sewage. It was found that the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency was 99.98 and 100 %, respectively. This iron oxide-modified diatomite performed excellently in the removal of arsenic.
Experimental section
Raw materials and equipments Industrial-grade diatomite (Jilin Changbai) was used in the study. FeCl33H2O (C.P.), HCl (A.R.), and (NH2)2CO (A.R.) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Reagents Company. As(III)- and As(V)-containing solutions were obtained from the National Research Center for Certified Reference Materials. Equipments used in this study include PHS-25 pH meter, HL-2B digital constant flow pump, electric blast oven model 101-1A, muffle furnace, DF-101S constant-heating magnetic stirrer, electronic analytical balance model ER-182, and 721 spectrophotometer from Shanghai Third Analytical Instrument Factory. Sample preparation The iron oxide-modified diatomite was prepared using the precipitation-deposition method. In a typical preparation, 20 g of the diatomite was placed in 50 mL of deionized water in a 250-mL three-necked flask with a water-cooled condenser and a certain amount of
5
nanostructured -Fe2O3-based materials) for the treatment of arsenic pollutants in large-scale
Page 7 of 34

View Article Online
hydrochloric acid was added to adjust the pH value of the solution to 3.05.0 under stirring. Then, the three-necked flask was put in waterbath at a temperature of 4060 oC. The
solution (10 wt%) were simultaneously added dropwise to the suspension of the diatomite, during which the addition rate of (NH2)2CO was adjusted so that the pH value of the mixed
solution remained unchanged. The mixed solution was thermostatically stirred for 30 h. After being aged, filtered, washed, and dried at 80 oC, the obtained precursor was finally placed in a muffle furnace for thermal treatment at a heating rate of 5 oC/min from room temperature to 500 oC and maintained at this temperature for 1 h. The iron oxide (Fe2O3) contents of the obtained iron oxide-modified diatomites were 12, 16, and 20 wt%, respectively. The typical sample is designated as -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite, which was obtained under the conditions of pH = 4.5, FeCl3 concentration = 8 wt%, reaction temperature = 50 oC, and reaction time = 35 h. Adsorption capacity measurement 100 mL of As(III) and As(V) solutions of known aqueous concentrations were added to a 250-mL conical flask. The pH values were adjusted with diluted HCl and NaOH aqueous solutions. 0.04 g of iron oxide-modified diatomite was added to the above mixed solution in a waterbath under stirring for 1030 min. The solutions were filtered with a syringe filter (diameter = 0.22 m) to obtain the filtrate solutions. The As(III) and As(V) concentrations in the filtrate solutions were determined by the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (Shimazu ICPE-9000). The removal efficiency and equilibrium adsorption capacity were calculated according to
6
Fe-containing aqueous solution with a desired amount of FeCl33H2O and (NH2)2CO aqueous
Page 8 of 34
View Article Online
formulas (1) and (2): E (%) =

Qe = C0 Ce 100 % C0
(1) (2)
where E, Qe, C0, Ce, V, and m are the removal efficiency, equilibrium adsorption capacity
(mg/g), initial concentration (mg/L), equilibrium concentration (mg/L), solution volume (L), and adsorbent mass (g), respectively. Sample characterization The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images and energy-dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) patterns of the samples were recorded on a Hitachi 570 equipment. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and high-resolution (HRTEM) images of the samples were obtained on a Hitachi H-9000 NAR apparatus (operating voltage = 250 kV). The specific surface areas and pore-size distributions of the samples were measured on an ASAP 2020 apparatus. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns in the 2 range of 1080o of the samples were determined on a D/MAX-II X-ray diffractometer with Cu K as radiation source and curved graphite crystal monochromator filter. The instrument was operated at 35 mA and 35 kV with a scanning speed of 4o/min and a step of 0.02o. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) was performed in an air flow (100 mL/min) at a ramp of 10 oC/min from room temperature to 800 oC on a SDT Q600 apparatus. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra of the samples were obtained on a Petkin-Elmer1730 infrared spectrometer in the range of 4004000 cm1. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (Ulvac-PHI, PHI Quantera) was employed to determine the O 1s and C 1s binding energies of the samples using Al K (hv = 1486.7 eV) as excitation source, and the C 1s signal at 284.6 eV was used
7
(C 0 C e ) V m
Page 9 of 34

View Article Online
to calibrate the binding energies.
Results and discussion
Factors influencing the iron oxide-modified diatomite are mainly the pH value of the solution, reaction temperature, reaction time, and FeCl3 concentration. Fig. 1A shows the
effect of pH value of the FeCl3 solution on the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite after reaction of diatomite at 40 oC for 35 h with FeCl3 at a concentration of 6, 8, and 10 wt%, respectively. It is observed that the concentration of FeCl3 significantly influenced the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite in the pH range of 35. At the same pH value, the amount of iron oxide loaded followed the FeCl3 concentration order of 6 wt% < 8 wt% < 10 wt%; at the same FeCl3 concentration, the amount of iron oxide loaded increased with the rise in pH value. There was a maximal amount (12.1, 17.2, and 19.4 wt% at FeCl3 concentration = 6, 8, and 10 wt%, respectively) of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite. In order to obtain the optimal FeCl3 concentration, we measured the efficiency for the removal of arsenic ions over the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample. At the initial arsenic ion concentration = 10 mg/L, the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample prepared at pH = 4.5 and 40 oC for 35 h but with different FeCl3 concentrations (0, 6, 8, and 10 wt%) is shown in Table S1 of the supplementary material. Although the raw diatomite itself exhibited a certain arsenic adsorption capacity, the removal efficiency was relatively low. After modification with -Fe2O3 nanowires, the arsenic adsorption capacity and removal efficiency of the sample enhanced obviously. With the rise in FeCl3 concentration, the maximal As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency was up to 99.98 and
8
Effects of synthesis parameters on the -Fe2O3 amount loaded on the diatomite
Page 10 of 34
View Article Online
100 % at a FeCl3 concentration of 8 wt%, respectively. Fig. 1B shows the effect of reaction temperature or time on the amount of iron oxide loaded
60 oC and pH = 4.5. It is found that reaction temperature or time remarkably influenced the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite. With the increase in reaction temperature or
time, the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite increased. There were saturated amounts (17.7, 18.0, and 18.2 wt% at 40, 50, and 60 oC, respectively) of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite. Crystal phase, morphology, and textural property Fig. 2 shows the XRD patterns of the diatomite, -FeOOH/diatomite, and -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples. It is observed that the diatomite was amorphous, and the sharp peaks were attributed to the (100) and (101) crystal planes of the quartz impurity (Fig. 2a).
-FeOOH was then deposited on the diatomite (Fig. 2b), and finally was transformed into the
-Fe2O3 product after calcination. As shown in Fig. 2c, in addition to the diffraction signals of
amorphous diatomite, the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample also showed diffraction peaks at 2 = 33.15o, 35.61o, and 54.09o (Fig. 2c), corresponding to the (104), (110), and (116) crystal planes of hematite -Fe2O3 (JCPDS 80-2377). From the TGA/DTA result (Fig. S1 of the supplementary material) of the -FeOOH/diatomite sample, one can see that only ca. 6 wt% weight loss was detected in the range of room temperature800 oC, ascribable to the removal of adsorbed water and the dehydration of -FeOOH. The diatomite sample possessed a disc-like morphology with a uniform ordered porous structure, as shown in Fig. S2(a and b) of the supplementary material. Fig. 3af shows the
9
on the diatomite after reaction of diatomite with 8 wt % FeCl3 aqueous solution at 40, 50, and
Page 11 of 34

View Article Online
SEM and TEM images of the as-prepared -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample, which was prepared with a 8 wt% FeCl3 aqueous solution at pH = 4.5 and 50 oC for 35 h. -Fe2O3
1015 nm. Large pores of the diatomite substrate were preserved after deposition of -Fe2O3 nanowires. The EDS analysis on the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample indicates the
presence of Si, O, Al, and Fe elements, and the obtained Fe/O weight ratio of the sample was 2.68 : 1.02, rather close to the theoretical Fe/O weight ratio of -Fe2O3 (Fig. S2(c)). A HRTEM image of an individual rod shows the lattice fringes (Fig. 3f) with a plane spacing of 0.250 nm, which fits well to that of the (110) plane of -Fe2O3 (JCPDS 80-2377). In addition, multiple electron diffraction rings of the SAED pattern (inset of Fig. 3f) suggest that the as-prepared -Fe2O3 nanowire samples were polycrystalline. Diatomite is composed of amorphous SiO2, and possesses a mesh structure of short-range order, in which there is the presence of siliconoxygen tetrahedron. Due to the uncertainty of the number of silicon atoms, coordination defect and oxygen bridge defect exist in the mesh structure.52 Therefore, it is easy to form surface silanols (SiOH) due to the combination of H with the surface SiO dangling bonds. Dissociation of the surface silanols usually occurs in water into SiO and H+, making the surface of diatomite negatively charged.53 In the FeCl3 aqueous system, urea is used as the precipitating agent according to the following reactions: (NH2)2CO + H2O = 2NH4OH + CO2 FeCl3+ 3NH4OH Fe(OH)3 + 3NH4Cl
10
nanowires can be clearly seen in Fig. 3ae with the length of 250300 nm and diameter of
Page 12 of 34
View Article Online
Because the hydrolysis of urea is a relatively slow process,54 in the initial stage of the reaction a lot of Fe(OH)2+ and Fe(OH)2+ are generated (initial lack of OH provided by
charge and the surface of diatomite with negative charge. As a result, Fe oxyhydroxides deposite on the surface of diatomite, and then begin to crystallize into -FeOOH in the
presence of urea. Based on the lowest energy principle of crystal growth and under equilibrium conditions, the crystal growth units are preferentially deposited on the crystal planes with relatively low surface energies. For the -FeOOH with a = 0.465 nm, b = 1.002 nm and c = 0.304 nm, b-axis is much larger than the a- and c-axes, structural anisotropy results in the easy-oriented -FeOOH nanostructures.55 Therefore, -FeOOH nanowires were formed in our designed system. The -FeOOH phase was transformed into the -Fe2O3 phase after calcination, and the wire-like morphology of the -Fe2O3 product was retained. Fig. 4 shows the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore-size distributions calculated according to the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) method of the diatomite and
-Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples. The two samples exhibited isotherms that were
characteristics of mesopores,56 as confirmed by the SEM and TEM observations (Fig. 3). Therefore, the two samples contained mesopores in the range of 310 nm. Surface area (30 m2/g) of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample was lower than that (140 m2/g) of the diatomite sample, a result due to the partial blocking of pores by -Fe2O3 nanowires loaded on the diatomite. Effects of parameters on the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency There are several parameters (e.g., adsorbent amount, adsorption time, adsorption
11
NH4OH). Charge neutralization reactions occur between Fe oxyhydroxide with positive
Page 13 of 34

View Article Online
temperature, pH value, and initial concentration) that can influence the efficiency of the sample for the removal of As(III) and As(V).
of the -Fe2O3/diatomite sample for the removal of 100 mL of As(III) or As(V) solution (10 mg/L) at 25 oC for 15 min. It is found that the pH value significantly influenced the As(III)
and As(V) removal efficiency. The As(V) removal efficiency reached above 98 % and up to 100 % in the pH range of 2.09.0; the As(III) removal efficiency was above 97 % and up to 99.8 % in the pH range of 3.09.0. The -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample showed better efficiency for the removal of As(V) than that for the removal of As(III) at the same pH value, and two maximal peaks appeared for the removal of As(III) and As(V) in the pH range of 2.010.0. The reason might be that the change in pH value could alter the potential on the diatomite surface. There were two isoelectric points at pH = 3.5 and 8.5. When the pH value of the solution was greater than that corresponding to the isoelectric point of diatomite, the diatomite surface would be negatively charged, i.e., the potential became negative. When the pH value of the solution was less than that corresponding to the isoelectric point of diatomite, the diatomite surface would be positively charged, i.e., the potential became positive. When the diatomite surface was positively charged, the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) was favored and their removal efficiency was high. When the pH value was above 9, the diatomite surface was negatively chargedhindering the adsorption of As(III) and As(V). When the pH value was below 3, despite the positively charged diatomite surface, the high H+ concentration in the solution competed with the diatomite for the adsorption of As(III) and As(V), which influenced the As(III) and As(V) removal to a certain extent.
12
Fig. 5 shows the effect of pH value on the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of 40 mg
Page 14 of 34
View Article Online
Fig. 6 shows the effect of 100 mL of initial As(III) or As(V) concentration on the removal efficiency of 40 mg of the -Fe2O3/diatomite sample at 25 oC and pH = 3.5. It is
Below 10 mg/L of initial As(III) or As(V) concentration, its removal efficiency maintained nearly 100 %; but with the rise in As(III) or As(V) concentration from 10 to 40 mg/L, the
removal efficiency decreased, with the decrease trend in As(III) removal efficiency being more significant. Fig. 7 shows the effect of adsorption time on the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of 40 mg of -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample for the removal of 100 mL of As(III) or As(V) aqueous solution (10 mg/L) at 25 oC and pH 3.5 for 15 min. It is seen that the
-Fe2O3/diatomite sample exhibited a rapid adsorption on As(III) or As(V) within the first 10
min, but the As(III) or As(V) removal efficiency reached nearly 100 % after 15 min of adsorption. At the initial stage, the adsorption happened mainly on the outer surface, and it was completed in a short time. With the increase in adsorption amount of As(III) or As(V), there were enhanced repulsive forces between the adsorbed As(III) or As(V) species and resistance for the adsorption of free As(III) or As(V) on the pores, hence decreasing the adsorption amount of As(III) or As(V). Fig. S3 of the supplementary material shows the effect of -Fe2O3/diatomite mass on the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample for the removal of 100 mL of As(III) or As(V) aqueous solution (10 mg/L) at 25 oC and pH = 3.5 for 15 min. The rise in adsorbent mass resulted in a rapid increase in As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency at the early stage and a saturation in the late stage. At the same mass of adsorbent,
13
observed that the initial As(III) or As(V) concentration influenced the removal efficiency.
Page 15 of 34

View Article Online
the As(V) removal efficiency (100 % with 50 mg of adsorbent) was higher than the As(III) removal efficiency (100 % with 60 mg of adsorbent).
As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample for the removal of 100 mL of As(III) or As(V) aqueous solution (10 mg/L) at pH = 3.5 for 15 min. It
is observed that an elevated temperature favored the removal of As(III) or As(V), but its impact was not significant. The rise in temperature could accelerate the movement of As(III) or As(V) ions to the pores, thereby enhancing the As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of the
-Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample.
Isothermal As(III) and As(V) adsorption of the -Fe2O3/diatomite sample To reveal the As(III) and As(V) adsorption behaviors of the -Fe2O3/diatomite sample, we conducted the isothermal adsorption experiment, in which the adsorption time was 30 min so as to guarantee the establishment of adsorption equilibrium. Table 1 lists the adsorption data of 40 mg of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample for the removal of the As(III) and As(V) aqueous solutions at different initial concentrations, 25
o
C, and pH = 3.5 for 30 min. With the rise in C0 value, the adsorption amount increased and
reached saturation at C0 80 mg/L, but the removal efficiency decreased; compared to As(III), the removal efficiency of As(V) was much higher. Fig. S5 of the supplementary material illustrates the isothermal As(III) and As(V) adsorption behaviors of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample. It is observed that the adsorption amount of As(III) or As(V) increased with increasing the initial concentration, and the adsorption capacity tended to be saturated at a certain concentration of As(III) or As(V).
14
Fig. S4 of the supplementary material shows the effect of adsorption temperature on the
Page 16 of 34
View Article Online
Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorption equations were used to depict the As(III) or As(V) adsorption behaviors of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample.
Freundlich isotherm equation: Qe = KFCe1/n

Qe = (C0 Ce)V/m
(2) (3)
Wherein Ce (mg/L), Qe (mg/g), Q0 (mg/g), KL, n, and KF are the equilibrium concentration, equilibrium adsorption capacity, maximal adsorption capacity, Langmuir constant, and Freundlich constants, respectively. By re-organizing equations (1) and (2), one can obtain: KL = Qe/(Ce(Q0 Qe)) lg Qe = lgKF + (1/n) lgCe (4) (5)
With equations (4) and (5), one can obtain the data of KL, n, KF, and R2 (correlation coefficient), as summarized in Table 2. After the fitting analyses on Langmuir and Freundlich equations, the R2 values for the As(III) adsorption of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample were 0.9212 and 0.9544, respectively, indicating that the isothermal As(III) adsorption model of the sample better fitted Freundlich equation (see Fig. S6 of the supplementary material); the R2 values for the As(V) adsorption of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample were 0.9562 and 0.9180, respectively, suggesting that the isothermal As(V) adsorption model of the sample better fitted Langmuir equation (Fig. S7 of the supplementary material). The maximal As(III) and As(V) adsorption capacities were 60.65 and 81.16 mg/g, respectively. It has been reported that the maximal As(V) adsorption capacity was 5.72 mg/g over the Mn0.13Fe0.87OOH sample,18 7.6 mg/g over the 3D flowerlike iron oxide sample,50 51 mg/g
15
Langmuir isotherm equation: Ce/Qe = 1/(Q0KL) + Ce/Q0
(1)
Page 17 of 34

View Article Online
over the flowerlike -Fe2O3 sample,57 56 mg/g over the iron-chitosan-coated sand sample,58 3.147 mg/g over the nanosized -Fe2O3 sample,59 and 22.4 mg/g over the hollow
over the Mn0.13Fe0.87OOH sample,18 and 26 mg/g over the ironchitosan-coated sand sample.58 Therefore, the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample prepared in the present study
possessed excellent efficiency for the removal of As(III) and As(V) in wastewater. Adsorption mechanism Adsorption of As(III) and As(V) over the iron oxide-modified diatomite samples mainly took place through the physical adsorption via electrostatic attraction in the early stage, while it underwent through chemisorption via covalent bonding in the late stage. As(III) and As(V) were in different anion forms in aqueous solutions of different pH values. At pH = 3.5 and 8.5, the As(III) and As(V) in aqueous solution existed in the forms of H3AsO3, H2AsO3, H2AsO4, and HAsO42.22 The -Fe2O3 nanowires surface in aqueous solution was positively charged.23 The charge of the diatomite surface was related to its own isoelectric point. Diatomite has two isoelectric points in aqueous solution: 3.03.5 and 7.88.5.24 The diatomite surface was positively charged when pH value was below the isoelectric point, whereas negatively charged when pH value was above the isoelectric point. Diatomite surface exhibited dual roles which were favorable or unfavorable for the adsorption of As(III) and As(V) at different pH values, which explained why there were two adsorption peaks at different pH values (i.e.,
potentials on the diatomite surface). When the pH value was 3.5, electrostatic physisorption
was formed between the positively charged -Fe2O3 nanowires on the diatomite surface and the As species (e.g., H2AsO4 and H2AsO3, and HAsO42). That means that there was an ion
16
nanospherical ceria sample;60 and the maximal As(III) adsorption capacity was 4.58 mg/g
Page 18 of 34
View Article Online
exchange between H2AsO4, H2AsO3 or HAsO42 and the OH on -Fe2O3 nanowires to generate the AsOFe bonding, and hence As(III) was firmly adsorbed on the sample surface.
The amount of Fe(OH)3 on the surface of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample increased, causing the exchange rate between H2AsO4, H2AsO3, and HAsO42 and the OH on -Fe2O3
nanowires to increase. To confirm the above-mentioned deduction, we recorded the FT-IR spectra of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples before and after the adsorption of As(V) at pH =3.5 and 8.5, as shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen that there were two broad and strong absorption peaks at 3450 and 1633 cm1, which were due to the adsorption of OH stretching vibration and twisting vibration, respectively.61 The absorption peaks at 465 and 1098 cm1 originated from the asymmetric stretching vibration mode of SiOSi bond in the diatomite.6163 The absorption peak at 798 cm1 was attributed to the SiOAl bonding that was caused by the impurity in the diatomite. The -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample showed four new absorption peaks at 546, 880, 1441, and 2080 cm1: the peak at 546 cm1 was assigned to the FeOH stretching vibration, the one at 1441 cm1 was ascribed to the OH in-plane deformation vibration of the FeOH bond, and the ones at 880 and 2080 cm1 were due to the stretching and bending vibrations of the FeOFe bond.64 After the sample adsorbed As(V), there were two new absorption peaks at 817 and 2812 cm1: the peak at 817 cm1 was attributed to the stretching vibration of AsO bond, whereas the one at 2812 cm1 was assigned to the FeOH stretching vibration. The absorption peak of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample at pH = 8.5 was higher than that at pH = 3.5 in intensity, indicating that there was a more amount of OH in
17
When the pH value was 8.5, the above-mentioned physico- and chemicosorption took place.
Page 19 of 34

View Article Online
the solution at pH = 8.5. Fig. 9 shows the O 1s XPS spectra of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples before and
and 531.5 eV, attributable to the surface lattice oxygen and adsorbed hydroxyl species, respectively. Obviously, the surface OH concentration of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite
sample before As(V) adsorption was higher that that of the -Fe2O3/diatomite sample after As(V) adsorption, indicating that the hydroxyl group have exchanged with H2AsO3.
Conclusions
In summary, we have successfully generated the -Fe2O3 nanowires loaded diatomite via the precipitation-deposition route. The -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples have high BET surface areas and showed excellent performance for the adsorption of arsenic. The adsorbent amount, adsorption time, adsorption temperature, pH value, and initial As(III) or As(V) concentration exerted an influence on the As(III) or As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample. The -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample showed a maximal As(III) and As(V) adsorption capacity of 60.6 and 81.2 mg/g, respectively. At an As(III) or As(V) concentration of 10 mg/L, the maximal efficiency was 99.98 and 100 % for the removal of As(III) and As(V), respectively. The Freundlich and Langmuir models were more suitable for the adsorption removal of As(III) and As(V), respectively.
Acknowledgements
The work was financially supported by the Project of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) (No. Q5009001201202), Science and Technology Program of Jilin Province (No. 120301GX01013535), and the National Natural Science Foundation of
18
after the adsorption of As(V) at pH = 3.5. There were two peaks at binding energies of 530.0
Page 20 of 34
View Article Online
China (No. 51225402).
Notes and references

1 J. F. Liu, Z. S. Zhao, G. B. Jiang, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42, 69496954. 2 E. M. Kenyon, M. F. Hughes, Toxicology, 2001, 160, 227236. 3 L. L. Arnold, M. Eldan, A. Nyska, M. van Gemert, S. M. Cohen, Toxicology, 2006, 223, 82100.
4 X. G. Meng, S. Bang, G. P. Korfiatis, Water Res., 2000, 34, 12551261. 5 X. H. Guan, J. S. Du, X. G. Meng, Y. K. Sun, B. Sun, Q. H. Hu, J. Hazard. Mater., 2012, 215216, 116. 6 H. Ahsan, Y. Chen, F. Parvez, Am. J. Epidemiol., 2006, 163, 11381148. 7 V. K. Sharma, M. Sohn, Environ. Int., 2009, 35, 743759. 8 T. S. Y. Choong, T. G. Chuah, Y. Robiah, F. L. G. Koay, I. Azni, Desalination, 2007, 217, 139166. 9 M. E. Pena, G. P. Korfiatis, M. Patel, L. Lippincott, X. G. Meng, Water Res., 2005, 39, 23272337. 10 P. L. Smedley, D. G. Kinniburgh, Appl. Geochem., 2002, 17, 517568. 11 D. Mohan, C. U. Pittman Jr., J. Hazard. Mater., 2007, 142, 153. 12 X. H. Guan, T. Z. Su, J. M. Wang, J. Hazard. Mater., 2009, 166, 3945. 13 Y. H. Kim, C. M. Kim, I. H. Choi, S. Rengaraj, J. H. Yi, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2004, 38, 924931. 14 T. F. Lin, J. K. Wu, Water Res., 2001, 35, 20492057. 15 X. H. Guan, J. M. Wang, C. C. Chusuei, J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 156, 178185. 16 M. Arienzo, P. Adamo, J. Chiarenzelli, M. R. Bianco, A. De Martino, Chemosphere, 2002, 48, 10091018. 17 K. Banerjee, G. L. Amy, M. Prevost, S. Nour, M. Jekel, P. M. Gallagher, C. D. Blumenschein, Water Res., 2008, 42, 33713378. 18 P. Lakshmipathiraj, B. R. V. Narasimhan, S. Prabhakar, G. B. Raju, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2006, 304, 317322. 19 M. ljivi, I. Smiiklas, S. Pejanovi, I. Plea, Appl. Clay Sci., 2009, 43, 3340. 20 N. Koukouzas, C. Vasilatos, G. Itskos, I, Mitsis, A. Moutsatsou, J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 173, 581588. 21 R. P. Han, W. H. Zou, H. K. Li, Y. H. Li, J. Shi, J. Hazard. Mater., 2006, 137, 934942. 22 Z. Gu, J. Fang, B. Deng, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 38333843.
19
Page 21 of 34

View Article Online
23 M. P. Elizalde-Gonzalez, J. Mattusch, R. Wennrich, P. Morgenstern, Micropor. Mesopor.

Mater., 2001, 46, 277286.
24 Y. H. Xu, T. Nakajima, A. Ohki, J. Hazard. Mater., 2002, 92, 275287. 25 E. Eren, J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 159, 235244. 26 J. Su, H. G. Huang, X. Y. Jin, X. Q. Lu, Z. L. Chen, J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, 185, 6370. 27 B. A. Manning, S. Goldberg, Environ. Sci. Technol., 1997, 31, 20052011. 28 S. Chakravarty, V. Dureja, G. Bhattacharyya, S. Maity, S. Bhattacharjee, Water Res., 2002,
36, 625632. 29 Y. Arai, D. L. Sparks, J. A. Davis, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2005, 39, 25372544. 30 S. Goldberg, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 2002, 66, 413421. 31 A. Saada, D. Breeze, C. Crouzet, S. Cornu, P. Baranger, Chemosphere, 2003, 51, 757763. 32 J. L. Wu, Y. S. Yang, J. H. Lin, J. Hazard. Mater., 2005, 127, 196203. 33 P. Yuan, D. Liu, M. D. Fan, D. Yang, R. L. Zhu, F. Ge, J. X. Zhu, H. P. He, J. Hazard.
Mater., 2010, 173, 614621.
34 W. H. Xiong, J. Peng, Y. F. Hu, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 2012, 368, 528532. 35 S. Sungworawongpana, S. Pengprecha, Procedia Eng., 2011, 8, 5357. 36 V. Lenoble, C. Laclautre, V. Deluchat, B. Serpaud, J.-C. Bollinger, J. Hazard. Mater., 2005, 123, 262268. 37 P. M. Pimentel, R. M. P. B. Oliveira, D. M. A. Melo, M. J. Anjos, M. A. F. Melo, G. Gonzlez, Appl. Clay Sci., 2010, 48, 375378. 38 L. Yang, Z. Shahrivari, P. K. T. Liu, M. Sahimi, T. T. Tsotsis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2005, 44, 68046815. 39 A. Bhaumik, S. Samanta, N. K. Mal, J. Appl. Sci., 2004, 4, 467471. 40 K. Kuzawa, Y. J. Jung, Y. Kiso, T. Yamada, M. Nagai, Chemosphere, 2006, 62, 4552. 41 N. Caliskan, A. R. Kul, S. Alkan, E. G. Sogut, I. Alacabey, J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, 193, 27 36. 42 M. Sprynskyy, I. Kovalchuk, B. Buszewski, J. Hazard. Mater., 2010, 181, 700707. 43 M. Guru, D. Venedik, A. Murathan, J. Hazard. Mater., 2008, 160, 318323. 44 G. D. Sheng, J. Hu, X. K. Wang, Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 2008, 66, 13131320. 45 Y. Al-degs, M. A. M. Khraisheh, M. F. Tutunji, Water Res., 2001, 35, 37243728. 46 A. M. Majeda, S. A. Yahya, A. M. Wendy, Chem. Eng. J., 2004, 99, 177184. 47 A. A. Mohammad, A. M. K. Majeda, T. Maha, Chem. Eng. J., 2004, 104, 8391. 48 E. Li, X. Y. Zeng, Y. H. Fan, Desalination, 2009, 238, 158165. 49 B. Wang, H. B. Wu, L. Yu, R. Xu, T-T. Lim, X. W. Lou, Adv. Mater., 2012, 24, 11111116.
20
Page 22 of 34
View Article Online
50 L. S. Zhong, J. S. Hu, H. P. Liang, A. M. Cao, W. G. Song, L. J. Wan, Adv. Mater., 2006, 18, 24262431. 51 F. Meng, S. A. Morin, S. Jin, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2011, 133, 84088411. 52 B. J. Gao, P. F. Jiang, F. Q. An, Appl. Clay Sci., 2005, 250, 273279. 53 G. D. Sheng, S. W. Wang, J. Hu, Colloids Surf., A, 2009, 339, 159166. 54 Z. R. Dai, J. L. Gole, J. D. Stout, Z. L. Wang, J. Phys. Chem. B, 2002, 106, 12741279. 55 H. Li, W. Li, Y. J. Zhang, T. S. Wang, B. Wang, W. Xu, L. Jiang, W. G. Song, C. Y. Shu,
C. R. Wang, J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 78787881. 56 Y. C. Du, J. Yan, Q. Meng, J. S. Wang, H. X. Dai, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, 133, 907912. 57 C. Y. Cao, J. Qu, W. S. Yan, J. F. Zhu, Z. Y. Wu, W. G. Song, Langmuir, 2012, 28, 45734579. 58 A. Gupta, M. Yunus, N. Sankararamakrishnan, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2013, 52, 20662072. 59 M. Zhang, B. Gao, S. Varnoosfaderani, A. Hebard, Y. Yao, M. Inyang, Bioresour.
Technol., 2013, 130, 457462.
60 C.-Y. Cao, Z.-M. Cui, C.-Q. Chen, W.-G. Song, W. Cai, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114, 98659870. 61 G. D. Sheng, S. W. Wang, J. Hu, Y. Lu, J. X. Li, Y. H. Dong, X. K. Wang, Colloids Surf. A:
Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 2009, 339, 159166
62 M. A. M. Khraisheh, M. A. Al-Ghouti, S. J. Allen, M. N. Ahmad, Water Res., 2005, 39, 922932. 63 H. Hadjar, B. Hamdi, M. Jaber, J. Brendle, Z. Kessaissia, H. Balard, J. B. Donnet,
Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2007, 107, 219226.
21
Page 23 of 34

View Article Online
Captions of Tables and Figures

Table 1. The As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite
Table 2. Langmuir and Freundlich equations for the As(III) and As(V) adsorption of the
-Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample.
Fig. 1. (A) Effect of pH value on the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite at FeCl3 concentration of (a) 6 wt%, (b) 8 wt%, and (c) 10 wt%; and (B) effect of reaction time on the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite at (a) 40 oC, (b) 50 oC, and (c) 60 oC. Fig. 2. XRD patterns of (a) diatomite, (b) -FeOOH/diatomite, and (c) -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite. Fig. 3. (ac) SEM, (d) TEM, and (e, f) HRTEM images of -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite. Fig. 4. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore-size distributions (inset) of (a) diatomite and (b) -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample. Fig. 5. Effect of pH value on the (a) As(III) and (b) As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample at an As(III) or As(V) concentration of 10 mg/L. Fig. 6. Effect of initial As(III) or As(V) concentration on the (a) As(III) and (b) As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample. Fig. 7. Effect of adsorption time on the (a) As(III) and (b) As(V) removal efficiency of the
-Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample at an As(III) or As(V) concentration of 10 mg/L.
Fig. 8. FT-IR spectra of (a) diatomite, (b) -Fe2O3/diatomite, (c) As(V)-adsorbed -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite at pH = 8.5, (d) As(V)-adsorbed -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite at pH = 3.5. Fig. 9. O 1s XPS spectra of (A) fresh and (B) after As(V)-adsorbed -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples.
22
sample at different initial As(III) and As(V) concentrations.

Page 24 of 34
Table 1. The As(III) and As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample at different initial As(III) and As(V) concentrations.
C0 (mg/L)
As(III)
5 Ce
Qe
10 0.09 24.7 99.1 0.02 24.9 99.8
15 0.30 36.7 98.0 0.14 37.2 99.1
20 2.00 44.7 90.0 0.40 49 98.0
25 4.35 51.6 82.6 1.15 59.5 95.4
30 8.91 52.7 70.3 2.79 68.0 90.7
35 12.3 56.7 64.8 5.04 74.9 85.6
40 16.8 58.0 58.0 8.68 78.3 78.3
45 21.6 58.5 52.1 13.6 78.5 69.8
50 26.4 59.0 47.2 18.6 78.6 62.8
60 36.2 59.5 39.7 28.4 79 52.7
70 46.0 60.1 34.3 37.8 80.5 46.0
80 55.7 60.7 30.4 47.4 81.5 40.7
90 65.6 60.8 27.1 57.3 81.6 36.3
0.00 12.5 100 0.0 12.5 100
E
As(V)
Ce Qe E
23
Page 25 of 34

View Article Online
Table 2. Langmuir and Freundlich equations for the As(III) and As(V) adsorption of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample. As species
Langmuir equation KL Q0 (mg/g) 60.65 81.16 R2 0.9212 0.9547
Freundlich equation
KF Q0 (mg/g) 60.65 81.16 n R2 0.9544 0.9180
As(III) As(V)
8.43
6.19
39.19 51.88
5.13 6.99
24

Page 26 of 34
(A)
20
c b
18
(B)
17
15
a
10
16
15
c b a
20 25 30 35 40 45
14
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
pH value
Reaction time (h)
Fig. 1. (A) Effect of pH value on the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite at FeCl3 concentration of (a) 6 wt%, (b) 8 wt%, and (c) 10 wt%; and (B) effect of reaction time on the amount of iron oxide loaded on the diatomite at (a) 40 oC, (b) 50 oC, and (c) 60 oC.
25
Fe2O3 amount loaded (wt%)
Fe2O3 amount loaded (wt%)
Page 27 of 34

View Article Online
(110)
(104)
1400 1200
:
:
Qu a r t z F e 2 O3 F e OOH
(024)
Intensity (a.u.)
1000 800 600 400 200 0 10 20 30
(214) (300)
(113)
(116)
a
40 50 60 70 80
2 T h eta (D eg .)
Fig. 2. XRD patterns of (a) diatomite, (b) -FeOOH/diatomite, and (c) -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite.
26
(100)
(101)
(130)
(111)
2m
200 nm
d a
10 nm
200 nm
Page 28 of 34
Fig. 3. (ac) SEM, (d) TEM, and (e, f) HRTEM images of -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite.
27
50 nm
3 nm
(110) (0.250 nm)
Page 29 of 34

View Article Online
50 45
0.010
3 Volume adsorbed (cm /g, STP)
dV/dD (cm3/(g nm))
40 35 30 25
0.006
0.004
0.002
b
0.000 10 20 30
20 15 10 5 0 0.0 0.2
Pore size (nm)
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Relative pressure ( p/p0)

Fig. 4. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore-size distributions (inset) of (a) diatomite and (b) -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample.
28
0.008
Page 30 of 34
View Article Online
102 100
b
98 96 94 92 90 88 86 84 0 2 4 6 8 10
pH value
Fig. 5. Effect of pH value on the (a) As(III) and (b) As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample at an As(III) or As(V) concentration of 10 mg/L.
29
Page 31 of 34

View Article Online
105 100 95
90 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
40
Initial As concentration (mg/L)
Fig. 6. Effect of initial As(III) or As(V) concentration on the (a) As(III) and (b) As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample.
30
Page 32 of 34
View Article Online
100
90
80
70
60
50
40 5 10 15 20 25 30
Adsorption time (min)
Fig. 7. Effect of adsorption time on the (a) As(III) and (b) As(V) removal efficiency of the -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite sample at an As(III) or As(V) concentration of 10 mg/L.
31
Page 33 of 34

View Article Online
60 50 40
880 817 546 1441 817 1441 546 1441 3450 3450 798.2 2812 3450
30 20 10 0
c b a
-10
3450
-20
464.6 1100.8
-30 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
-1
3000
3500
4000
Wavenumber (cm )
Fig. 8. FT-IR spectra of (a) diatomite, (b) -Fe2O3/diatomite, (c) As(V)-adsorbed -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite at pH = 8.5, (d) As(V)-adsorbed -Fe2O3
nanowires/diatomite at pH = 3.5.
32
Transmittance

Page 34 of 34
5000
(A)
530.0 eV
8500 8000
531.6 eV
(B) Intensity (a.u.)

7500
4000
3000
530.0 eV
7000 6500 6000 5500 5000 524
531.6 eV
2000
1000
0 524 526 528 530 532 534 536 538
526
528
530
532
534
536
538
Binding energy (eV)
Binding energy (eV)
Fig. 9. O 1s XPS spectra of (A) fresh and (B) after As(V)-adsorbed -Fe2O3 nanowires/diatomite samples.
33
Inteensity (a.u.)

Fe2o3 Nanowires On Diatomite

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Fe2o3 Nanowires On Diatomite

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

View Article Online

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Removal efficiency (%)

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Key wordsIron oxide-modified diatomite; As(III) removal; As(V) removal; adsorption

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

nanostructured -Fe2O3-based materials) for the treatment of arsenic pollutants in large-scale

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

formulas (1) and (2): E (%) =

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

to calibrate the binding energies.

Results and discussion

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Effects of synthesis parameters on the -Fe2O3 amount loaded on the diatomite

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

NH4OH). Charge neutralization reactions occur between Fe oxyhydroxide with positive

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Freundlich isotherm equation: Qe = KFCe1/n

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Langmuir isotherm equation: Ce/Qe = 1/(Q0KL) + Ce/Q0

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

China (No. 51225402).

Notes and references

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

23 M. P. Elizalde-Gonzalez, J. Mattusch, R. Wennrich, P. Morgenstern, Micropor. Mesopor.

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript

Journal of Materials Chemistry A

Captions of Tables and Figures

Journal of Materials Chemistry A Accepted Manuscript